Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1

Transcription

1 Famil: Phllathaceae Taxo: Bridelia isulaa Som: Bridelia isulaa var. subuda Briedelia peagiaa Hook.f. Briedelia miutiflora Hook.f. Bridelia icobarica Chakrab. & Vasudeva Ra Commo Name Gre Birch Prickl Bridelia Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA CSIRO. Australia Tropical Raiforest Plats [olie database] - Bridelia isulaa. "Occurs i CYP ad NEQ, widespread. Altitudial rage from ear sea level to 200 m. Grows i well developed coastal lowlad rai forest. Also occurs i SE Asia, Malesia ad Sri Laka." server/data/0e0f d d07080d04/media/html/taxo/bridelia_isula a.htm CSIRO. Australia Tropical Raiforest Plats [olie database] - Bridelia isulaa. server/data/0e0f d d07080d04/media/html/taxo/bridelia_isula a.htm "Occurs i CYP ad NEQ, widespread. Altitudial rage from ear sea level to 200 m. Grows i well developed coastal lowlad rai forest. Also occurs i SE Asia, Malesia ad Sri Laka." Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of "Distributio. From Mamar to Vietam (tpe) throughout Malesia to the Solomos ad N.E. Australia...Altitude: from sea level to 1500 m." [ative to tropical climates, but elevatio rage exceeds 1000 m, demostratig some evirometal versatilit] CSIRO. Australia Tropical Raiforest Plats [olie database] - Bridelia isulaa. "Occurs i CYP ad NEQ, widespread. Altitudial rage from ear sea level to 200 m. Grows i well developed coastal lowlad rai forest. Also occurs i SE Asia, Malesia ad Sri Laka." server/data/0e0f d d07080d04/media/html/taxo/bridelia_isula a.htm CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. No evidece CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece of a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage Herbst, D.R./Staples, G.W./Medbur, S.. Specime Details for Bridelia isulaa Hace [BISH ]. Bishop Museum, catum= Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Richards, S.J./Suradi, S. (eds.). A Biodiversit Assessmet of Yogsu - Cclops Moutais ad the Souther Mamberamo Basi, Papua, Idoesia. RAP Bulleti of Biological Assessmet 25. Coservatio Iteratioal, Washigto, DC Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. "Localit: USA, Polesia, Hawaiia Islads, Oahu,& Kaeohe: Ho'omaluhia Botaical Garde, Malasia sectio. Uaccessioed seedligs growig beeath 1 of 4 trees with HBG acc. o Seedligs of Herbst et al. 9605, listed as Cratoxlo sp., but surel a Flacourtiaceae. Hudreds of seedligs preset" [o records of aturalizatio, but seedlig establishig i botaical garde i urba Hoolulu suggest tree could aturalize i more wild settigs] No evidece "I disturbed or gap areas, commo species iclude Macaraga mappa, Macaraga sp., Bridelia isulaa, Caaga odorata, Edospermum moluccaum, Leucoske capitelata, Glochidio sp., ad Camposperma auriculata." [descriptio as a coloizer of disturbed ad gap areas is from ative rage. Suggests potetial to exploit these areas i itroduced rage.] No evidece Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Oauh Ivasive Species Committee. OISC Geeral Meetig - December 8, 2009, Meetig Notes. "Hoolulu Botaical Gardes, Naomi Hoffma. At Ho omaluhia we are cotrollig albizia, macaraga, fiddlewood, Schefflera, we are trig to cotrol a lot of thigs. A ew species we are dealig with is Bridelia, Alex ad Daielle idetified it. It is a big horrible tree. A farmer ext to Ho omaluhia called Beck Azama at DOA fs/ oiscmeetigotes.pdf about it. The whole tree has thors, all the wa up. We ol have four gardeers ad the ca barel keep up with the mowig. We have ot heard back from Beck. The farmer has mature trees; o our propert it is ol keikis. If aoe has a ideas how we ca cotrol it, let us kow. The keikis are maturig. We do t have it as a accessio, it could have bee a uaccessioed plat. A lot of thigs were plated at Ho omaluhia that were ot idetified. I caot fid it i our database. It seemed like there was a gap i commuicatio, the farmer did ot wat to talk directl to us." Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. No evidece Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. No evidece Tassi, J./Riviere, J.-N./Cazaove, "Bridelia micratha...kow as a coloiser i Reuio Islad" [but with o M./Bruzzese, E.. Rakig of ivasive wood plat descriptio of impacts] species for maagemet o Reuio Islad. Weed Research. 46: Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. No other Bridelia species listed as ivasive or as weeds Hog Kog Flora ad Vegetatio. Bridelia isulaa. "Habit: Trees up to 17 m tall, 30 cm i d. b. h.; bark fulvous, earl smooth; brachlets glabrous, with elevated leticels" [commo ame "Prickl Bridelia"] t.php?platid= Oauh Ivasive Species Committee. OISC Geeral Meetig - December 8, 2009, Meetig Notes. fs/ oiscmeetigotes.pdf "The whole tree has thors, all the wa up." Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Palatabilit ukow "Medium to large tree up to 25 m high; brachlets glabrous, leticels raised ad ver cospicuous o oe but last geeratio braches, bark the greish. Stipules ver arrowl triagular, up to 5 b mm, sparsel browish puberulous, earl caducous. Leaves: petiole 4-8 mm log, glabrous; blade (broadl) elliptic (to obovate), b cm, legth/width ratio , chartaceous (to subcoriaceous), glabrous above, glabrous to puberulous o veatio beeath, base obtuse to acute, margi etire, apex shortl acumiate; veatio promiet beeath, erves 9-13(-14) pairs, with a rather moderatel acute agle of divergece, ot joiig margial vei but closig with ext erve, tertiar veis reticulate." "Medium to large tree up to 25 m high" [ot parasitic] Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of "Bridelia stipularis...the plat is said to be poisoous." [Ukow for B. iuslaa] Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Huag, Ku-Wei/Wag, Chi-Fah. Eriophoid Mites of Taiwa: Descriptio of Thirtee Species of Nothopodiae from Huesue (Acari: Eriophoidea). Formosa Etomolog. 23: Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Dressler, S.. Bridelia (Euphorbiaceae) i New Guiea with a Descriptio of a New Species. Kew Bulleti 51(3): (3): Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow "I this work, the authors describe ad illustrate four geera ad 13 species, icludig te ew species ad oe ew combiatio ad give additioal descriptios of two kow species, of the Nothopodiae from Huesue Experimetal Forest, Natou Cout, cetral Taiwa. The are: Colopodacus isulaaus sp. ov. (ifestig Bridelia isulaaus), Colopodacus obovataus sp. ov. (ifestig Stautoia obovata ad Ficus irisaa), Aothopoda zuihoeae sp. ov. (ifestig Machilus zuihoesis), Floracarus szgiae sp. ov. (ifestig Szgium formosam), Floracarus hpophae sp. ov. (ifestig Litsea hpophaea), Floracarus eolitseaus ov. comb. (Huag, 1992) (ifestig Neolitsea acumiatissima), Cosella viburiae sp. ov. (ifestig Viburum luzoicum), Cosella formosaa sp. ov. (ifestig Helicia formosaa), Cosella macrocarpae sp. ov. (ifestig Mucua macrocarpa), Cosella castaopiae sp. ov. (ifestig Castaopsis kawakamii), Cosella hacei sp. ov. (ifestig Lithocarpus hacei), Cosella flescheri (Keifer, 1959) (ifestig Schima superba var. superba), ad Cosella champioi Huag, 2001 (ifestig Bauhiia champioii). A ke to the geera ad species of Nothopodiae of Huesue is provided." [importace of pests ukow] "Uses. - Timber sometimes used i house buildig (Sulawesi), as house posts (Bougaiville), for kife hadles (Lesser Suda Islads). Bark used for colourig the saguwer (palm wie) red. The fruits are edible. The plat provides ative medicie for headache (Sabah, Boreo) ad a decoctio of the leaves is applied as a lotio agaist itch (Mala Peisular). The leaves provide a wrappig for smokes (Papua New Guiea)." [o evidece of toxicit to humas] "...the species of subg. Getilia (B. isulaa Hace, icl. B. peagiaa Hook. f. ad B. glauca Blume) o that islad (Map 3) seem to prefer ever-wet raiforest habitats (cf. va Steeis 1979: fig. 4)." [ulikel to create fire hazards] "Ecolog. Primar ad secodar rai forest, ofte alog rivers, but also o dr lad" [shade tolerace ukow, but establishmet i primar rai forest suggests tree ma be adapted to some degree of shade tolerace] "Ecolog. Primar ad secodar rai forest, ofte alog rivers, but also o dr lad; soil: sad to loam, clae, limestoe." "Medium to large tree up to 25 m high" [ot climbig or smotherig] Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. Missouri Botaical Garde, Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of "Medium to large tree up to 25 m high" [terrestrial] Phllathaceae [formerl Euphorbiaceae] Phllathaceae [formerl Euphorbiaceae. Not a Nitroge fixig wood plat] "Medium to large tree up to 25 m high" [ot a geophte] Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Murali, K.S./Sukumar, R.. Reproductive Pheolog of a Tropical Dr Forest i Mudumalai, Souther Idia. Joural of Ecolog 82(4): (4): Kawakita, A.. Evolutio of obligate polliatio mutualism i the tribe Phllatheae (Phllathaceae). Plat Species Biolog. 25: Luo, S./Zhag, D./Reer, S.S.. Duodichogam ad adrodioec i the Chiese Phllathaceae Bridelia tometosa. America Joural of Bota. 94(2): Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of No evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat "Seeds ovoid, taperig at apex, 6-7 b mm i diameter, greeish brow." "Appedix I...Bridelia retusa wid polliated" [related species does ot require specialized polliator] "Polliatio sstems i other Phllathaceae tribes are still poorl kow, but available evidece suggests that o-phllatheae plats also have bee ad fl polliators (Ngulube et al. 1998; Kato et al. 2008; Luo 2006; Luo et al. 2007; Li & Zhag 2007). These observatios idicate that the acestral polliatio sstem for the Phllatheae tribe is likel to be geeralist bee/fl polliatio, from which arose the specialized Epicephala polliatio." [Bridelia isulaa i the tribe Bridelieae, which is likel fl/bee polliated] "Polliatio was b flies, ad experimetal polle supplemetatio of a subset of a tree s flowers did ot icrease fruit set, suggestig high levels of isect visitatio ad possible resource limitatio." [related species B. tometosa is flpolliated] "Ifloresceces: glomerules with sessile to shortl pedicelled flowers. Stamiate flowers mm i diameter, cream ellow; pistillate oes 2-3(-3.5) mm i diameter, whitish cream with red disc; pedicel mm log. Sepals triagular, c. 1.2 b 1.2 mm, puberulous outside. Petals variable i shape, ti, b mm, base cueate. Stames: stamial colum c. 1 mm log; free part of filamets up to 0.8 mm log; athers ovoid to semigloboid, c. 0.4 mm i diameter. Ovar ovoid, c. 1 b 0.7 mm i diameter; stles 2, basall uited, together with stigmas mm log, exsertig flower, stigmas shortl bifid." "Seeds ovoid, taperig at apex, 6-7 b mm i diameter, greeish brow." [seeds without a meas of exteral attachmet] "Uses. - Timber sometimes used i house buildig (Sulawesi), as house posts (Bougaiville), for kife hadles (Lesser Suda Islads). Bark used for colourig the saguwer (palm wie) red. The fruits are edible. The plat provides ative medicie for headache (Sabah, Boreo) ad a decoctio of the leaves is applied as a lotio agaist itch (Mala Peisular). The leaves provide a wrappig for smokes (Papua New Guiea)." [tree with multiple uses, but o evidece of cultivatio withi or outside ative rage] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece that tree is grow with commercial produce Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of "Fruits up to 10 per glomerule, ellipsoid to ovoid, poited at apex, 6-11 b 4-6 mm i diameter, 1-locular, bluish black; edocarp 1, wood. Seeds ovoid, taperig at apex, 6-7 b mm i diameter, greeish brow." [flesh-fruited; o adaptatios for wid dispersal] "Ecolog. Primar ad secodar rai forest, ofte alog rivers, but also o dr lad; soil: sad to loam, clae, limestoe. Altitude: from sea level to 1500 m." [fruits ma potetiall be dispersed b water alog river courses] Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Au, A.Y.Y./Corlett, R.T./Hau, B.C.H.. Seed rai ito uplad plat commuities i Hog Kog, Chia. Plat Ecolog. 186: Kitamura, S./Yumoto, T./Pooswad, P./Chuailua, P./Plogmai, K./Maruhashi, T./Noma, N.. Iteractios betwee flesh fruits ad frugivores i a tropical seasoal forest i Thailad. Oecologia. 133: Kitamura, S./Yumoto, T./Noma, N./Chuailua, P./Maruhashi, T./Wohadee, P./Pooswad, P.. Aggregated seed dispersal b wreathed horbills at a roost site i a moist evergree forest of Thailad. Ecological Research. 23: Welze, P.C. va/chaamarit, K.. Flora of Kitamura, S./Yumoto, T./Pooswad, P./Chuailua, P./Plogmai, K./Maruhashi, T./Noma, N.. Iteractios betwee flesh fruits ad frugivores i a tropical seasoal forest i Thailad. Oecologia. 133: Kitamura, S./Yumoto, T./Pooswad, P./Chuailua, P./Plogmai, K./Maruhashi, T./Noma, N.. Iteractios betwee flesh fruits ad frugivores i a tropical seasoal forest i Thailad. Oecologia. 133: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow "Appedix...Bridelia isulaa" [observed as beig bird-dispersed] "The miimum umber of frugivore groups recorded for a give fruit species was two (horbills ad squirrels) for Sterculia balaghas ad three (mostl pigeos, horbills ad/or squirrels) for 9 species. The most widel cosumed fruits were Ficus altissima ad F. subcordata (10 groups each), Elaeagus latifolia (9 groups), ad Bridelia isulaa ad Szgium cumii (9 groups each). Of these, the Ficus species bear soft fruits with ma small seeds, E. latifolia bears large soft fruit with a sigle large seed, ad B. isulaa ad S. cumii bear small soft fruits with a sigle seed." "Table 2...Bridelia isulaa...r regurgitated b horbills" "Fruits up to 10 per glomerule, ellipsoid to ovoid, poited at apex, 6-11 b 4-6 mm i diameter, 1-locular, bluish black; edocarp 1, wood. Seeds ovoid, taperig at apex, 6-7 b mm i diameter, greeish brow." [o meas of exteral attachmet] "Appedix: Bu bulbuls, Pi pigeos, Ho horbills, Ci civets, Gi gibbos, Ma macaques, Be bears" [all of these vertebrate aimals are documeted as dispersers of Bridelia isulaa; seeds presumed to survive passage through guts of aimals] "...B. isulaa ad S. cumii bear small soft fruits with a sigle seed." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow [o iformatio o cotrol with herbicides] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Prit Date: 3/10/2011 Bridelia isulaa (Phllathaceae) Page 7 of 7