Optimized growth and preservation of energy crop

Transcription

1 Standortangepasste Anbausysteme für Energiepflanzen Optimized growth and preservation of energy crop M. Heiermann, C. Herrmann, C. Idler, V. Scholz Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim IEA/CROPGEN workshop 15 th Int. Biomass Conference Berlin, 8 th May 2007

2 Preservation of energy crops Overview EVA-Subproject IV Methods Results Conclusion

3 EVA-Subproject IV: Ensiling/Biogas process steps cultivation harvest ensilage biogas production influencing factors objectives plant species harvest time chopping length additives high yielding low losses duration of storage high gas production potential process conditions

4 Methods Lab scale silos 1.5-litre glass silos Storage: 25 C, 90 days Anaerobic digestion Batch test, 2.0-litre bottles Conditions: 35 C, 30 days

5 sunflower; n=4 fodder radish; n=20 J. artichoke haulm; n=16 Plant species - Biogas Silages (n=162) biogas yield [Nl/kg ODM] maize; n=32 spring barley; n=20 forage grass; n=16 spring rye; n=9 pea/oat/false flax; n=5 oat; n=8 sweet sorghum; n=4 forage sorghum; n=20

6 maize; n=32 J. artichoke haulm; n=16 Plant species - Methane Silages (n=162) methane content [Vol-%] 45 sun flower; n=4 pea/oat/false flax; n=5 forage grass; n=16 fodder radish; n=20 spring rye; n=9 sweet sorghum; n=4 forage sorghum; n=20 oat; n=8 spring barley; n=20

7 Plant species Harvest time Silages milk early dough milk early dough end of stem elongation inflorescence development of fruit ripening heading early dough flowering completed milk methane yield [Nl/kg ODM] spring rye oat/pea/ false flax Jerusalem artichoke sun flower forage sorghum sweet sorghum plant species / growth stages

8 Impact of ensiling process fresh material silage fodder radish J. artichoke n=20 n=1 n=5 n=7 n=2 n=4 n=4 n=16 n=2 n=4 n=5 n=4 n=2 n=8 n=12 n=32 CH4 yield [Nl/kg harvested material] n=5 n=20 n=2 n=16 n=4 n=20 Methane yield Y FM > Y Silage Y Silage > Y FM spring barley spring rye sweet sorghum forage grass sun flowers oat/pea/false flax oat maize forage sorghum

9 Ensiling process: Fermentation quality Plant species Very good [%] Maize 98 Good [%] Forage grass 92 8 Alfalfa/grass 100 Mean [%] Poor [%] Very poor [%] Spring rye Spring barley Oat Triticale Forage sorghum 100 Sweet sorghum 100 Sun flowers J. artichoke 100 Fodder radish Classsification according to DLG-code

10 Ensiling process: Additives Additives Active substance Effect MAIS KOFASIL LIQUID Chemical additive aerobic stability BIOSIL BONSILAGE PLUS SILASIL ENERGY Bacterial culture homofermentative strains Lactobacillus plantarum Homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria Selected homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria strains fermentation aerobic stability + fermentation enhanced acetic acid production

11 Ensiling process: Silage quality Additve DMcontent DMloss ph LA AA* BA** Alcohol [%FM] [%] [%DM] [%DM] [%DM] [%DM] None MAIS KOFASIL BIOSIL BONSILAGE PLUS SILASIL ENERGY * acetic- und propionic acid ** isobytric-, butric-, isocaproic-, caproic-, isovaleric-, valeric acid

12 Ensiling process: Additives Maize biogas yield [Nl/kg ODM] fresh matter silage no additive MAIS- KOFASIL BIOSIL BONSILAGE PLUS SILASIL ENERGY

13 Ensiling process: Additives Maize fresh matter silage no additive MAIS- KOFASIL BIOSIL BONSILAGE PLUS SILASIL ENERGY biogas yield [Nl/kg harvested material]

14 Ensiling: Duration of storage Maize + Additive 900 biogas yield [Nl/kg ODM] anaerobic storage [days]

15 Conclusion Numerous plant species are suitable for anaerobic digestion achieving high gas yields Variations of biogas yield within crop species depend on site-specific conditions, variety, cultivation intensity Maize is the preferable plant species followed by forage sorghum, triticale and spring barley Harvest time has an impact on methane formation process via chemical composition of plant material Maturity stage at harvest also affects biomass yield and ensiling process (fermentation quality) Additives investigated have a positive effect on silage quality and minimised DM-losses Investigated storage periods (up to 365 days) for whole crop silages show no negative effect on biogas yield

16 Standortangepasste Anbausysteme für Energiepflanzen Thank you! Proceedings "Parameters Influencing Substrate Quality and Biogas Yield" Poster Group IV: Visual Presentation VP T1.3 Wednesday, 9 May 16:45-18:10