Bio Control of Poa annua W. J. Johnston and C.T. Golob Crop & Soil Sciences Washington State University
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1 Bio Control of Poa annua W. J. Johnston and C.T. Golob Crop & Soil Sciences Washington State University NTA Conference Bandon, OR Oct. 30 Nov. 1, 2016
2 2015 Planet Turf - Jim Connolly Verdesian Life Sciences
3 2016 NTA Research/Education Grant Application Two Proposals: 1. Biological Control of Poa annua in Fairways 2. Poa annua Control in Fairways Chemical Programs NTA April 7, 2016 The Research Committee and Board feel that [the] two submitted studies are related closely enough to be considered as one study.
4 D7 biocontrol How it all started Poor growth of winter wheat in spring (Lloyd Elliott) Yellow winter wheat
5 Poor growth of winter wheat in spring High numbers of Pseudomonas on roots Toxin was selective against cultivars (Elliott) What about grass weeds? Control + Bacteria
6 Weed-Suppressive Bacteria Colonize residue/root Survive well at low temperatures Not competitive at warm temperatures Go dormant during hot, dry summer Produce plant-suppressive compounds Members of the genus Pseudomonas Research by Ann Kennedy, USDA, WSU
7 Plant-Suppressive Compounds No visible lesions No signs of pathogenicity Inhibit root cell elongation Interrupt tiller initiation Root stunting Reduce seedling vigor Reduce tiller number Reduce seed number
8 P.f. D7 colonization of root P.f. D7 on wheat seed P.f. D7 is carried down wheat root, intercepts and grows down downy brome root
9 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 Active Compound(s): Chromopeptide, peptides, fatty acid esters & polysaccharides All must be present for activity Reduces lipopolysaccharide production - No cell elongation Genes: Multiple loci (very unlikely to mutate)
10 SCREENING >10,000+ isolates Isolate Soil/Root Bacteria after freeze/thaw 100% Bioassay weed Does not inhibit weed Inhibits weed Control 50% Bioassay beneficial plants Bacteria Inhibits beneficial plants Does not inhibit weed or inhibits beneficial plants Does not inhibit beneficial plants 1% Test in greenhouse soil Inhibits weed, not beneficial plants 0.5% Field tests Does not inhibit weed, inhibits beneficial plants, or does not survive Inhibits weed, not beneficial plants Autoclave BIOCONTROL AGENT
11 Good match for Biocontrol Bacteria produces selective toxin at low temperatures that inhibits root growth Reduces competitiveness of weed in fall and spring Allows other plants to be more competitive
12 Species inhibited by P.f. D7 Downy brome California brome Mountain brome Jointed goatgrass Medusahead Greenhouse studies P.f. D7 DOES NOT INHIBIT Bromus tectorum Bromus carinatus Bromus marginatus Aegilops cylindrica Taeniatherum caput-medusae P.f. D7 inhibits some grasses, but little else
13 Characteristics: Invasive, competitive weeds Germinate in the fall and spring Competitive low temp root growth Produce many tillers and seed
14 Field Studies Winter wheat no-till planted Natural infestation of downy brome; Benge, WA Inoculated Plot Control Plot Downy brome was inhibited by bacteria in the field
15 % Reduction of Downy Brome WA Winter Wheat Field Trials P.f. D7 applied in fall as spray; counts taken following spring. 1% SOM 1% SOM 3% SOM 2% SOM Biomass * Tiller # Seed # No D7 Survived * = P < 0.05 P.f. D7 must survive to suppress downy brome
16 Herbicide efficacy - growers wanted weed reductions in first year one Years later - growers mention patch-work of cheatgrass and no cheatgrass in fields
17 Pasture Field Trials, Pullman, WA P.f. D7 applied as spray in fall Control Applied 2004 Pictures Bacteria
18 Cheatgrass Plants (Percent) Cheatgrass Reduction with P.f. D Saddle Mt, WA Rock Island, WA Colton, WA Pullman, WA P.f. D7 applied Over time, P.f.D7 and other plants reduced weed to near zero Years after application 5 replicate each site; P=0.05 for all years except t=0 6 7 Kennedy, Hansen, Stubbs (In preparation, 2011) 8
19 SCALE UP - Fermentors
20 Shelf Life Freeze- Dried Bacteria Vacuumed- Packed Bacteria Vacuum packed/frozen many years Vacuum packed/refrigerated 1 year Not vacuumed pack 3 months
21 D7 Pseudomonas fluorescens, strain D7*: % % % *Contains a minimum of 2x10 11 cells/g Pseudomonas fluorescens strain D7 EPA Reg. No EPA Est. No WA-001 Northwest Agricultural Products P.O. Box 3453 Pasco, WA (509) Net weight: 0.44 lb. (200 grams) Batch #
22 Jim Connolly - planet turf Verdesian Life Sciences
23 Early turfgrass research by A. Kennedy s group Palouse Ridge GC 2011 Downy bromegrass control in rough
24 2016 NTA Proposals: 1. Biological Control of Poa annua in Fairways 2. Poa annua Control in Fairways Chemical Programs
25 yr Study Chemical followed by Biocontrol Fall Biocontrol vs. Chemical Fall Spring Biocontrol vs. Chemical
26 3-year Biocontrol/Chemical Control Palouse Ridge G C D-7 1 app fall 2016; to be applied 3 rates (2, 10, and 30 g/a) Tenacity + Xonerate; 3 apps fall 4 and 1.4 fl oz/a PoaCure; 3 apps spring 2016, 2 so far in fall 1.26 fl oz/m
27 Percent change of Poa annua in a Kentucky bluegrass stand Tenacity 4 fl oz/a + Xonerate 1 oz/a + NIS Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Xonerate 2 oz/a + NIS
28 18 WAIT (September 6) CHECK Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Trimmit 16 fl oz/a + Turflon Ester Ultra 16 fl oz/a + NIS Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Xonerate 2 oz/a CHECK Herbicides applied May 2, May 23 and June 13
29 18 WAIT (September 6) Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Trimmit 16 fl oz/a + NIS Tenacity 4 fl oz/a + Xonerate 1 oz/a + NIS Tenacity 4 fl oz/a + Xonerate 1 oz/a + NIS Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Trimmit 16 fl oz/a + Turflon + NIS Herbicides applied May 2, May 23 and June 13
30 2011 NTEP Kentucky bluegrass trial. Tenacity (5 fl oz/a) and Xonerate (1.4 fl oz/a) applied; 3 applications Date: Spring 2014, 2015, and 2016
31 Tenacity/Xonerate treatments did not eliminate Poa but did result in significant reductions of Poa in the Kentucky bluegrass stand. However, the high level of Poa injury and depressions caused by the Tenacity 5 fl oz/a + Xonerate 2 oz/a treatment leaving pock marked fairways may result in undesirable playing conditions during the peak of the summer when play is highest. (Eventually KBG did grow into and fill these depressions by the end of the study). Tenacity 4 fl oz/a + Xonerate 1 oz/a also resulted in high levels of Poa reduction. However, this treatment did not cause Poa to quickly disappear, thus not creating open areas (depressions) in the fairway. This may be a more desirable Poa control option to consider in terms of playability. Complete Poa control was not achieved with any treatment in this study, therefore, a multi-year program may need to be looked at to possibly achieve this goal or maintain Poa at lower levels.
32 Methiozolin Moghu Research Center South Korea Registered for turf in Korea April 2010 PoaCure
33 Pine Ridge Country Club, South Korea >40% Poa annua After 3 apps
34 Long Island National Golf Club, NY Photo taken 5/16/15
35 Poa annua control with PoaCure on bentgrass greens 5% Poa 65% Poa 3 fl oz/1000 ft 2 (4 L/ha) at 2 week intervals; Fall 2011 Check Colfax Golf Course Picture taken
36 Annual Bluegrass Germination Test with D-7 and PoaCure CHECK D-7 2 g/a D-7 20 g/a PoaCure 4L/ha
37 Annual Bluegrass Emergence Test with D-7 and PoaCure 9 days after planting CHECK D-7 2 g/a D-7 20 g/a PoaCure 4L/ha
38 Annual Bluegrass Emergence Test with D-7 and PoaCure 25 days after planting CHECK D-7 2 g/a D-7 20 g/a PoaCure 4L/ha
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41 Perennial ryegrass Top Gun II planted 6/27/13 (20 weeks) after last PoaCure application. Picture taken at the 4 week emergence count: 7/24/13. CHECK 4L/ha 4L + 4L/ha 4L + 4L + 4L/ha 4 L/ha = 1.2 fl oz/1000 ft 2
42 Fall Applied PoaCure to Control Poa in KBG Seed Fields PI KBG Seed Increase TARC Plot CHECK
43 Fall Applied PoaCure to Control Poa in KBG Seed Fields PI KBG Seed Increase TARC Plot All PoaCure treatment - 2L, 4L, 2L + 2L, or 4L + 4L/ha controlled Poa annua Fall 2012
44 Questions? More WSU turfgrass information: TURF.WSU.EDU Updates on PoaCure research from different regions: Other questions regarding PoaCure, contact: PoaCure Development Manager - Kyung Han kyungmhan@moghu.com
45 WSU turf position Status update 1. Grass Ecology position a. Turf b. Seed 2. Turf Plots Moving again ; 3 rd time in one career Grass Ecology Research & Teaching Laboratory
46 WSU TARC
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48 Proposed site at the Palouse Ridge GC
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50 Interacting with the NTA has been a great. All the best! Thanks for the mentoring, support, and friendship. And one last Go Cougs!
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