101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Verbeaceae Taxo: Alosia citrodora Som: Alosia triphlla (L'Hér.) Britto Lippia citrodora Kuth Lippia triphlla (L'Hér.) Kutze Verbea triphlla L'Hér. Zappaia citrodora Lam. Commo Name: lemo verbea Zitroestrauch cidrão cedró verveie citroelle Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 1 of 9

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score 0 Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 2 of 9

3 Supportig Data: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s)? 2 - High] "Lemo-verbea is apparetl ative to Urugua ad orther Argetia ad is widel cultivated ad aturalized i ma warm coutries." [Qualit of climate match data? 2 - High] "Lemo-verbea is apparetl ative to Urugua ad orther Argetia ad is widel cultivated ad aturalized i ma warm coutries." Missouri Botaical Garde. Kemper Ceter [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Witer hard to USDA for Home Gardeig PlatFider - Alosia Zoe 8-10 where it is best grow i moist, light, well-draied fertile loams i full triphlla. su. " at.asp?code=c Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Verbeaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Ariaoutsou, M./Bazos, I./Delipetrou, P./Kokkoris, Y.. The alie flora of Greece: taxoom, life traits ad habitat prefereces. Biological Ivasios. 12: [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Sparigl spotaeous after cultivatio, PR; ative to South America, widel cultivated i tropical regios both for the flowers ad the aromatic leaves." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Lemo-verbea is apparetl ative to Urugua ad orther Argetia ad is widel cultivated ad aturalized i ma warm coutries." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage?? Yes] "widel cultivated i tropical regios both for the flowers ad the aromatic leaves." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No i East Africa] "Alosia triphlla The 'sweet-sceted or lemo-sceted Verbea' has bee cultivated i East Africa." [o evidece of aturalizatio] [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "Sparigl spotaeous after cultivatio, PR; ative to South America, widel cultivated i tropical regios both for the flowers ad the aromatic leaves." [Naturalized beod ative rage? Ukow i Greece] "Table 5 Checklist of alie plat species recorded i Greece" [Alosia citriodora = U alie of ukow aturalisatio status] Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 3 of 9

4 Marco, A./Laverge, S./Dutoit, T./Bertaudiere-Motes, V.. From the backard to the backcoutr: how ecological ad biological traits explai the escape of garde plats ito Mediterraea old fields. Biological Ivasios. 12: ehow. Is Lemo Verbea Ivasive? Gardeer, M./Guézou, A./Atkiso, R./Buddehage, C.. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Itroduced Plats. I: Bugartz, F. et al. (eds.). Charles Darwi Foudatio Galapagos Species Checklist. Charles Darwi Foudatio, Puerto Aora, Galapagos [Naturalized beod ative rage? Not i Frech Mediterraea] "Abstract To explai curret orametal plat ivasios, or predict future oes, it is ecessar to determie which factors icrease the probabilit of a alie species becomig ivasive. Here, we focused o the earl phases of orametal plat ivasio i order to idetif which plat features ad cultivatio practices ma favor the escape of orametal plats from domestic gardes to abadoed agricultural lad sites i the Mediterraea Regio. We used a origial approach which cosisted i visitig 120 private gardes i a urbaizig rural area of the Frech Mediterraea backcoutr, ad the visited surroudig old fields to determie which plated species had escaped out of the gardes. We built a database of 407 pereial orametal alie species (most of which were aimal dispersed), ad determied ietee features that depicted the stregth of species propagule pressure withi gardes, the match betwee species requiremets ad local phsical eviromet, ad each species reproductive characteristics. Usig stadard ad phlogeetic logistic regressio, we foud that orametal alie plats were more likel to have escaped if the were plated i gardes margis, if the had a preferece for dr soil, were tolerat to high-ph or ph-idifferet, ad if the showed a capacit for cloal growth. Focusig ol o aimaldispersed plats, we foud that alie plats were more likel to have escaped if the were abudat i gardes ad showed preferece for dr soil. This suggests that gardeig practices have a primar impact o the probabilit of a species to escape from cultivatio, alog with species pre-adaptatio to local soil coditios, ad capacit of asexual reproductio. Our results ma have importat implicatios for the implemetatio of maagemet practices ad awareess campaigs i order to limit orametal plats to becomig ivasive species i Mediterraea ladscapes...table 5. List of the pereial alie plat species escaped (=1) ad ot escaped (=0) i abadoed agricultural lads of Lauris village." [Alosia triphlla = 0, ot escaped i the Frech Mediterraea regio] [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "Lemo verbea has become a ivasive species i Europe ad the Americas. It grows ol where the weather is warm ad moist, however, so it has't become a overwhelmig problem." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No i Galapagos]"Alosia triphlla...origi: Itroduced, Cultivated. Galapagos Distributio: Sata Cruz" Plats for a Future Database. Alosia triphlla. PFAF, losia%20triphlla [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes but lackig further details] "Locall aturalized i the Mediterraea" Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R/Imada, C.T.. Surve of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai i. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 65: Gasso, N./Basou, C./Vila, M.. Predictig plat ivaders i the Mediterraea through a weed risk assessmet sstem. Biological Ivasios. 12: ehow. Is Lemo Verbea Ivasive? Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Alosia citriodora [Olie Database]. a/ Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R/Imada, C.T.. Surve of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai i. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 65: [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? Ukow] "Table 2. Aotated checklist of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai'i with dispersal sdrome" [listed as a potetial evirometal weed, but there is o evidece i the Hawaiia Islads, to date, that this species has aturalized or become ivasive] [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? Ukow] "Table 4. Species used to test if the Australia weed risk assessmet sstem (WRA) of Pheloug et al. (1999) was suitable to predict (A) 100 ivasive (A) ad (B) 97 casual species i Spai. The fial WRA score is give" [Alosia citrodora is listed as a casual species, ad scores a 7 i the WRA] [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? Ukow] "Lemo verbea, or Alosia triphlla is, ideed, a ivasive species i some parts of the world. However, it has ot become a overwhelmig problem, ad is usuall ol preset i gardes as a iteded plat ad ot as a weed." [evidece is icoclusive ad aecdotal] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece [Evirometal weed? No] "Table 2. Aotated checklist of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai'i with dispersal sdrome" [listed as a potetial evirometal weed, but there is o evidece i the Hawaiia Islads, to date, that this species has aturalized or become ivasive] Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 4 of 9

5 Cordo, H.A./Deloach, C.J.. Natural Eemies of the Ragelad Weed Whitebrush (Alosia gratissima: Verbeaceae) i South- America: Potetial for Biological Cotrol i the Uited States. Biological Cotrol Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico [Cogeeric weed? Yes] "Abstract Whitebrush, Alosia gratissima (Gill. Ad Hook.) Trocoso (Verbeaceae), is a weed of ragelads i the southwester Uited States. The geus Alosia probabl origiated i souther South America, with the ceter of evolutio i Argetia; A. gratissima is also ative there. We traveled 81,550 km i Argetia, Paragua, ad Brazil over a 6 ear period searchig for atural eemies that could be itroduced ito North America for biological cotrol of A. gratissima ad other weeds of ragelads. We foud 82 species of isects ad four plat pathoges o various species of Alosia, i additio to the 36 species of isects previousl reported from the plat geus. Promisig cadidates for further research for itroductio icluded a ew species of rust fugus, Prospodium tumefacies Lidquist that produces stem galls, a probable ew species of buprestid stem-borig beetle i the tribe Agrilii, a large crow-borig cerambcid beetle probabl i the geus Calocosmus, a scale i the geus Cerococcus, a oecophorid moth Timocratica sp. that feeds o bark, ad a twig girdlig cerambcid ear the geus Areicia. Ol the rust fugus was abudat eough i South America to cause much damage, but the other species might cause greater damage i North America if their ow parasites were elimiated before release." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Shrub to 3 m tall, the stem roughishpuberulet above, the braches sleder, striate; leaves i whorls or 3 or 4, laceolate, thi, resious-dotted beeath, short-petioled, etire or toothed at the middle, glabrous, lemo-sceted, 4-7 cm log, acumiate at apex, arrowed at base " WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? No] Well-studied, widel utilized plat with o evidece of allelopath Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico [Parasitic? No] Verbeaceae Crescet Bloom. Alosia citriodora. AI/Alosia%20citriodora.htm Plats for Use. Verbeaceae - Alosia Crescet Bloom. Alosia citriodora. AI/Alosia%20citriodora.htm Plats for Use. Verbeaceae - Alosia ehow. Is Lemo Verbea Toxic for Horses? Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] "Deer resistat: o" [Suggests plat is palatable to deer] [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] "Alosia citrodora...fresh lvs. are most prized for herb tea. Also as a garish, to flavor cold driks, fruit cups, salads, jellies, desserts. Verbea oil formerl distilled from the lvs. for use as perfumes ad to flavor soft driks & liqueurs. Expesive, ow largel replaced b lemograss...alosia gratissima...sheep & goats thrived o a Whitebrush diet for 3 moths or more. A calf became emaciated i 3 moths, a ass became emaciated & died i 3.5 moths. Ol horses showed ervous smptoms as well as emaciatio. I a moth ad a half, ataxia, weakess, paralsis, prostratio; death a week after oset of ervous smptoms. Various chages o post mortem. Poisoous priciple ukow, but preset i water extracts" [related species palatable, but possibl toxic, to aimals. Palatabilit of A. citriodora to aimals ukow] [Toxic to aimals? No] "Iteral poiso: o, Dermatologic poiso: o, Livestock poiso: o " [Toxic to aimals? No] "Alosia citrodora Fresh lvs. are most prized for herb tea. Also as a garish, to flavor cold driks, fruit cups, salads, jellies, desserts. Verbea oil formerl distilled from the lvs. for use as perfumes ad to flavor soft driks & liqueurs. Expesive, ow largel replaced b lemograss" [No evidece of toxicit to humas, or aimals] [Toxic to aimals? No] "Lemo verbea is grow for its hard ature ad strog citrus smell. A popular herb for flavorigs ad medicial uses, this plat has a variet of uses for both humas ad horses. Lemo verbea is completel otoxic to horses." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "It is susceptible to several fugal ifectios, ad its leaves are eate b caterpillars." Missouri Botaical Garde. Kemper Ceter [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "No serious isect or disease for Home Gardeig PlatFider - Alosia problems. Aphids, whiteflies, meal bugs ad spider mites ma appear." triphlla. at.asp?code=c962 Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 5 of 9

6 Shoot Gardeig. Alosia triphlla (Lemo verbea). [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "Pests: Geerall pest free; Diseases: Geerall disease free" Plats for a Future Database. Alosia triphlla. PFAF, [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "The essetial oil from the plat might sesitise the ski to sulight...leaves - occasioall cooked as a spiach[177] but more commol used as a flavourig i salads, fruit salads etc losia%20triphlla [14, 21, 104, 183]. A delicious lemo-like flavour, it is adored b most people who tr it[k]. A delicious ad refreshig tea is made from the leaves[14, 21, 103, 183]. The dried leaves will retai their lemo aroma for ma ears[4]." [o evidece from regular cotact with plat] Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece Africa - Verbeaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: Lemo Verbea, Verveie Odorate - Alosia triphlla Haso, B.. Desigig a herb garde. Brookl Botaic Garde, Brookl, NY Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: Lemo Verbea, Verveie Odorate - Alosia triphlla Lear 2 Grow. Plat Search - Alosia triphlla Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Verdcourt, B.. Flora of Tropical East Africa - Verbeaceae. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlads Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Cordo, H.A./Deloach, C.J.. Natural Eemies of the Ragelad Weed Whitebrush (Alosia gratissima: Verbeaceae) i South- America: Potetial for Biological Cotrol i the Uited States. Biological Cotrol. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? No] "Requiremets iclude full su ad a well-draied, loam soil with water as eeded to keep the soil moist but ot sogg." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? No] "Lemo verbea prefers a ear-eutral garde loam ad full su if grow outside " [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? No] "Su Exposure: Full Su" [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Lemo verbea requires full su ad a porous, loam soil." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Lemo verbea prefers a eareutral garde loam ad full su if grow outside " [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Soil ph requiremets: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildl acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (eutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildl alkalie)" [tolerates a arrow rage of soil ph] [[Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Possibl] "Lemo verbea grows best o well-draied, slightl poor alkalie soil but tolerates a rage of average soils." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Shrub to 3 m tall " [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "We have see A. wrightii growig i dese stads o moutai slopes i Mexico but ol i scattered stads i the Uited States I additio, two South America species, Alosia triphlla ad Alosia virgata are occasioall cultivated i the Uites States, Mexico, ad other coutries for their aromatic flowers ad attractive foliage " [No evidece that A. citriodora {s. A. triphlla) forms dese thickets] Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 6 of 9

7 Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico [Aquatic? No] "Shrub to 3 m tall " [Grass? No] Verbeaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Verbeaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Shrub to 3 m tall, the stem roughish-puberulet above, the braches sleder, striate; leaves i whorls or 3 or 4, laceolate, thi, resiousdotted beeath, short-petioled, etire or toothed at the middle, glabrous, lemosceted, 4-7 cm log, acumiate at apex, arrowed at base " WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] Morales, C.L./Galetto, L.. Ifluece of Compatibilit Sstem ad Life Form o Plat Reproductive Success. Plat Biolog. 5(5): Lear 2 Grow. Plat Search - Alosia triphlla Pawelek, J.C./Frakie, G.W./Thorp, R.W./Przblski, M.. Modificatio of a Commuit Garde to Attract Native Bee Polliators i Urba Sa Luis Obispo, Califoria. Cities ad the Eviromet. 2(1): [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Lemo-verbea ma be propagated b wood cuttigs or from seed..." [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Lemo verbea is best propagated b cuttigs from ew growth, although it ma also be grow from laers or seeds (i cooler climates, seeds do ot alwas full ripe)...fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] "Table 1. Breedig sstem ad atural fruit set of a sample of 32 species growig i the Chaco Serrao forests " [related species, Alosia gratissima, listed as self-compatible. Ukow for A. citriodora] [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] "Self-Sowig: No" [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Gardes have become icreasigl importat places for growig utritioal food, for coservig biodiversit, for biological ad ecological research ad educatio, ad for commuit gatherig. Gardes ca also be desiged with the goal of attractig specific wildlife, like birds ad butterflies, but polliators, like bees, ca also be draw to speciall plaed ad modified gardes. A commuit garde i Sa Luis Obispo, Califoria provided the settig for modificatio with the goal of attractig ative bee polliators b platig kow bee attractive plats. The local gardeers participated i a surve questioaire ad focused iterviews to provide their iput ad iterest i such a project. Presetatios o our work with ative bees i urba eviromets ad gardeig to attract bees were also give to iterested gardeers. Work of this tpe also beefited from a lead gardeer who maaged doated bee plats ad kept up mometum of the project. Modificatio of the garde ad moitorig of ative bees started i 2007 ad cotiued through the growig seaso of Diversit of collected ad observed ative bees has icreased each ear sice To date, 40 species i 17 geera of mostl ative bees has bee recorded from the garde, ad this umber is expected to icrease through time." Plats for a Future Database. Alosia triphlla. PFAF, losia%20triphlla [Requires specialist polliators? No] "The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male ad female orgas) ad are polliated b Isects." Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No] "Lemo-verbea ma be propagated b wood cuttigs or from seed..." Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 7 of 9

8 Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Shoot Gardeig. Alosia triphlla (Lemo verbea) Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R/Imada, C.T.. Surve of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai i. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 65: Liogier, H.A.. Descriptive Flora of Puerto Rico ad Adjacet Islads. Spermatophta, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No] "Lemo verbea is best propagated b cuttigs from ew growth, although it ma also be grow from laers or seeds " [No evidece] [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >4 ears] "Shrub to 3 m tall " [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >4 ears] "-10 ears to maturit" [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall? No] "Table 2. Aotated checklist of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai'i with dispersal sdrome" [Alosia citriodora dispersal sdrome U = Ukow, but o evidece of uitetioal dispersal or propagatio i heavil trafficked areas] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] " widel cultivated i tropical regios both for the flowers ad the aromatic leaves." [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "...widel cultivated ad aturalized i ma warm coutries Lemo-verbea was grow i Hawaii before 1890, whe it was first collected b W.T. Brigham. The flowers are sometimes used i leis, ad wapie is ofte metioed i Hawaiia poetic literature." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? Ukow] No evidece, but possibilit if grow as a herb Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Tucker, A.O./DeBaggio, T.. The ecclopedia of herbs: a comprehesive referece to herbs of flavor ad fragrace. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Lear 2 Grow. Plat Search - Alosia triphlla. [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [o apparet adaptatios for wid dispersal, although ma be dispersed short distaces b wid] [Propagules water dispersed? No] "Fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [No evidece of dispersal b water] [Propagules bird dispersed? No] "Fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [ot flesh-fruited] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [No evidece, ad o meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Ukow] "Fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [Seeds ulikel to be igested] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel] "...it ma also be grow from laers or seeds (i cooler climates, seeds do ot alwas full ripe)...fruits/seeds: The fruit is dr, becomig two separate utlets." [No evidece that such high seed umbers are produced] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ulikel] "Self-Sowig" No" WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o cotrol of this species Haso, B.. Desigig a herb garde. Brookl Botaic Garde, Brookl, NY [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] " prue judiciousl durig the growig seaso. Remove about a third of the total plat, pruig smaller braches back to older growth. Lemo verbea drops its leaves whe cold weather arrives." [tolerates pruig & cold] Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 8 of 9

9 Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R/Imada, C.T.. Surve of ivasive or potetiall ivasive cultivated plats i Hawai i. Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 65: [Effective atural eemies preset locall? Ukow] Prit Date: 4/25/2011 Alosia citrodora (Verbeaceae) Page 9 of 9