2. Edge planting beds with brick, slate or stone. A spaded edge may also be used.

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1 VI. Residential Landscapes A. Narrative Residential areas typically are noted by grassy front lawns, shade trees, hedges, and other ornamental buildings. Mature trees lend a sense of history and longevity to the residential areas. They are a valued characteristic of this District. Fences and walls in the Residential District provide a sense of scale and rhythm along residential streets. B. Guidelines 1. When choosing locations for new trees and other plantings, select locations that will not interfere with utility lines, block driveways and sidewalks, or obstruct motorist s vision at intersections. 2. Edge planting beds with brick, slate or stone. A spaded edge may also be used. 3. Consider gardens, garden paths, trellises, arbors, and garden ornaments for adding character to residential landscapes. 4. Avoid grading which adversely affects existing trees or natural drainways. 5. Protect existing trees during any new construction or site work. Barriers should be placed at, if not beyond, the tree canopy dripline. 6. Fence and wall design and material selection shall relate to the architectural style of the residence. 7. Front yard fences should not exceed 36 inches in height. 8. Trash receptacles shall be adequately screened from the public right-of-way and adjoining residences. 9. Woven wire or chain link fencing shall be installed in rear yards only. Where visible from the street, screen with vines or shrubbery. 10. Privacy fencing or walls should be introduced in rear yards only. They should not exceed 6 feet in height. Landscape 58

2 C. Generic Native Plants (Only Partial Listing) Trees Large and Medium Betula Nigra Carya Ovata Fagus Grandifolia Fraxinus Americana Juglans Nigra Juniperus Virginiana Liquidambar Styraciflua Liriodendron Tulipifera Nyssa Aquatica Nyssa Sylvatica Oxydendrum Arboreum Pinus Echinata Pinus Serotina Pinus Strobus Pinus Taeda Pinus Virginiana Plantanus Occidentalis Quercus Bicolor Quercus Coccinea Quercus Laurifolia Quercus Nigra Quercus Palustris Quercus Phellos Sassafras Alibidum Taxodium Distichum Tilia Americana River Birch Shagbark Hickory American Beech White Ash Black Walnut Red Cedar (Eastern) Sweetgum Tulip-Tree, Tulip Poplar Water Tupelo Black Gum Sourwood Shortleaf Pine Pond Pine White Pine Loblolly Pine Virginia Pine Sycamore Swamp White Oak Scarlet Oak Swamp Laurel Oak Water Oak Pin Oak Willow Oak Sassafras Bald Cypress American Basswood Sycamore tree. Scarlet Oak tree. Close-up of a Virginia Pine tree. Branches of a Pin Oak tree. Water Oak tree. 59 Landscape

3 Close-up of the berries of an American Holly tree. Ornamental Trees Amelanchier Canadensis Cercis Canadensis Chionanthus Virginicus Cornus Amomum Cornus Florida Crateagus Crus-galli Ilex Opaca Magnolia Virginiana Ostrya Virginiana Persea Borbonia Salix Nigra Quercus Palustris Quercus Phellos Sassafras Alibidum Taxodium Distichum Tilia Americana Serviceberry Redbud (Eastern) Fringetree Silky Dogwood Flowering Dogwood Cockspur Hawthorne American Holly Sweetbay Magnolia Eastern Hophornbeam Redbay, Sweet Bay Black Willow Pin Oak Willow Oak Sassafras Bald Cypress American Basswood Fringe Tree. Landscape 60

4 Shrubs Aronia Baccharis Halmifolia Callicarpa Americana Cephalanthus Occidentalis Clethra Alnifolia Gaultheria Procumbens Hamamelis Virginiana Hydrangea Arborescens Ilex Decidua Ilex Verticillata Kalmia Latifolia Leucothoe Axillaris Lindera Benzoin Rhododendron Atlanticum Rhododendron Periclymenoides Rhododendron Viscosum (R. Serrulata) Rosa Carolina Salix Humilis Salix Sericea Sambucus Canadensis Stewartia Malacondendron Vaccinium Corymbosum (V. Virgata, Formosa) Viburnum Detatum Viburnum Nudum Viburnum Prunifolium Chokeberry High Tide Bush American Beautyberry Button Bush Sweet Pepperbush Wintergreen Witch Hazel Wild Hydrangea Deciduous Holly, Possumhaw Winterberry Mountain Laurel Coastal Doghobble Spicebush Dwarf Azalea Pinxter Flower Swamp Azalea Pasture Rose Prairie Willow Silky Willow Common Elderberry Silky Camelia Highbush Blueberry Southern Arrow-Wood Viburnum Possum-Haw Viburnum Black-Haw Virburnum The blossoms of a Chokeberry shrub. A Sweet Pepperbush shrub. Pasture Rose. Pinxter Flower. 61 Landscape

5 Ferns, Grasses & Vines Ferns Adiantum Pedatum Maidenhair Fern Athyrium Asplenioides (A. Southern Lady Fern Filix-Femina) Dennstaedtia Punctilobula Hay-Scented Fern Osmunda Cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Osmunda Regalis Royal Fern Polystichium Acrostichoides Christmas Fern Thelypteris Palustris Marsh Fern Woodwardia Virginica Virginia Chain Fern A Southern Lady fern. An American Bur-Reed. Grasses & Reeds Andropogon Virginicus Carex Var. Crinita Dichanthelium Commutatum Juncus Canadensis Juncus Effusus Panicum Amarum Panicum Virgatum Sparganium Americanum Typha Latifolia Vines Celastrus Scandens Clematis Virginiana Gelsemium Sempervirens Lonicera Sempervirens Parthenocissus Quinquefolia Broomsedge Sedge Variable Panicgrass Canada Rush Soft Rush Coastal Panic Grass Switch Grass American Burreed Broad-Leaved Cattail Climbing Bittersweet Virgin s Bower Carolina Jessamine Trumpet Honeysuckle Virginia Creeper A Carolina Jessamine reed. A Broomsedge grass. Landscape 62

6 Riparian Plants Herbaceous Acorus Americanus (A. Calamus) Arisaema Triphyllum Asarum Canadense Aster Novi-Belgii Coreopsis Tripteris Equisetum Hyemale Eupatorium Fistulosum Helianthus Decapetalus Helipsis Helianthoides Hibiscus Moscheutos Iris Virginica Lobelia Cardinalis Lobelia Siphilitica Mertensia Virginica Oenothera Fruticosa Peltandra Virginica Phlox Paniculata Pelemonium Reptans Pontederia Cordata Rudbeckia Laciniata Sagittaria Latifolia Senecio Aureus Solidago Rugosa Vernonia Noveboracensis Viola Cucullata Sweet Flag Jack-in-the-Pulpit Wild Ginger New York Aster Tall Coreopsis Horsetail, Scouring Rush Joe Pye Weed Ten-Petaled Sunflower Oxeye Sunflower Eastern Rosemallow Virginia Blue Flag Cardinal Flower Great Blue Lobelia Virginia Bluebells Sundrops Arrow Arum Summer Phlox Jacob s Ladder Pickerel Weed Cut-Leaved Coneflower Broadleaf Arrowhead Golden Ragwort Rough-Stemmed Goldenrod New York Ironweed March Blue Violet A Cardinal Flower. A Great Blue Lobelia. An Eastern Rosemallow. A Ten-Petaled Sunflower. 63 Landscape

7 C. Parking Lots Create parking rooms through the use of plants, fencing, and walls. Break large parking areas into smaller rooms to reduce their scale and visually soften. Plant 1 tree for every 4 parking spaces. Plant: Platanus x acerifolia (London Planetree), Quercus acutissima (Sawtooth Oak), Quercus phellos (Willow Oak). Pattern & Spacing: Row at 20 o.c. D. Parking Lot Edges Plant: Carpinus betulus (European Hornbeam), Ilex spp. (Holly), Ligustrum obtusifolium (Border Privet), Myrica cerifera (Southern Wax Myrtle), Rhamnus spp. (Buckthorn), Thuja occidentalis spp (Arborvitae). Pattern & Spacing: Hedge at 3-6 o.c. The use of Willow Oak (above) and other tree varieties are ideal for softening parking areas. Eauropean Hornbeam (above) or Common Buckthorn (right) trees can be planted at the edges of parking areas. Landscape 64