FBy JOHN C. WALLER. Feeding programs often include byproducts

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1 FBy JOHN C. WALLER Waller is a beef cattle nutritionist, University of Tennessee. Feeding programs often include byproducts and unusual feedstuffs to provide key nutrients to animals. The data presented in the Table should be considered as a guide to nutrient content rather than a precise statement of nutrient composition. Because many of the feedstuffs are byproducts, they are, by the nature of their origin, often subject to variation in composition. Other factors that contribute to the wide variation in nutrient composition of these feedstuffs are growing conditions, harvest conditions, post harvest processing, storage and handling. The following abbreviations are used in the Table: ADF is acid detergent fiber; Ca is calcium; CF is crude fiber; CP is crude protein; DE is digestible energy; DM is dry matter; EE is ether extract (crude fat); K is potassium; Mcal is megacalorie; Mech-extd is mechanically extracted; Mg is magnesium; NEg is net energy for gain; NEl is net energy for lactation; NEm is net energy for maintenance; NFE is nitrogen-free extract; P is phosphorus; Solv-extd is solvent extracted, and TDN is total digestible nutrients. A dash indicates there is no information available. Energy values marked with an asterisk in the table were calculated from chemical analysis data when actual energy values were not available from digestion trials. The values were then reduced 10% to provide a safety factor when using them for ration formulation. The following formulas were used (all constituents on a DM basis): (1) %TDN = 1.15 CP% EE% CF% NDF% NFE% (2) NEl (Mcal/lb.) = ( TDN% ) * (3) DE (Mcal/lb.) = CP% EE% CF% NFE% NFE% (4) NEm (Mcal/lb.) = DE (Mcal/lb.) (5) NEg (Mcal/lb.) = DE (Mcal/lb.) DE (Mcal/lb.) Several items listed in this Table have been included in the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, seventh revised edition (2001) and in the Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, update (2000). Both of these references include estimates for soluble nitrogen, rumen degradable protein, rumen undegradable protein, amino acids, minerals and vitamins. 18 Feedstuffs, September 14, 2011 Byproducts and unusual feedstuffs As DM basis Feedstuff (% DM) (%) (Mcal/lb.) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Acorns Acorns, white oak Alder leaves, sun-cured Alfalfa seed screenings Alfileria Almond hulls, 13% CF Almond hulls, 15% CF Almond hulls and shells, 20% CF Apple pomace, dried Apple pulp silage Apples Apricots, dried Artichoke silage Artichoke tubers Artichoke, aerial part Asparagus butts, dried Aspen leaves, sun-cured Avocado oil meal Avocado seeds Avocado skins Babassu meal, mech-extd Babassu meal, solv-extd Bahiagrass hay, mature, sun-cured Bakery waste, dried Banana skins, dried, ground Bananas Bananas, dried Barley bran Barley distillers dried grains Barley malt sprouts Barley middlings Barley mill run Barley screenings Barley straw Barley, pearl, byproduct Barley, sprouted 5 days Bean hulls, velvet Bean pods w/seeds, carob Bean pods w/seeds, mesquite, dried * 0.65* 0.64* 0.32* Bean pods w/seeds, velvet Bean pods, broad, dried, ground Bean pods, broad, sun-cured Bean pods, carob Bean pods, lima * 0.56* 0.54* 0.22*

2 Bean pods, velvet Bean straw Bean straw meal * 0.44* 0.39* 0.05* Bean straw meal, lima * 0.52* 0.49* 0.16* Bean straw, broad Bean straw, green Bean straw, kidney Bean straw, lima Beans, algaroba * 0.64* 0.63* 0.31* Beans, blackeye * 0.77* 0.78* 0.47* Beans, broad or horse Beans, butter * 0.76* 0.77* 0.46* Beans, cannery residue * 0.75* 0.76* 0.45* Beans, carob Beans, carob, ground Beans, common, cracked * 0.71* 0.71* 0.40* Beans, field or navy Beans, green Beans, horse Beans, horse, ground * 0.76* 0.78* 0.46* Beans, horse, hulled * 0.80* 0.82* 0.51* Beans, kidney Beans, lima Beans, locust Beans, mung Beans, navy Beans, pinto Beans, tepary Beans, velvet Beet crowns w/tops, sugar, silage Beet crowns, sugar Beet pulp, dried Beet pulp, molasses dried Beet pulp, silage Beet tailings silage, sugar * 0.51* 0.47* 0.15* Beet tops, mangels Beet tops, red Beet tops, sugar Beets, common Beets, mangels Beets, red Bread, dried Bread, waste Brewers dried grains, Calif Brewer dried grain 25% CP Brewers grains, wet Broccoli Brussels sprouts Buckwheat Buckwheat middlings Cabbage Cabbage leaves Cabbage powder, dried * 0.70* 0.70* 0.39* Cactus, prickly pear Cactus, spineless * 0.49* 0.46* 0.13* Canarygrass hay Canola seed Cantaloupe Caraway seeds, unspec-extn, ground Carrot pulp * 0.64* 0.64* 0.32* Carrot tops Carrots Cassava roots, dried, ground Cauliflower Celery Celery powder, dried * 0.52* 0.50* 0.17* Cereal byproduct Cheese, cottage Cherry leaves, black, sun-cured Chestnut meats Chickpeas (garbanzo beans), dried Chocolate byproduct Citrus pulp September 14, 2011, Feedstuffs 19

3 Citrus pulp, dried Citrus pulp, silage Clover seed screenings Clover seed, bur * 0.59* 0.57* 0.25* Clover seed, sweet Coconut meal, mech-extd Coconut meal, solv-extd Coconut meats, dried Coffee grounds Coffee hulls (coffee chaff) Comfrey, prickly Cookie byproduct Corn bran Corn cobs, ground Corn distillers dried solubles Corn distillers dried grains with solubles Corn distillers stillage Corn ears, ground Corn gluten feed Corn gluten meal, 60% protein Corn stover Corn, broom * 0.80* 0.83* 0.52* Corn, cannery waste Corn, cannery waste, silage Corn, Egyptian * 0.86* 0.90* 0.59* Corn, Egyptian brown * 0.86* 0.90* 0.59* Corn, kafir Corn, screenings Cotton gin trash Cottonseed hulls Cottonseed meal 41% CP, mech-extd Cottonseed meal 41% CP, solv-extd Cottonseed meal 50% CP, solv-extd Cottonseed, whole Cottonseed, whole, extruded Cottonseed, whole, without lint Cowpea hay, sun-cured Crab waste meal Crambe meal, solv-extd Crambe meal, mech-extd Cranberry pulp meal Crawfish waste meal Date seeds, ground Durra, brown Durra, white Dyna-ferm Eggs w/o shells, dried Fat Feather meal, hydrolyzed Fenugreek seed * 0.74* 0.75* 0.44* Feterita * 0.89* 0.93* 0.61* Figs, dried Filaree, mature, dried Fish meal Fish solubles, dried Flax hulls Flax seed screenings Flax seeds Glycerol (glycerin) Grain dust Grape meal, dried Grape pomace, dried Grape pomace, w/o stems, dried Grape seeds * 0.53* 0.51* 0.18* Grape/pear/apple pomace, dried Grapefruit Grapefruit pulp, dried Hegari fodder Hegari stover Hempseed * 0.95* 1.00* 0.68* Hop leaves Hop vine silage Hops spent Feedstuffs, September 14, 2011

4 Malva * 0.60* 0.58* 0.26* Manure, cage layer, dried Manure, cattle, dried Melon seeds, citron * 0.66* 0.66* 0.34* Melons Melons, pie Milk, buttermilk Milk, buttermilk, dried, feed-grade Milk, cattle, skim Milk, cattle, skim, dried Milk, cattle, whole Milk, cattle, whole, dried Milk, colostrum Millet hulls Millet seeds Mint slug silage Molasses, beet Molasses, cane Molasses, cane, 3% H3PO Molasses, citrus Molasses, wood (Masonex) Oat hay Oat hulls Oat middlings Oat mill byproduct Oat mill feed Oat shorts Oat straw Oats, sprouted 5 days Olive pulp w/ pits, dried Olive pulp w/o pits, dried Olive pulp w/o pits, solv-extd Olive waste, dried Olives, cull Onion waste, dried * 0.63* 0.62* 0.30* Onions, dried * 0.59* 0.57* 0.25* Orange byproducts, dried * 0.73* 0.73* 0.42* Orange pulp, ammoniated, dried Orange pulp, dried Orange pulp, silage * 0.67* 0.66* 0.35* Orange pulp, wet Oranges Palm nut meal Parsnips Pea hay Pea meal, dried Pea pods, dried Pea vine silage Pea vine straw Peaches Peaches, dried Peanut hay, sun-cured Peanut hulls Peanut meal, mech-extd Peanut meal, solv-extd Peanut skins Pear pulp, dried, ground Pears Pears, cannery residue Peas, Canada, field * 0.73* 0.75* 0.43* Peas, cow * 0.77* 0.79* 0.47* Peas, cull, dried Peas, field Pineapple bran (pulp) Pineapple greenchop Pineapple juice presscake Pineapple stumpmeal Pineapple tops Pineapples Pomegranate pulp Potato meal, dried Potatoes, fresh Potatoes, dried September 14, 2011, Feedstuffs 21

5 Potato silage Prune mix Prunes, dried Prunes, w/pits Prunes, w/o pits Pumpkins Raisin pulp, dried Raisins, cull Rapeseed oilmeal, mech-extd (Canola meal) Rapeseed oilmeal, solv-extd (Canola meal) Rice bran, solv-extd Rice bran 13% fat Rice byproduct (bran and hulls) Rice hulls Rice middlings * 0.69* 0.69* 0.38* Rice polishings Rice straw Rutabaga tops Rutabaga tops, dried Rutabagas Rye bran Rye distillers dried grains Rye distillers dried grains w/solubles Rye distillers dried solubles * 0.72* 0.73* 0.41* Rye middlings Rye mill run Safflower hulls Safflower meal 20% CP, mech-extd Safflower meal 20% CP, solv-extd Safflower meal 42% CP, solv-extd Safflower seeds Sagebrush browse Saltgrass hay, sun-cured Screenings, grain, good grade Screenings, refuse Sesame meal, mech-extd Sesame oil cake * 0.93* 0.98* 0.67* Sesame seeds Shrimp waste meal Sloughgrass, American, hay, mature, sun-cured Sorghum distillers dried grains w/solubles Sorghum distillers dried grains Sorghum distillers dried solubles Sorghum gluten feed, dried Sorghum silage, 30% DM Sorghum stover, dried Sorrel seeds * 0.70* 0.70* 0.39* Soybean hay, sun-cured Soybean hulls Soybean meal, 44% CP solv-extd Soybean meal, 48% CP solv-extd Soybean mill feed, ground Soybean mill run Soybean silage Soybean straw Soybeans, whole Sugarcane bagasse Sugarcane strippings Sunflower meal, mech-extd Sunflower meal, solv-extd Sunflower seeds Sunflower seeds w/o hulls Sweet potato meal Sweet potato tops * 0.50* 0.46* 0.13* Sweet potato tops, dried Sweet potatoes Tangerine pulp, dried Tapioca meal (cassava, starch byproduct) 22 Feedstuffs, September 14, 2011

6 Tomato leaves w/stems * 0.47* 0.43* 0.09* Tomato pomace, dried Tomato pomace, silage * 0.66* 0.65* 0.34* Tomato skins w/juice, dried Tomatoes Turnip tops Turnips, fresh Vetch seeds Walnut meal, black Walnut meal, English Walnut meats, ground Watergrass seed * 0.71* 0.72* 0.41* Wheat bran Wheat chaff, sun-cured Wheat germ meal Wheat hay Wheat middlings Wheat mill run Wheat shorts, 7% CF Wheat straw Whey product, dried Whey dried Whey, condensed, 42% solids Whey, liquid Yeast, brewers, dried Yeast, torula, dried September 14, 2011, Feedstuffs 23