FERULIC ACID O OH. Figure 1: Structure of ferulic acid.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "FERULIC ACID O OH. Figure 1: Structure of ferulic acid."

Transcription

1 Ferulic acid FOOD & COSMETIC FERULIC ACID A Natural Phenolic Compound Extracted from Rice Bran Ferulic acid is a rice polyphenolic compound and interestingly it is a source of vanillin. Ferulic acid is also used as an antioxidant, and an antimicrobial agent. It is also recognized that ferulic acid exhibits a preventive effect on discoloration in various food products and a variety of physiological functions such as suppression of Alzheimer s disease, prevention of muscular fatigue, improvement in hypertension, and antitumor activity of breast, liver, and colon. Among its various benefits, much interest has been focused on the recent study on the clinical trial of Alzheimer s disease. Ferulic acid is also used for cosmetics, because it exhibits UV absorption effect, whitening effect and anti-inflammatory effect. O CH3O OH HO Figure 1: Structure of ferulic acid. Functional characteristic of ferulic acid 1. Prevention of discoloration The preventive effect of ferulic acid on discoloration was investigated as the following experiment: Each ferulic acid solution of 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1% was added into the mixed fruit juice containing apple, banana and orange, and left at room temperature for one hour. Figure 2 shows that the higher the concentration of ferulic acid, the higher the stability of color. Control 0.02 Ferulic Acid 0.05% Ferulic Acid 0.1% Ferulic Acid Figure 2: Preventive effect of ferulic acid on discoloration of fruit juice. (In-house data) 1

2 2. Antioxidant effect It is believed that the ferulic acid supplies hydrogen to free radicals with phenolic -OH groups to provide the antioxidation effect. Ferulic acid exhibits radical capture and active oxygen elimination activity as shown in Figure 3. Radical capture was measured in the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Figure 3A shows the radical scavenging activities of 15, 30, 45 µm of ferulic acid and α-tocopherol. Moreover, active oxygen elimination was measured in the hemolysis method induced by CuOOH (cuminhydroperoxide). Figure 3B shows the IC 50, 50% inhibition of DPPH radicals. Lower IC 50 value indicates higher antioxidant activity. As this figure indicates, IC 50 value of α-tocopherol was three times as large as that of ferulic acid. Figure 3: Antioxidant effect of ferulic acid. A) The radical scavenging activity of ferulic acid and α- tocopherol using DPPH. B) IC 50, 50% inhibition of DPPH radicals. (In-house data) 3. Effect of ferulic acid on healing of Alzheimer-type disease (AD) It is known that a cranial nerve cell will decrease with age. Reduction of a cranial nerve cell is more significant with brain disease, such as Alzheimer s disease. Control of reduction in a brain cell and activation of a brain cell are required to maintain brain functions. In 2008, Nakamura et al. [1] reported that the preparation ANM176 containing ferulic acid as a principal component showed a suppressive effect on Alzheimer-type Disease (AD). They administered ANM176 containing 100 mg of ferulic acid twice a day for 9 months to 98 AD subjects. AD progressions were estimated with ADAS-Jcog method*. The higher score, the worse the AD symptom. As shown in Figure 4, remarkable suppressive effect was observed in two groups; one was a group of age of onset of older than or equal to 65 years old, another was a group of mild symptom. Since most onset age of AD is older than 65, the finding is epoch making. * Estimation of AD Progression (ADAS-Jcog): ADAS-Jcog (Alzheimer s Disease Assessment Scale-Japanese Cognitive part) used is a Japanese version of a worldwide method of examination for estimation of AD Progression, especially for cognitive dysfunction, and is composed of 11 inspection items for three fields, memory, speech, and apraxia. Higher the score is, worse cognitive dysfunction is. ADAS-Jcog is often used as a sensitive indicator of AD progression and as a judgment method for treatment effect of drugs in many clinical tests. The score described above is a difference of ADAS- Jcog score before administration and 9 months administration. 2

3 [2] The difference of ADAS-Jcog score before and after 9 months by administration of ferulic acid Figure 4: Effect of ferulic acid on healing of Alzheimer-type disease (AD). (Original data from [1]) 4. Effect of ferulic acid on skin 4.1 UV absorption The UV absorption property of ferulic acid is shown in Figure 5. Ferulic acid (1 mg) was dissolved in 95% ethanol (100 ml). The absorbance was measured in the range of nm. UV-B absorption was observed and SPF (Sun Protection Factor) was estimated to be 6.4. (Ref. SPF of octyl 4-methoxycinnamate is 7.1 [3]) UV-B UV-A ABS [nm] Figure 5: Effect of ferulic acid on UV absorption. (In-house data) 3

4 4.2 Whitening activity Anti-tyrosinase activity It is well-known that melanogenesis is induced by UV light and catalyzed by tyrosinase. Ferulic acid is not only effective UV absorbers, but also tyrosinase inhibitors. Ferulic acid is suggested to suppress melanin generation by antagonizing tyrosine because its chemical structure is similar to tyrosine [4]. Ferulic acid decreased tyrosine activity as shown in Figure 6. Tyrosinase activity was assayed using tyrosine as a substrate. The ratio of tyrosinase inhibition of ferulic acid was higher than that of kojic acid. Moreover, ferulic acid suppressed dark-color pigmentation in the integument of red sea breams [5]. Figure 6: The anti-tyrosinase activity of ferulic acid compare to kojic acid. (In-house data) Prevention of erythema The effect of ferulic acid on prevention of erythema is shown in Figure 7. Erythema generated in response to UV irradiation from 1 to 5x MED (Minimal Erythema Dose) in skin treated with 0.5 to 1% test solutions and mixed solution of ferulic acid (C + E + Ferulic acid). Erythema was significantly reduced when skin was treated with C +E + ferulic acid compared to the control, the other antioxidant solutions, and the commercial creams [6]. 4

5 Figure 7: The photoprotective effect of ferulic acid in pig skin. (C+E+ferulic acid is a solution containing 15% L-ascorbic acid, 1% α-tocopherol, and 0.5% ferulic acid). (Original data from [6]) 4.3 Anti-inflammatory effect Clinical data of ferulic acid for anti-inflammatory effect on skin is summarized in the Table below. Table 1: Clinical data of ferulic acid concerning anti-inflammatory effect on skin. Author (year published) Test subject Dose and Administration Skin efficacy Saija, et al., (2000) [7] In vitro (Healthy Skin) Healthy individual at ph 3 and 7.2 Ferulic acid dissolved in saturated aqueous solution at ph 7.2 (0.7%) showed a significant protection to the skin against UVB-induced erythema. Shinoda, (1995) [8] Mouse 1 mol/kg Intraperitoneal administration Nakadate, et al.,(1985) [9] in vitro 10 µm Survival effect after X-ray irradiating and protective potencies on skin injury induced by soft X-ray irradiation were observed. Cyclooxygenase 2 activity was inhibited 5

6 Recommended dosage A recommended dosage for supplement for AD healing is 200 mg per day, and that for prevention of discoloration of fruit juice and ham are to 0.1%, and 0.05 to 0.1%, respectively (Table 2). Table 2: Recommended dosage of ferulic acid. Applications Supplement Dosage 200 mg/day Fruit juice % Ham % Applications in foods The main applications are summarized as follows. Antioxidant Discoloration inhibitor (Confectionery; ferulic acid can prevent a discoloration of red color such as strawberry.) Healthy foods, Supplement Applications in cosmetics Hair wax, skin cream and lotion, soap, etc. Radical scavengers UV absorber (Sun Screens) Whitening agent Antimicrobial agent Anti-inflammatory agent Properties Product : Ferulic acid INCI name : FERULIC ACID Appearance : White or light yellow crystalline powder, odorless or faint characteristic odor Solubility : Freely soluble in ethanol, and slightly soluble in hot water Stability : Heat stable at 50 C for at least 20 hours Light irradiation stable at 10,200 lux at 25 C for at least 20 hours 6

7 Note: All Tsuno's products are extracted from rice bran and are GMO free, BSE/TSE free and non-allergy. We obtained bulk GMP in Japan and Halal and Kosher certified products are also available. References [1] Nakamura, S., et al. (2008). Geriat. Med., 46, (in Japanese) [2] Caro, J.J., Getsios, D., Migliaccio-Walle K., Raggio, G., and Ward, A. (2001). AHEAD Study group; Assessment of health economics in Alzheimer s disease (AHEAD) based on need for full-time care. Neurology, 57(6), [3] Anselmi, C., Centini, M., Andreassi, M., Carini, M., and Facino, R.M. (2001). Biological activities and cosmetic applications of ferulic acid and its derivatives. Yushi, 54(8), (in Japanese) [4] Ibata, Y. (1980). Fragrance J., 45, 92. (in Japanese) [5] Maoka, T., Tanimoto, F., Sano, M., Tsurukawa, K., Tsuno, T., Tsujiwaki, S., Ishimaru, K., and Takii, K. (2008). Effects of dietary supplementation of ferulic acid and gamma-oryzanol on integument color and suppression of oxidative stress in cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major. J. Oleo Sci., 57, [6] Tournas, J.A., Lin, F.H., Burch, J.A., Selim, M.A., Monterio-Riviere, N.A., Zielinski, J.E., and Pinnell, S.R. (2006). Ubiquinone, idebenone, and kinetin provide ineffective photoprotection to skin when compared to a topical antioxidant combination of vitamin C and E with ferulic acid. J. Invest. Dermatol., 126, [7] Saija, A., Tomaino, A., Trombetta, D., De Pasquale, D., Uccella, N., Barbuzzi, T., Paolino, D., and Bonina, F. (2000). In vitro and in vivo evaluation of caffeic and ferulic acids as topical photoprotective agents. Int. J. Pharm., 199, [8] Shinoda, M. (1995). Studies on chemical radioprotectors against X-irradiation used by soft X-ray accelerator. Yakugaku zasshi J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn., 115(1), [9] Nakadate, T., Aizu, E., Yamamoto, S., and Kato, R. (1985). Effects of chalcone derivatives on lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities of mouse epidermis. Prostaglandins, 30(3),

CHINA LISTED LIGHTENING TESTED SKIN-LIGHTENING EFFECT FROM PLANT EXTRACTS lightening activity. lightening lightening 5 4. Saija A, et al., in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo photoprotective effect

More information

ORIENTAL TEA COMPLEX. Product for anti-aging. the one who knows natural products

ORIENTAL TEA COMPLEX. Product for anti-aging. the one who knows natural products Product for anti-aging Head Office #B-902, Digital Empire, 980-3, Youngtong-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Tel: +82.31.303.5240 Fax: +82.31.303.5245 Factory #504, 158B 11L, 730-10, Gojan-dong,

More information

INCI name Actinidia Deliciosa (Kiwi) Fruit Extract. Colorless to light yellow

INCI name Actinidia Deliciosa (Kiwi) Fruit Extract. Colorless to light yellow Introduction Latin name Actinidia Deliciosa INCI name Actinidia Deliciosa (Kiwi) Fruit Extract Main ingredient Color Preservative Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folic acid, Magnesium Colorless to light yellow 0.5%

More information

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY The antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plants was performed at Chemistry Research Laboratory, Deogiri College, Aurangabad. 8.1 Preparation of sample solution About 0.10 g of

More information

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Chemical Engineering Department of Organic Chemistry

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Chemical Engineering Department of Organic Chemistry Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Chemical Engineering Department of Organic Chemistry Comparative study of valorization of pomegranate and wine wastes- Added value products and biological

More information

III InTIfir IIII A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK TEA AND INSTANT TEA TO DEVELOP AN INSTANT TEA TABLE~ WITH RETAINED HEALTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES

III InTIfir IIII A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK TEA AND INSTANT TEA TO DEVELOP AN INSTANT TEA TABLE~ WITH RETAINED HEALTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLACK TEA AND INSTANT TEA TO DEVELOP AN INSTANT TEA TABLE~ WITH RETAINED HEALTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES By PALAMANDADIGE THARANGI SRIYANGlKA RAJAPAKSHA MUDALIGE Thesis submitted to

More information

Dr. Christian E. BUTZKE Associate Professor of Enology Department of Food Science. (765) FS Room 1261

Dr. Christian E. BUTZKE Associate Professor of Enology Department of Food Science. (765) FS Room 1261 Dr. Christian E. BUTZKE Associate Professor of Enology Department of Food Science butzke@purdue.edu (765) 494-6500 FS Room 1261 Sulfur in Wine Reduced H 2 S hydrogen sulfide S 2- sulfides Oxidized electron-rich

More information

Cold Stability, CMCs and other crystallization inhibitors.

Cold Stability, CMCs and other crystallization inhibitors. Cold Stability, CMCs and other crystallization inhibitors. Dr Eric Wilkes Group Manager Commercial Services Tartrate instability The deposit is harmless, but the customers reaction might not be.potassium

More information

TESTING WINE STABILITY fining, analysis and interpretation

TESTING WINE STABILITY fining, analysis and interpretation TESTING WINE STABILITY fining, analysis and interpretation Carien Coetzee Stephanie Steyn FROM TANK TO BOTTLE Enartis Stabilisation School Testing wine stability Hazes/colour/precipitate Oxidation Microbial

More information

Pink flower. Water lily. Cosmos. Prunus Mume Flower

Pink flower. Water lily. Cosmos. Prunus Mume Flower PINK FLOWER Complex Pink flower Prunus Mume Flower Water lily Cosmos Rose Camellia Lotus Flower Japanese apricot s flower Common name Latin name INCI name Efficacy Mume Flos Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc.

More information

DEMETRIOS KOURETAS PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, GREECE

DEMETRIOS KOURETAS PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, GREECE DEMETRIOS KOURETAS PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY & BIOTECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY, GREECE Entrepreneurial Discovery Focus Group on wine for Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Drama, Greece Vitis

More information

Perfect Grape. What s so special about Muscadine Grapes?

Perfect Grape. What s so special about Muscadine Grapes? The is a powerful whole food supplement, made from the Seed, Skin and Pulp of Muscadine Grapes. With its high levels of Resveratrol and other antioxidants, The has been shown to help promote superior health

More information

Timing of Treatment O 2 Dosage Typical Duration During Fermentation mg/l Total Daily. Between AF - MLF 1 3 mg/l/day 4 10 Days

Timing of Treatment O 2 Dosage Typical Duration During Fermentation mg/l Total Daily. Between AF - MLF 1 3 mg/l/day 4 10 Days Micro-Oxygenation Principles Micro-oxygenation is a technique that involves the addition of controlled amounts of oxygen into wines. The goal is to simulate the effects of barrel-ageing in a controlled

More information

VWT 272 Class 14. Quiz 12. Number of quizzes taken 16 Min 3 Max 30 Mean 21.1 Median 21 Mode 23

VWT 272 Class 14. Quiz 12. Number of quizzes taken 16 Min 3 Max 30 Mean 21.1 Median 21 Mode 23 VWT 272 Class 14 Quiz 12 Number of quizzes taken 16 Min 3 Max 30 Mean 21.1 Median 21 Mode 23 Lecture 14 Phenolics: The Dark Art of Winemaking Whether at Naishapur or Babylon, Whether the Cup with sweet

More information

L-Theanine Clinical Studies

L-Theanine Clinical Studies ALL A B C D E F G I K L M N O P Q R S T V Z L-Theanine Clinical Studies Nippon Nogei Kagakukaishi. Kobayashi K, et al. Effects of L-theanine on the release of a- brain waves in human volunteers. 1998;72(2):153-7.

More information

Introduction to Sunflower Nutrition and Product Applications. By: Thunyaporn Jeradechachai (Naggie) Crop Quality Specialist Northern Crops Institute

Introduction to Sunflower Nutrition and Product Applications. By: Thunyaporn Jeradechachai (Naggie) Crop Quality Specialist Northern Crops Institute Introduction to Sunflower Nutrition and Product Applications By: Thunyaporn Jeradechachai (Naggie) Crop Quality Specialist Northern Crops Institute Helianthus pumilus Helianthus atrorubens Helianthus tuberosus

More information

Development of antioxidant soluble drinking powder from mamao (Antidesma ghaesembilla) fruit extract

Development of antioxidant soluble drinking powder from mamao (Antidesma ghaesembilla) fruit extract C-P-015 Development of antioxidant soluble drinking powder from mamao (Antidesma ghaesembilla) fruit extract Pongtip Sithisarn* a, Wandee Gritsanapan a a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy,

More information

GROUP LA GARDONNENQUE. La Gardonnenque SCA since INOSUD SA since people. 25 M Turnover

GROUP LA GARDONNENQUE. La Gardonnenque SCA since INOSUD SA since people. 25 M Turnover GROUP LA GARDONNENQUE La Gardonnenque SCA since 1969 INOSUD SA since 2000 90 people 25 M Turnover TRADITIONAL PRODUCTS OENOLOGY Alcohol Seeds Grape Seed Oil Calcium Tartrate Tartaric Acid Compost, Pulps,

More information

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS California Avocado Society 1966 Yearbook 50: 121-127 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS Louis C. Erickson and Gerald G. Porter Cuticle wax, or bloom, is the waxy material which may be

More information

Analysis of Resveratrol in Wine by HPLC

Analysis of Resveratrol in Wine by HPLC Analysis of Resveratrol in Wine by HPLC Outline Introduction Resveratrol o o Discovery Biosynthesis HPLC separation Results Conclusion Introduction Composition of flavoring, coloring and other characteristic

More information

Fragaria ananassa L. It is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as strawberry.

Fragaria ananassa L. It is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as strawberry. Strawberry BOTANY Fragaria ananassa L. It is a member of the Rosaceae family. It is commonly known as strawberry. It is a perennial plant of the Rosaceae family which sprouts every year. Its leaves and

More information

The role of CACTUS PEARS for human consumption

The role of CACTUS PEARS for human consumption The role of CACTUS PEARS for human consumption Maryna de Wit University of the Free State 12 / 2 / 2014 Why CACTUS PEARS? - Drought tolerant - Whole plant can be used: fruit, cladodes and flowers - Bridge

More information

Pulverization of coffee silverskin extract as a source of antioxidant

Pulverization of coffee silverskin extract as a source of antioxidant IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Pulverization of coffee silverskin extract as a source of antioxidant To cite this article: S Tan et al 216 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater.

More information

Maurya Shalini 1, Dubey Prakash Ritu 2 Research Scholar 1, Associate Professor 2 Ethelind College of Home Science, SHUATS Allahabad, U.P.

Maurya Shalini 1, Dubey Prakash Ritu 2 Research Scholar 1, Associate Professor 2 Ethelind College of Home Science, SHUATS Allahabad, U.P. PHYSICO- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIOXIDANT RICH HEALTHY BEVERAGES PREPARED BY USING PINEAPPLE JUICE AND GUAVA LEAVES EXTRACTS FLAVOURED WITH HERABS (MINT AND BASIL) Maurya Shalini 1, Dubey Prakash Ritu

More information

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET MATCHA GREEN TEA EXTRACT / A / HGL / CA11

TECHNICAL DATA SHEET MATCHA GREEN TEA EXTRACT / A / HGL / CA11 MATCHA GREEN TEA EXTRACT / A / HGL / CA11 / Trade Name: MATCHA GREEN TEA EXTRACT / A / HGL / CA11 /. Product Code: ETVMAHGCA11. INCI Name: AQUA, GLYCERIN, CAMELLIA SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT, POTASSIUM SORBATE.

More information

Wine anthocyanins: gut metabolism key to anti-cancer effects?

Wine anthocyanins: gut metabolism key to anti-cancer effects? Wine anthocyanins: gut metabolism key to anti-cancer effects? Andrew Waterhouse Viticulture and Enology Hilo, April 28, 2011 Modern History-Vin et Santé St. Leger et al. Factors associated with cardiac

More information

STABILITY EVALUATION OF RESVERATROL SUBMITTED TO IONIZING RADIATION

STABILITY EVALUATION OF RESVERATROL SUBMITTED TO IONIZING RADIATION 2009 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference - INAC 2009 Rio de Janeiro,RJ, Brazil, September27 to October 2, 2009 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ENERGIA NUCLEAR - ABEN ISBN: 978-85-99141-03-8 STABILITY EVALUATION

More information

Functional Dyeing and Finishing Using Catechins Extracted from Green Tea (II)

Functional Dyeing and Finishing Using Catechins Extracted from Green Tea (II) Journal of the Korean Society of Dyers and Finishers Vol., No. 5, pp. 7-13(8. ) Research Paper - Evaluation of Anti-oxidant Activity of the Fabrics treated with Green Tea Extracts - Songi Son, Kyungjin

More information

Lycopene is a 40 carbon atom open chain polyisoprenoid with 11 conjugated double bonds. The structural formula of lycopene is represented as follows:

Lycopene is a 40 carbon atom open chain polyisoprenoid with 11 conjugated double bonds. The structural formula of lycopene is represented as follows: Lycopene is a 40 carbon atom open chain polyisoprenoid with 11 conjugated double bonds. The structural formula of lycopene is represented as follows: Many factors could affect the lycopene concentration

More information

Michigan Grape & Wine Industry Council Annual Report 2012

Michigan Grape & Wine Industry Council Annual Report 2012 Michigan Grape & Wine Industry Council Annual Report 2012 Title: Determining pigment co-factor content in commercial wine grapes and effect of micro-oxidation in Michigan Wines Principal Investigator:

More information

ENARTIS NEWS WANT TO PRODUCE A WINE WITH LOW OR ZERO SO 2

ENARTIS NEWS WANT TO PRODUCE A WINE WITH LOW OR ZERO SO 2 ENARTIS NEWS WANT TO PRODUCE A WINE WITH LOW OR ZERO SO 2 ADDITION? SO 2 is one of the most controversial additives currently used in the wine industry. Numerous attempts have been made to find alternatives

More information

Baobab Fruit Pulp (Adansonia digitata )

Baobab Fruit Pulp (Adansonia digitata ) BAOBAB FRUIT PULP Baobab Fruit Pulp (Adansonia digitata ) The baobab is one of the most famous trees in Africa. The tree has long been an important source of human nutrition. Indigenous peoples traditionally

More information

NATURAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS FLAVOURS, FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS

NATURAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS FLAVOURS, FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS NATURAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS AUSTRALIAN PHENOLIC RICH PHYTONUTRIENTS FOR NATURAL HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS PRODUCT OVERVIEW www.botanicalinnovations.com.au BOTANICAL INNOVATIONS NEW FLAVOURS,FRAGRANCES, INGREDIENTS

More information

Bone Healthy Smoothie Recipes

Bone Healthy Smoothie Recipes 1 0 E X C L U S I V E Bone Healthy Smoothie Recipes BONE BUILDING + NOURISHING + ENERGIZING www.algaecal.com 10 Exclusive Bone Healthy Smoothie Recipes CONTENTS Chocolate Coconut Craver Smoothie 3 Super

More information

Winemaking Summarized

Winemaking Summarized Prevention of Common Wine Faults Luke Holcombe 707-790-3601 cell lukeh@scottlab.com Winemaking Summarized 1 What are the most Common Faults? Oxidation Volatile Sulfur Compounds (VSC) Microbial Faults Protein

More information

COCONUT SUGAR & COCONUT SYRUP

COCONUT SUGAR & COCONUT SYRUP COCONUT COCONUT SUGAR & COCONUT SYRUP NAME PACKAGING 1000 2281 Coconut sugar, ORGANIC Sweet, creamy, slightly nutty 1000 2847 Coconut sugar, Sweet, creamy, slightly nutty Carton box Net weight : 25 kg

More information

An Economic And Simple Purification Procedure For The Large-Scale Production Of Ovotransferrin From Egg White

An Economic And Simple Purification Procedure For The Large-Scale Production Of Ovotransferrin From Egg White An Economic And Simple Purification Procedure For The Large-Scale Production Of Ovotransferrin From Egg White D. U. Ahn, E. J. Lee and A. Pometto Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames,

More information

Shaklee 180. Frequently Asked Questions. The Shaklee 180 Program and Special Diet Needs

Shaklee 180. Frequently Asked Questions. The Shaklee 180 Program and Special Diet Needs Q. What is the Weight-Loss Program and why is it different from other weightmanagement systems and diets? A. is clinically tested weight-loss products and a program that takes you from your before to your

More information

How to fine-tune your wine

How to fine-tune your wine How to fine-tune your wine Fining agents help remove undesirable elements or compounds to improve the quality of wine. Fining is not just used in wines for bottle preparation, in some cases there are more

More information

The Kahai Tree Caryodendron orinocense Karsten

The Kahai Tree Caryodendron orinocense Karsten Amazon Almond The Kahai Tree Caryodendron orinocense Karsten is an Amazon tree that grows wild along the eastern base of the Andes mountains in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru. This majestic tree

More information

Varietal Specific Barrel Profiles

Varietal Specific Barrel Profiles RESEARCH Varietal Specific Barrel Profiles Beaulieu Vineyard and Sea Smoke Cellars 2006 Pinot Noir Domenica Totty, Beaulieu Vineyard Kris Curran, Sea Smoke Cellars Don Shroerder, Sea Smoke Cellars David

More information

Why CACTUS PEARS? A perspective on South African spineless cactus pears: research and development

Why CACTUS PEARS? A perspective on South African spineless cactus pears: research and development A perspective on South African spineless cactus pears: research and development Maryna de Wit University of the Free State International workshop 27-28 / 01 / 2015 Why CACTUS PEARS? - Drought tolerant

More information

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ovomucin and the Functional and Structural Characteristics of Peptides in the Hydrolysates

Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ovomucin and the Functional and Structural Characteristics of Peptides in the Hydrolysates Animal Industry Report AS 663 ASL R3128 2017 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Ovomucin and the Functional and Structural Characteristics of Peptides in the Hydrolysates Sandun Abeyrathne Iowa State University Hyun

More information

Decolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using in Cosmetics

Decolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using in Cosmetics International Journal of Sciences Research Article (ISSN 235-3925) Volume 1, Issue Oct 212 http://www.ijsciences.com Decolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using

More information

THE INTRODUCTION OF ASPARTAME

THE INTRODUCTION OF ASPARTAME THE INTRODUCTION OF ASPARTAME A) INTRODUCTION : 1. Aspartame was an accidental discovery by Mr. James Schlatter, a chemist from the company, M/s. G.D. Searle & Company in the year 1965. 2. G.D. Searle

More information

Red Wine and Cardiovascular Disease. Does consuming red wine prevent cardiovascular disease?

Red Wine and Cardiovascular Disease. Does consuming red wine prevent cardiovascular disease? Red Wine and Cardiovascular Disease 1 Lindsay Wexler 5/2/09 NFSC 345 Red Wine and Cardiovascular Disease Does consuming red wine prevent cardiovascular disease? Side 1: Red wine consumption prevents cardiovascular

More information

Oregon Wine Advisory Board Research Progress Report

Oregon Wine Advisory Board Research Progress Report Grape Research Reports, 1996-97: Fermentation Processing Effects on Anthocyanin and... Page 1 of 10 Oregon Wine Advisory Board Research Progress Report 1996-1997 Fermentation Processing Effects on Anthocyanin

More information

ACTIVE BEAUTY FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS

ACTIVE BEAUTY FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS ACTIVE BEAUTY FRAGRANCES & INGREDIENTS AUSTRALIAN PHENOLIC RICH PHYTONUTRIENTS FOR COSMECEUTICAL APPLICATIONS PRODUCT OVERVIEW www.botanicalinnovations.com.au BOTANICAL INNOVATIONS NEW FLAVOURS,FRAGRANCES,

More information

A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO TEA. Types of Tea, Best Steeping Practices and Natural Health Benefits

A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO TEA. Types of Tea, Best Steeping Practices and Natural Health Benefits A BEGINNER S GUIDE TO TEA Types of Tea, Best Steeping Practices and Natural Health Benefits What is Tea? Tea comes from the plant, Camellia Sinensis. It s a sub-tropical plant that grows best in acidic

More information

5/13/16. Oxygen Depletion. Wine Oxidation Reactions. Consumed SO2 Versus Consumed O2 in Bottle Aging

5/13/16. Oxygen Depletion. Wine Oxidation Reactions. Consumed SO2 Versus Consumed O2 in Bottle Aging 5/13/16 Wine Flavor 101C: Managing Oxygen for Wine Composition and Stability Consumed Versus Consumed O2 in Bottle Aging Annegret Cantu Professor A.L. Waterhouse Oxygen Depletion Wine has an inherent ability

More information

What happens with the strawberry during processing and subsequent storage?

What happens with the strawberry during processing and subsequent storage? What happens with the strawberry during processing and subsequent storage? Kjersti Aaby Nofima Food, Matforsk as Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Norway Background and aims of the study Diets

More information

SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) Dr. Bruce Zoecklein

SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) Dr. Bruce Zoecklein SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2) Learning Outcomes: The reader will understand the three functions of sulfur dioxide in juice and wine: as an enzyme inhibitor, an antioxidant, and an antimicrobial agent. In the absence

More information

KEY STEPS OF ROSE WINEMAKING. Eglantine Chauffour, Enartis USA

KEY STEPS OF ROSE WINEMAKING. Eglantine Chauffour, Enartis USA KEY STEPS OF ROSE WINEMAKING Eglantine Chauffour, Enartis USA ROSE: WHAT DO YOU EXPECT? ROSÉ WINEMAKING PROCESS SPECIFICITIES OF ROSÉ WINEMAKING PRE FERMENTATION STEPS OXYGEN MANAGEMENT AROMA PRODUCTION

More information

L-Theanine: How a Unique Anxiety Reducer and Mood Enhancer Increases Alpha Waves and Alertness

L-Theanine: How a Unique Anxiety Reducer and Mood Enhancer Increases Alpha Waves and Alertness L-Theanine: How a Unique Anxiety Reducer and Mood Enhancer Increases Alpha Waves and Alertness by Carolyn Perrini, CLS, CNC Hundreds of studies exist showing the many health benefits of green tea. But

More information

RESOLUTION OIV-OENO MONOGRAPH ON GLUTATHIONE

RESOLUTION OIV-OENO MONOGRAPH ON GLUTATHIONE RESOLUTION OIV-OENO 571-2017 MONOGRAPH ON GLUTATHIONE THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, IN VIEW OF Article 2, paragraph 2 iv of the Agreement of 3 April 2001 establishing the International Organisation of Vine and

More information

Our oil is mined in Sri Lanka, always caring for the environment and being sustainable production.

Our oil is mined in Sri Lanka, always caring for the environment and being sustainable production. INTRODUCTION Our coconut oil Naturseed extracted from fresh coconuts by cold pressing, so we managed to keep all the coconut properties NO pesticides. NO refined. NO hidrogenayt el aceite. NO GMO, No genetically

More information

Food & Beverages Training

Food & Beverages Training Food & Beverages Training Fruit of the Earth & Active Life Fruit of the Earth CTC & Long leaf Tea A harmonious mix of large grain C.T.C. and long leaf Assam orthodox tea which offers you the togetherness

More information

Separation of Ovotransferrin and Ovomucoid from Chicken Egg White

Separation of Ovotransferrin and Ovomucoid from Chicken Egg White Animal Industry Report AS 662 ASL R3105 2016 Separation of and from Chicken Egg White Sandun Abeyrathne Iowa State University Hyunyong Lee Iowa State University, hdragon@iastate.edu Dong U. Ahn Iowa State

More information

Mulberry Assorted. Morus rubra, Morus alba, Morus nigra. (a) Morus rubra red mulberry. Female flowers. Male flowers. (b) Morus alba white mulberry

Mulberry Assorted. Morus rubra, Morus alba, Morus nigra. (a) Morus rubra red mulberry. Female flowers. Male flowers. (b) Morus alba white mulberry Mulberry Assorted Morus rubra, Morus alba, Morus nigra (a) Morus rubra red mulberry Female flowers (b) Morus alba white mulberry Male flowers (c) Morus nigra black mulberry Female flower Common names Origin

More information

Studies on Fortification of Solar Dried Fruit bars

Studies on Fortification of Solar Dried Fruit bars Studies on Fortification of Solar Dried Fruit bars G. Sarojini, V. Veena, M. Ramakrishna Rao Society for Energy, Environment & Development, Hyderabad - 500 033. Ph-91 40-23608892 / 23547137 Email: seed23608892@rediffmail.com

More information

Natural Dough Relaxation

Natural Dough Relaxation Your Partner in Flour & Baking Technology Natural Dough Relaxation Using Inactive Yeast By Ernst Benier Pressed Wheat Tortillas and the need for dough relaxation Process: Developed dough Short rest 5 10

More information

Smart Choice For Smart Chefs. Better Ingredients Better Life

Smart Choice For Smart Chefs. Better Ingredients Better Life Smart Choice For Smart Chefs Better Ingredients Better Life Date Paste, Syrup, Honey Date Paste, Date Syrup, Date Honey are the natural and highly nutritious ingredients for the confectionery and bakery

More information

NomaSense PolyScan. Analysisof oxidizable compounds in grapes and wines

NomaSense PolyScan. Analysisof oxidizable compounds in grapes and wines NomaSense PolyScan Analysisof oxidizable compounds in grapes and wines Oxidizablecompounds GSH SO 2 Reaction with volatile sulfur compounds Reaction with amino acids Loss of varietal thiols Modulation

More information

STABILIZATION OPTIONS. For Sweet Wines before Bottling

STABILIZATION OPTIONS. For Sweet Wines before Bottling STABILIZATION OPTIONS For Sweet Wines before Bottling Sugar-Sugar Top source of carbon Excellent seller of wine Brings balance to wine with high acidity/astringency Promotes peace, comfort and wellbeing

More information

Christian Butzke & Jill Blume enology.butzke.com

Christian Butzke & Jill Blume enology.butzke.com Christian Butzke & Jill Blume butzke@purdue.edu 765.494.6500 enology.butzke.com Chemistry Sensory Causes Prevention-Management-Removal Reduction Oxidation Volatile Acidity Nailpolish Brettanomyces Buttery

More information

Japan, Chocolate, Vegetable fats, Chocolate standards

Japan, Chocolate, Vegetable fats, Chocolate standards 1 SCI LECTURE PAPERS SERIES THE VIEW FROM JAPAN I Nakamura 1 and H Kida 2 1. Fuji Oil Europe, Kuhlmannlaan 36, B-9042 Gent, Belgium 2. Fuji Oil Co., Ltd., 1 Sumiyoshi-cho, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan 2003

More information

Polly Wedlock Phytotherapy 4 Lab Report. 1. Introduction

Polly Wedlock Phytotherapy 4 Lab Report. 1. Introduction Analysis of the antioxidant activity and phenolic content of aqueous extracts of Camellia sinensis 1. Introduction Though often quoted, the story of Chinese emperor King Shen Nong (ca. 2700 BC) consuming

More information

P. Rajendran 1 *, R. Bharathidasan 2

P. Rajendran 1 *, R. Bharathidasan 2 Standardization and Preservation of Sugarcane Juice by Hurdle Technology P. Rajendran 1 *, R. Bharathidasan 2 1* Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, Maruthupandiyar College, Thanjavur-613403,

More information

Improved Storage Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ionizing Radiation

Improved Storage Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ionizing Radiation Improved Storage Life of Fruits and Vegetables by Ionizing Radiation By KUNIYASU OGATA Professor, Laboratory of Processing and Physiology of Horticultural Products, College of Agriculture, University of

More information

Cheryl Walker Analytical Development Technologist Britvic Soft Drinks

Cheryl Walker Analytical Development Technologist Britvic Soft Drinks Cheryl Walker Analytical Development Technologist Britvic Soft Drinks Natural colours - some thoughts on the challenges they bring and mitigating factors to protect product from change and shortened shelf

More information

Marine algae R&D activities at Matís. Dr. Hordur G. Kristinsson Director of Research Matís Iceland

Marine algae R&D activities at Matís. Dr. Hordur G. Kristinsson Director of Research Matís Iceland Marine algae R&D activities at Matís Dr. Hordur G. Kristinsson Director of Research Matís Iceland Our seaweed interest Bioactive ingredients Traditional products Food product development 15.05.2012 Nordic

More information

25 + Health Benefits Of Coffee. By Chef K.T. Murphy

25 + Health Benefits Of Coffee. By Chef K.T. Murphy 25 + Health Benefits Of Coffee By Chef K.T. Murphy Disclaimer: This publication is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Medical advice should always be obtained from a

More information

Types of Sanitizers. Heat, w/ water or steam to saturate effect

Types of Sanitizers. Heat, w/ water or steam to saturate effect Types of Sanitizers Heat, w/ water or steam to saturate effect Very effective anti-microbial, except some encysted forms Exposure time critical Non-corrosive, but energy intensive Chemical Effectiveness

More information

Fall Detox Guide. 3-Day Plan to Boost Your Health this Fall

Fall Detox Guide. 3-Day Plan to Boost Your Health this Fall Fall Detox Guide 3-Day Plan to Boost Your Health this Fall Fall is a natural time of transition, which makes it ideal for a gentle detox cleanse that will reset your body and mind while priming you for

More information

Recovery of Health- Promoting Proanthocyanidins from Berry Co- Products by Alkalization

Recovery of Health- Promoting Proanthocyanidins from Berry Co- Products by Alkalization Recovery of Health- Promoting Proanthocyanidins from Berry Co- Products by Alkalization Luke Howard Brittany White Ron Prior University of Arkansas, Department of Food Science Berry Health Benefits Symposium

More information

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CO-INOCULATION

INSTRUCTIONS FOR CO-INOCULATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR CO-INOCULATION Preliminary Considerations Objective of this protocol is to promote malolactic fermentation in conjunction with alcoholic fermentation. 1. Work within a temperature range

More information

Effects of Acai Berry on Oatmeal Cookies

Effects of Acai Berry on Oatmeal Cookies Jessica Dooley and Jennifer Gotsch FN 453 Team Project Written Report Effects of Acai Berry on Oatmeal Cookies Abstract: Oxidative stress can cause many diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and stoke.

More information

Evaluation of Quality Characteristics and Microbial Contamination of Saffron Samples Dried by Microwave

Evaluation of Quality Characteristics and Microbial Contamination of Saffron Samples Dried by Microwave Evaluation of Quality Characteristics and Microbial Contamination of Saffron Samples Dried by Microwave Marzieh Hosseini Nejad Department of Food Technology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and

More information

Effect of Charcoal Application to Early Growth Stage of Acaia mangium

Effect of Charcoal Application to Early Growth Stage of Acaia mangium Effect of Charcoal Application to Early Growth Stage of Acaia mangium Carbon Fixing Forests Management in Indonesia Chairil Anwar Siregar, Nobuo Ishibashi, Tsuyosi Kato, N.M. Herianto, and Kazuya Ando

More information

1. Determine which types of fruit are susceptible to enzymatic browning.

1. Determine which types of fruit are susceptible to enzymatic browning. Food Explorations Lab I: Enzymatic Reactions STUDENT LAB INVESTIGATIONS Name: Lab Overview There are two parts to this investigation. In Part A, you will observe and compare three types of fruit for enzymatic

More information

Bag-In-Box Package Testing for Beverage Compatibility

Bag-In-Box Package Testing for Beverage Compatibility Bag-In-Box Package Testing for Beverage Compatibility Based on Proven Plastic Bottle & Closure Test Methods Standard & Analytical Tests Sensory evaluation is subjective but it is the final word or approval.

More information

AN ENOLOGY EXTENSION SERVICE QUARTERLY PUBLICATION

AN ENOLOGY EXTENSION SERVICE QUARTERLY PUBLICATION The Effects of Pre-Fermentative Addition of Oenological Tannins on Wine Components and Sensorial Qualities of Red Wine FBZDF Wine. What Where Why How 2017 2. October, November, December What the authors

More information

McDonald s Australia McCafe Allergen - Ingredients - Nutrition Information

McDonald s Australia McCafe Allergen - Ingredients - Nutrition Information McDonald s Australia McCafe Allergen - Ingredients - Nutrition Information Information correct as at August 2017. At McDonald's we believe in the nutritional principals of balance, variety and moderation

More information

Christian Butzke Enology Professor.

Christian Butzke Enology Professor. Christian Butzke Enology Professor butzke@purdue.edu www.indyinternational.org www.indianaquality.org SO 2 & Sorbate Management Oxygen Management Skin Contact Time Residual Nutrients Temperature, ph &

More information

1-Methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP): An alternative for controlled atmosphere storage of South African export avocados

1-Methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP): An alternative for controlled atmosphere storage of South African export avocados South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook. 2002. 25:25-34 25 1-Methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP): An alternative for controlled atmosphere storage of South African export avocados D Lemmer, F J Kruger,

More information

INDICE. - Gold Imperial - Gold Imperial Rosé - Gold Imperial Blue.

INDICE. - Gold Imperial - Gold Imperial Rosé - Gold Imperial Blue. INDICE - Gold Imperial - Gold Imperial Rosé - Gold Imperial Blue www.vinafragrance.eu BRUT GRAN RESERVA Viña Fragrance D'or Brut Reserve is a sparkling wine from natural Macabeo, Xarel'lo, Parellada and

More information

Preferred by the Japanese over Imported Beef

Preferred by the Japanese over Imported Beef Wagyu Beef Aroma in Wagyu (Japanese Black Cattle) Beef Preferred by the Japanese over Imported Beef Masanori MATSUISHI, Mitsuhiro FUJIMORI and Akihiro OKITANI Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science,

More information

Winemaking and Sulfur Dioxide

Winemaking and Sulfur Dioxide Winemaking and Sulfur Dioxide Prepared and Presented by: Frank Schieber, Amateur Winemaker MoundTop MicroVinification Vermillion, SD www.moundtop.com schieber@usd.edu Outline: Sulfur Dioxide (Free SO 2

More information

Description of the plant: Family: Solanaceae. Description:

Description of the plant: Family: Solanaceae. Description: INKA CAPULI is a Natural Ingredient preservative free, organic certifiable, based on the highly functional fruit Goldenberry (Physalis peruviana) which was known and used as medicinal plant by the Pre

More information

CHICKEN AND CORN BREAD NUTRITIONAL BREAD MAKING Challenge Bake & Dine

CHICKEN AND CORN BREAD NUTRITIONAL BREAD MAKING Challenge Bake & Dine RECIPE CHICKEN AND CORN BREAD NUTRITIONAL BREAD MAKING Challenge Bake & Dine Dean TILDEN AUSTRALIA Perfect preparation and practice prevents poor performance Bake and Dine Challenge (1) Name of the dish

More information

Tartrate Stability. Mavrik North America Bob Kreisher, Ph.D

Tartrate Stability. Mavrik North America Bob Kreisher, Ph.D Tartrate Stability Mavrik North America Bob Kreisher, Ph.D Tartrate Stability Potassium bitartrate = KHT Tartrate Stability: Absence of visible crystals (precipitation) after extended time at a reference

More information

Monophenols in beer. by Femke Sterckx. XIVth Chair J. De Clerck 14 September 2012

Monophenols in beer. by Femke Sterckx. XIVth Chair J. De Clerck 14 September 2012 Monophenols in beer by Femke Sterckx XIVth Chair J. De Clerck 14 September 2012 Monophenols in beer: overview Vanilla flavour in beer and relation with monophenols Flavour-activity of monophenols thresholds,

More information

Step 1: Brownie batter was prepared for each oil variation following the recipe on the Betty Crocker brownie mix box.

Step 1: Brownie batter was prepared for each oil variation following the recipe on the Betty Crocker brownie mix box. Title: The effects of substituting coconut oil in brownies Abstract: In baking brownies, canola oil was replaced with coconut oil in the same amount to test the effect on texture, flavor and overall satisfaction.

More information

TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET: CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKE - LIQUOR TREATMENT

TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET: CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKE - LIQUOR TREATMENT TECHNICAL INFORMATION SHEET: CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKE - LIQUOR TREATMENT PRODUCT NAME: CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKE PRODUCT CODE: CALCHLF COMMODITY CODE: 25201000 PACKAGING: 5 AND 25 KG Description Calcium Chloride

More information

MATURITY AND RIPENING PROCESS MATURITY

MATURITY AND RIPENING PROCESS MATURITY MATURITY AND RIPENING PROCESS MATURITY It is the stage of fully development of tissue of fruit and vegetables only after which it will ripen normally. During the process of maturation the fruit receives

More information

Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. //, No. +,, 0.* 0.. (,**2) ,**1

Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. //, No. +,, 0.* 0.. (,**2) ,**1 640 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. //, No. +,, 0.* 0.. (,**2) 58, + * * +33* + * Changes in Catechin Content and Superoxide Anion Scavenging Activity of Goishi Tea During Manufacturing Tomoko

More information

Pomegranates at the University of Georgia Ponder Farm (Tifton)

Pomegranates at the University of Georgia Ponder Farm (Tifton) Pomegranates at the University of Georgia Ponder Farm (Tifton) Juan C. Díaz-Pérez, D. MacLean, A. Bateman and H.S. Sidhu Dept. of Horticulture University of Georgia Fruit quality and nutritional value

More information

VWT 272 Class 10. Quiz 9. Number of quizzes taken 24 Min 11 Max 30 Mean 26.5 Median 28 Mode 30

VWT 272 Class 10. Quiz 9. Number of quizzes taken 24 Min 11 Max 30 Mean 26.5 Median 28 Mode 30 VWT 272 Class 10 Quiz 9 Number of quizzes taken 24 Min 11 Max 30 Mean 26.5 Median 28 Mode 30 Lecture 10 Some Chemical Structures and the Sulfur Dioxide Family The difference between professional winemakers

More information

WINE STABILIZATION AND FINING. Misha T. Kwasniewski

WINE STABILIZATION AND FINING. Misha T. Kwasniewski WINE STABILIZATION AND FINING Misha T. Kwasniewski Email:kwasniewskim@missouri.edu Reasons to Fine Adjust Flavor Remove astringency Adjust Color Remove unwanted aroma Enhance wine Stability Remove additive

More information

REVIEW Breeding a High-Lignan-Content Sesame Cultivar in the Prospect of Promoting Metabolic Functionality

REVIEW Breeding a High-Lignan-Content Sesame Cultivar in the Prospect of Promoting Metabolic Functionality JARQ 4 (), () http://www.jircas.affrc.go.jp REVIEW Breeding a High-Lignan-Content Sesame Cultivar in the Prospect of Promoting Metabolic Functionality Satoko YASUMOTO 1 * and Masumi KATSUTA Department

More information