Prospects for growing and using tartary buckwheat in Poland

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1 Prospects for growing and using tartary buckwheat in Poland Jacek Kwiatkowski, Katarzyna Kłodawska University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production

2 [k tonnes] Production of buckwheat in the world FAOSTAT, year

3 [k tonnes] FAOSTAT, 2015 Production of top 5 producers Average Russian Federation China, mainland Ukraine France Poland

4 [k tonnes] Production of buckwheat in Poland GUS, year

5 Distribution of buckwheat plantation and relative yields in Poland (the average for the years , compiled based on data from the GUS 1015) zachodniopomorskie 11 pomorskie kujawsko-pomorskie warmińsko-mazurskie lubuskie wielkopolskie mazowieckie dolnośląskie 20 Poland ha = 100% opolskie 1 1 śląskie 2 łódzkie 2 małopolskie 0 świętokrzyskie 1 8 podkarpackie 4 podlaskie 5 lubelskie 20 zachodniopomorskie 93 pomorskie kujawsko-pomorskie warmińsko-mazurskie lubuskie wielkopolskie mazowieckie dolnośląskie Poland ,6 dt ha -1 = 100% opolskie śląskie łódzkie 89 małopolskie 136 świętokrzyskie podkarpackie 101 podlaskie 84 lubelskie 109

6 Large buckwheat plantation near the Olsztyn (30-60km) gryka buckwheat poganka - pagan tatarka Tatar buckwheat, also tartary buckwheat hreczka from гречка

7 Buckwheat products in Poland Buckwheat kasha from whole or brocken grain rosted or white (raw), etc. Buckwheat flakes rosted or white (raw) regular or instant etc. Buckwheat flour Ground buckwheat husk Buckwheat bran

8 Distribution of buckwheat plantation and relative yields in Poland (the average for the years , compiled based on data from the GUS 1015) Unit for hydrothermal treatment of achenes (roasting) Dehuller

9 Buckwheat products in Poland Kaszanka Blood sausage (with buckwheat groats) Dzyndzałki z hreczką i skrzeczkami Regional disch from Warmia and also Mazury Pierogi stuffed with buckwheat groads and boiled eggs, with the addition of fried bacon with onion

10 Little common products from buckwheat in Poland (ready for direct consumption) - pasta, - bread / rolls, - cakes / cookies - cereals, - snacks - etc?

11 Educational Center Piramida Malibor, Slovenia

12 Tartary buckwheat achenes Fagopyrum tataricum L., Lublin local accession Fagopyrum tataricum L., Olsztyn local accession Fagopyrum tataricum L., selected from chinese cv. Kuqiao Yu 6-21

13 Field experiment with tartary buckwheat Polish genotypes Buckwheat plants infested by aphids Genotypes selected from chinase cultivars

14 Morphological trails of tartary buckwheat plants Plant height [cm] Plant weight [g air-d.m. ] mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL year genotype fertilization 0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha mean Number of full achenes T1 T2 T3 TO TL year genotype fertilization 0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL year genotype fertilization 0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha-1

15 Yield of tartary buckwheat achenes [kg ha -1 ] mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL year genotype fertilization 0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha-1

16 Quercetin [mg g -1 d.m.] mg/g s.m. Rutin [mg g mg/g -1 d.m.] s.m achenes weight [g] Technological and nutritional value of t.b. seeds mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL year genotype fertilization Husk content [%] 0 kg ha-1 40 kg ha Rutin and quercetin in tartary buckwheat seeds analysis courtesy of prof. Danuta Zielińska, Dep. Of Chemistry, UWM nawożenie bez nawożenia średnia mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL genotype Protein content [% d.m.] T1 T2 T3 O L mean średnia Genotyp Genotype bez without nawożenia nawożenie fertilization średnia fertilization mean mean T1 T2 T3 TO TL genotype 0.0 T1 T2 T3 O L średnia mean Genotyp Genotype

17 Induction of flowering and transition to generative phase in the single plants

18 Habit of tartary buckwheat plants for different genotypes Thin, limp stalks, small, delicate plants domestic genotypes Rigid, thick stems, large leaves genotypes selected from foreign cultivars

19 Effect of a sowing date on development and yields of selected tartary buckwheat genotypes Field experiment with tartary buckwheat on weak soil (Domestic Symposium on Buckwheat, 2014) Adventitious roots on the stems of t. buckwheat

20 Effect of a sowing date on development and yields of selected tartary buckwheat genotypes

21 Yield of tartary buckwheat achenes depending on date of sowing, soil condition and genotypes a 220a 214a b b 125b 116b c c 27b 47a 31a 44a 9b 34a 22b 0 genotypes date of sowing place (soil condition)

22 Morfology of backwheat fruits achenes with wings

23 Biplot of analyzed traits (basic chemical composition and 1000 achenes weight) in collaboration with of dr Dariusz Załuski 1,0 TO TO TO TO rutin (y) fiber (x) 0,5 TLi TLi TLi Czynn. 2 : 40% 0,0 TAW (x) T2 T1 T1 T2 T2 T1 T1 T2 TL TL TL TL TLi TLi TSl ash (x) TSl TSl TSl -0,5 T3-1,0 protein (y) T3 T3 fat (y) T3-1,0-0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 Czynn. 1 : 46%

24 Evaluation of the genetic diversity of selected genotypes Fagopyrum tataricum analysis courtesy of dr Paweł Sulima, Dep. of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, UWM tested analyzed starters polymorphic monomorphic polymorphism [%] mean/starter markers ,61 4,1

25 UPGMA dendrogram of F. tataricum based on binary genetic distance analysis courtesy of dr Paweł Sulima, Dep. of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, UWM TO1 TO2 TL TLi T3 TSl T1 T

26 Thank you for your attention