Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline. Common Name Version. A Photographic Guide
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1 Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline Common Name Version A Photographic Guide Sorted by Form, Color and Family with Habitat Descriptions and Identification Notes Photographs and text by Wilde Legard District Botanist, East Bay Regional Park District New Revised and Expanded Edition - Includes the latest scientific names, habitat descriptions and identification notes
2 Decimal Inches /8 1/4 3/ English Inches Notes:
3 A Photographic Guide to the Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline More than 2,000 species of native and naturalized plants grow wild in the San Francisco Bay Area. Most are very difficult to identify without the help of good illustrations. This is designed to be a simple, color photo guide to help you identify some of these plants. This guide is published electronically in Adobe Acrobat format so that it can easily be updated as additional photographs become available. You have permission to freely download, distribute and print this guide for individual use. Photographs are 2014 Wilde Legard, all rights reserved. In this guide, the included plants are sorted first by form (Ferns & Fern-like, Grasses & Grass-like, Herbaceous, Woody), then by most common flower color, and finally by similar looking flowers (grouped by genus within each family). Each photograph has the following information, separated by '-': COMMON NAME (Scientific Name) Origin & Longevity Family Name (Bloom date range) Habitat ID Characteristics Additional notes According to The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition (JM2) and other references (not standardized). According to JM2 and eflora (ucjeps.berkeley.edu/ijm.html). Native, Naturalized, or Waif (not reproducing without human care). Annual, Biennial, Perennial, or a combination. Common family name according to JM2, Period during the year when the plant blooms, according to JM2 and other sources. '-' if plant does not bloom (ie. Ferns). Habitat description according to JM2 and other sources. Plant description with identification characteristics and other notes, based on multiple sources including: Annotated Checklist of the East Bay Flora, Second Edition (2013), JM2, Plants of the San Francisco Bay Region (Revised Edition), and Weeds of California and Other Western States. Occasionally, an additional note may appear (ie. NOXIOUS weed, INVASIVE weed, Fed & Calif. ENDANGERED, etc.). Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 1 BROAD-LEAVED CATTAIL (Typha latifolia) Native Perennial - Cattail Family - (Jun Jul) - Unpolluted to nutrient-rich freshwater (brackish) marshes - Plant ' tall. Widest leaves " wide. Flower cluster with no gap between flower types. SLENDER WILD OAT (Avena barbata) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar Jun) - Disturbed sites - Plants gen 24-32". Spikelets " long. Awns " long. Lemma tip bristles >= 0.1" long. Seeds EDIBLE whole or ground for flour. INVASIVE weed. RIPGUT GRASS (Bromus diandrus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr Jul) - Open, gen disturbed areas - Plant 6-40" tall. Spikelet 1-2.8" long. Lemma body " long, awn > 1.2" long. Barbed seeds can stick in flesh of animals. INVASIVE weed. SOFT CHESS (Bromus hordeaceus) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr Jul) - Fields, disturbed areas - Plant 4-26 tall. Leaf hairy. Flower cluster 1-5 long, dense, some stalks > spikelet. Spikelet Lemma , awn INVASIVE weed.
4 Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 2 FOXTAIL CHESS (Bromus madritensis subsp. madritensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr Jan) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plants 4-20" tall. Stem and sheathes smooth. Flower cluster branches visible, lower spikelets erect, > stalk. RED BROME (Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Mar Jun) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Plant 4-20". Flower cluster condensed, branches obscure, < spikelets. Stem & sheathes hairy. INVASIVE weed. BROME FESCUE (Festuca bromoides) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (May Jun) - Uncommon. Dry, disturbed places, coastal-sage scrub, chaparral - Stem < 20". Inflor 0.6-6" tall, dense, lower branches erect. Spikelet " long, awn " long. RYE GRASS (Festuca perennis) Naturalized Perennial - Grass Family - (May Sep) - Dry to moist disturbed sites, abandoned fields - Stem 20-40" tall. Spikelet " long, > glume, awned or awnless. Sterile shoots at base. INVASIVE weed. NORTHERN BARLEY (Hordeum brachyantherum subsp. brachyantherum) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (May Aug) - Meadows, pastures, streambanks - Stem 1-3' tall, gen robust. Leaf sheaths gen smooth, blade < 7" long. Lemma awn < 0.25". MEDITERRANEAN BARLEY (Hordeum marinum subsp. gussoneanum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr Jun) - Dry to moist, disturbed sites - Stem 4-20". Leaf blades to 32" long, auricles < 0.08". Central lemma awn " long. INVASIVE weed. HARE BARLEY (Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Feb May) - Moist, gen disturbed sites. Common - Stem 12-43" tall. Central spikelet stalk ~0.06" long. Central floret << lateral florets. INVASIVE weed. RABBITFOOT GRASS (Polypogon monspeliensis) Naturalized Annual - Grass Family - (Apr Aug) - Moist places, along streams - Stem 8-39". Leaf 0.4-8" long, " wide. Flower cluster " long, plume-like. Glume awn > 0.14". Lemma awn gen < 0.1". INVASIVE.
5 Revision: 3/2/2014 Grass-like - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 3 PURPLE NEEDLE GRASS (Stipa pulchra) Native Perennial - Grass Family - (Mar Jun) - Oak woodland, chaparral, grassland - Stem 14-39" long. Leaf blade 4-8" long. Glumes 0-0.8" long, ~equal. Awn 1.6-4" long, last segment straight. SEACOAST BULRUSH (Bolboschoenus robustus) Native Perennial - Sedge Family - (Summer) - Brackish to saline coastal marshes - Plant 20-60" tall. Stem sharply triangular. Flower cluster dense, stemless, just above bracts. Spikelets 5-25, " long. MEDITERRANEAN LINSEED (Bellardia trixago) Naturalized Annual - Broom-rape Family - (Apr Jun) - Disturbed grassland. - Plant sticky-hairy. Stem 6-32" tall. Leaves lance-shaped, toothed. Flowers 0.8-1" long, 2-lipped: upper lip pink, lower lip white. INVASIVE. ALKALI HEATH (Frankenia salina) Native Perennial - Frankenia Family - (Apr Sep) - Salt marshes, alkali flats - Matted subshrub, to 1' tall. Leaf blade " long, <= 0.24" wide. Petals white to pink or blue-purple, " long; gen 6 stamens. MONTEREY CENTAURY (Zeltnera muehlenbergii) Native Annual-Biennial - Gentian Family - (Jun Aug) - Moist coastal bluffs, forest openings - Plant " tall. Leaf 0.6-1" long. Flowers pink, " mm long, lobes " long; flower stalk < 0.0" long. CUT-LEAVED GERANIUM (Geranium dissectum) Naturalized Annual - Geranium Family - (Mar Jul) - Open, disturbed sites - Stem 3-28" tall, rough-hairy. Leaf blades deeply divided. Petals violet-red, " long w/notched tips. Flower stalk sticky. INVASIVE. GRASS-POLY (Lythrum hyssopifolia) Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Loosestrife Family - (Apr Oct) - Marshes, drying pond margins, disturbed ground - Stem 4-24". Leaves " long, ~ elliptical. Petals pink, " long. 2 awl-like appendages. INVASIVE weed. MINIATURE LUPINE (Lupinus bicolor) Native Annual - Pea Family - (Mar Jun) - Abundant. Open or disturbed areas - Plant 4-16", hairy. Flower " long, banner longer than wide, upper keel ciliate near tip, pedicel < 0.12". Fruit " wide.
6 Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Blue/Pink/Purple Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 4 STRAWBERRY CLOVER (Trifolium fragiferum) Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Late spring) - Roadsides, gen in saline soil - Head bracts 0.08" long, green. Flowers pink, " long, quickly hidden by hairy inflated flower bracts. ROSE CLOVER (Trifolium hirtum) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Apr May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Head with 1-2 bract-like leaves immed below. Flowers pink, " long, densely-bristly in fruit. INVASIVE weed. SMALL-HEAD CLOVER (Trifolium microcephalum) Native Annual - Pea Family - (Apr Aug) - Streambanks, moist, disturbed areas, roadsides, serpentine, conifer forest - Hairy. Head bract cup-like. Flowers pink to lavender, calyx lobes smooth-edged, > flowers. SPRING VETCH (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar Jun) - Roadsides, disturbed areas, grassland, open areas in oak and riparian woodlands - Flowers 1-2 at leaf bases, pink-purple to white, " long. Leaflets " wide. PERSIAN SPEEDWELL (Veronica persica) Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Feb May) - Wet, disturbed areas, fields - Stem 2-24" long, crawling. Flowers on " long stalks. Flowers blue, purple-lined with a white center. FAT-HEN (Atriplex prostrata) Native Annual - Goosefoot Family - (Apr Oct) - Wet places, marshes - Plant 4-48" tall, branched at base. Leaves alternate, blades 0.4-3" long, triangular, green, not dense-scaly underneath. PACIFIC PICKLEWEED (Salicornia pacifica) Native Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul Nov) - Salt marshes, alkaline flats - Plant 4-28" tall, branching from base, branches opposite. Flower clusters " long, " wide. RUSSIAN THISTLE (Salsola tragus) Naturalized Annual-Perennial - Goosefoot Family - (Jul Oct) - Common. Disturbed places - Plant < 5' tall. Stem gen red-striped, widely branched. Leaves succulent, 0.3-2" long, upper spine-tipped. NOXIOUS.
7 Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Green/Brown Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 5 CUT-LEAF PLANTAIN (Plantago coronopus) Native Annual-Biennial - Plantain Family - (Apr Jul) - Coastal bluffs, salt marshes, trampled places, chaparral, grassy flats - Leaves " long, tooth-like lobes. Flower: stems 1-6, 2-20" tall, cluster 0.8-8" long. SCARLET PIMPERNEL (Anagallis arvensis) Naturalized Annual - Myrsine Family - (Mar May) - Common. Disturbed places, ocean beaches - Plants 2-16" tall. Flowers " long, salmon or occasionally blue. Leaves TOXIC, can cause dermititis. SEASIDE HELIOTROPE (Heliotropium curassavicum var. oculatum) Native Perennial - Borage Family - (Feb Oct) - Moist to dry, saline to alkaline soils, gen near water - Plant fleshy. Leaf cm long. Flowers white w/ yellow center, " long. ENGLISH PLANTAIN (Plantago lanceolata) Naturalized Annual - Plantain Family - (Apr Aug) - Common. Disturbed areas - Leaves basal, hairy, 2-10" long, <= 1" wide. Flowers + stem 8-31" tall, flower cluster 0.8-3" long. INVASIVE, lawn weed. BIRD'S-FOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus) Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Jun Sep) - Open, disturbed areas - Leaflets 5, " long. Flower cluster 3-7 flowered on " stalk. Flowers bright yellow, " long, banner often reddish. CALIFORNIA BURCLOVER (Medicago polymorpha) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Mar Jul) - Common. Chaparral, oak woodland, streambanks, roadsides, disturbed areas - Stem 4-20". Flower yellow, " long. Spiny spiral fruits. INVASIVE. SOURCLOVER (Melilotus indicus) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Pea Family - (Apr Oct) - Open, disturbed areas - Stem 4-24" long. Leaflets 3, 0.4-1" long. Flowers yellow, ~0.1" long. HOP CLOVER (Trifolium campestre) Naturalized Annual - Pea Family - (Apr May) - Disturbed areas, roadsides - Flower heads 0.3-0" wide, bright yellow, brown w/age, quickly reflexing. Flowers with lengthwise ridges.
8 Revision: 3/2/2014 Herbaceous - Yellow Wild Plants of Martin Luther King Jr. Regional Shoreline - Sorted by Form, Color and Family Page 6 BRASS-BUTTONS (Cotula coronopifolia) Naturalized Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Mar Dec) - Common. Saline and freshwater marshes, mud flats - Plant 2-16"+ tall, smooth, ± fleshy. Leaves linear to lance-shaped w/linear teeth or lobes. INVASIVE. BRISTLY OX-TONGUE (Helminthotheca echioides) Naturalized Annual-Biennial - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Common. Disturbed areas - Stem 1-6' tall, bristly. Leaf 2-8" long, covered with prickly bumps. Flower heads " wide. INVASIVE weed. COMMON DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale) Naturalized Biennial-Perennial - Sunflower Family - (All year) - Abundant. Esp disturbed areas - Stem hollow. Leaves bright green with sharp down-pointing lobes. Outer head bracts reflexed. Fruit ~ brown. COYOTE BRUSH (Baccharis pilularis subsp. consanguinea) Native Perennial - Sunflower Family - (Jul Dec) - Coastal bluffs, woodland, grassland, disturbed sites, occ on serpentine - Shrub < 15' tall, brittle, common. Leaves gen " long. FRENCH BROOM (Genista monspessulana) Naturalized Perennial - Pea Family - (Mar Jun) - Common. Disturbed places. - Shrub < 10' tall, evergreen. Stems 8-10 ridged, leafy. Flowers yellow, 4-10 at branch tips, banner " long. NOXIOUS.
9 Notes:
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