Flora of China 6:

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Flora of China 6:"

Transcription

1 RANUNCULACEAE 毛茛科 mao gen ke Wang Wencai ( 王文采 Wang Wen-tsai) 1, Fu Dezhi ( 傅德志 ) 1, Li Liangqian ( 李良千 ) 1 ; Bruce Bartholomew 2, Anthony R. Brach 3, Bryan E. Dutton 4, Michael G. Gilbert 5, Yuichi Kadota 6, Orbélia R. Robinson 2, Michio Tamura 7, Michael J. Warnock 8, Zhu Guanghua ( 朱光华 ) 9, Svetlana N. Ziman 10 Herbs perennial or annual, sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple or variously compound, palmately nerved, rarely penninerved, with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual, sometimes unisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3 6 or more, free, petaloid or sepaloid, imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2 8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous, rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform; anthers latrorse, introrse, or extrorse; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries. Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo. About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions, particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China. Nigella damascena Linnaeus and N. glandulifera Freyn & Sintenis are cultivated (not native) in China. Wang Wen-tsai, Wang Shu-hsiou & Hsiao Pei-ken Ranunculaceae subfam. Helleboroideae and subfam. Thalictroideae. In: Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: ; Wang Wen-tsai, Chang Mei-chen, Fang Ming-yuan, Ling Ping-ping, Ting Chih-tsun, Wang Shu-hsiou & Liou Liang Ranunculaceae subfam. Ranunculoideae. In: Wang Wen-tsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 28: a. Ovary with 1 ovule; fruit an achene. 2a. Inflorescence with an involucre. 3a. Involucre contiguous with flower, calyxlike Hepatica 3b. Involucre separate from flower. 4a. Leaves pinnatisect, penninerved; pollen grains spinulose Anemoclema 4b. Leaves 1 to few times palmately or subpinnately divided, palmately nerved; pollen grains not spinulose. 5a. Style strongly elongate and plumose in fruit Pulsatilla 5b. Style not as above Anemone 2b. Inflorescence without an involucre. 6a. Petals absent. 7a.Sepals valvate in bud; style usually strongly elongate and plumose in fruit; cauline leaves opposite, rarely alternate Clematis 7b. Sepals imbricate in bud; style not as above; cauline leaves (if present) alternate. 8a. Achene (1 )3-ribbed on each side; leaves compound, rarely simple Thalictrum 8b. Achene not ribbed; leaves simple. 9a. Basal leaves several, palmately lobed or undivided, veins reticulately anastomosing; staminodes absent Metanemone 9b. Basal leaf 1, palmatisect, veins dichotomously branched, not anastomosing; staminodes present Kingdonia 6b. Petals present. 10a. Vines woody; cauline leaves opposite; style strongly elongate and plumose in fruit Naravelia 10b. Herbs perennial or annual; cauline leaves (if present) alternate; style not as above. 11a. Petals without nectaries Adonis 1 Herbarium, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing , People s Republic of China. 2 Botany Department, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California , U.S.A. 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts , U.S.A. 4 Department of Biology, Western Oregon University, 345 North Monmouth Avenue, Monmouth, Oregon 97361, U.S.A. 5 Missouri Botanical Garden, c/o Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England, United Kingdom. 6 Department of Botany, National Science Museum, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. 7 Awo-Gein , Minoo, Osaka , Japan. 8 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 223 Tucker Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, U.S.A. 9 Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri , U.S.A. 10 Tereshchenkivska str. 2, Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences, Kiev 01601, Ukraine.

2 11b. Petals with nectaries. 12a. Aggregate fruit terete, achene with a robust, rostrate, persistent style at apex and 2 tubercles near base Ceratocephala 12b. Aggregate fruit not terete, achene with neither robust, rostrate, persistent style at apex nor tubercles near base. 13a. Basal leaves several times pinnatisect; ovule pendulous from ovary locule apex. 32. Callianthemum 13b. Basal leaves not pinnatisect; ovule attached to ovary locule base. 14a. Achene ribbed on each side. 15a. Stolons absent; petals 13 15; achene 1-ribbed on each side Oxygraphis 15b. Stolons present; petals 5 10; achene 2- or 3-ribbed on each side Halerpestes 14b. Achene not ribbed. 16a. Petals yellow; achene smooth, rarely spinulose or tuberculate Ranunculus 16b. Petals white, rarely yellow; achene transversely rugose on each side Batrachium 1b. Ovary with several or many ovules; fruit a follicle, rarely a capsule or berry. 17a. Flowers zygomorphic; inflorescences usually racemose; pedicels 2-bracteolate. 18a. Upper sepal spurless; petals clawed Aconitum 18b. Upper sepal spurred; petals clawless. 19a. Staminodes 2, each differentiated into claw and limb; petals free; carpels 3 5( 7) Delphinium 19b. Staminodes absent; petals connate; carpel Consolida 17b. Flower actinomorphic; inflorescences monochasial or, if racemose, pedicels ebracteolate. 20a. Flowers many, borne in compound cymes, panicles, or racemes. 21a. Leaves simple, undivided; petals and staminodes absent Beesia 21b. Leaves 1 or more times ternately or subpinnately compound; petals or staminodes present. 22a. Proximal cauline leaves sheathlike; sepals 8 11 mm; fruit slender stipitate Souliea 22b. Proximal cauline leaves not sheathlike; sepals less than 4.5 mm; fruit shortly stipitate or sessile. 23a. Fruit a berry; basal leaves scalelike Actaea 23b. Fruit a follicle; basal leaves not scalelike Cimicifuga 20b. Flowers solitary, terminal, or few in monochasia. 24a. Petals absent. 25a. Leaves 2-ternate Enemion 25b. Leaves simple. 26a. Leaves entire Caltha 26b. Leaves 3-sect Calathodes 24b. Petals present. 27a. Carpels connate at base Dichocarpum 27b. Carpels free. 28a. Petals long clawed. 29a. Leaves simple, peltate, entire or palmately lobed; carpels 5 8, free Asteropyrum 29b. Leaves usually pedately compound, rarely ternate, not peltate; carpels 2, connate at base. 28b. Petals very shortly clawed or clawless. 30a. Carpels slender stipitate Coptis 30b. Carpels sessile. 31a. Staminodes present, membranous, linear-lanceolate. 32a. Sepals white; stamens 8 14; style 1/6 1/5 as long as ovary Semiaquilegia 32b. Sepals blue or purple; stamens numerous; style ca. 1/2 as long as to longer than ovary. 33a. Leaves all basal, simple, 3-sect, or ternate; petals ca. 1/3 as long as sepals, not petaloid (instead specialized nectariferous organs); style ca. 2 as long as ovary; follicles cubic-globose Urophysa 33b. Leaves both basal and cauline, 2 or more times ternate; petals subequaling sepals, petaloid; style ca. 1/2 as long as ovary; follicles narrowly cylindric Aquilegia 31b. Staminodes absent. 34a. Leaves simple. 35a. Leaves all basal; inflorescence with an involucre Eranthis

3 35b. Leaves both basal and cauline; inflorescence without an involucre. 36a. Leaves palmatipartite or palmatisect; petals linear Trollius 36b. Leaves pedatisect; petals tubular or cupular Helleborus 34b. Leaves compound. 37a. Leaves all basal, persistent remnants of petioles forming a dense clump; flower solitary, terminal; petals clawless Paraquilegia 37b. Leaves both basal and cauline, petioles not forming a clump; flowers few, borne in a monochasium; petals very shortly clawed. 38a. Herbs perennial; carpels Isopyrum 38b. Herbs annual; carpels Leptopyrum 1. CALTHA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 驴蹄草属 lu ti cao shu Li Liangqian ( 李良千 ); Michio Tamura Herbs perennial, glabrous, with fibrous roots. Stems simple or several branched. Leaves basal, or both basal and cauline, sometimes distal cauline ones palmately lobed, orbicular, reniform, or ovate, base cordate, margin dentate or entire; petioles sheathed at base. Flower solitary, terminal, or 2 or more in a simple or complex monochasium opening nearly flat. Sepals 5 or more, petaloid, yellow, rarely white or red, obovate or elliptic, caducous. Petals absent. Stamens numerous; anthers elliptic to oblong; filaments linear. Follicles 5 40, sessile, sometimes stipitate, with branching transverse veins, styles distinct or nearly absent; ovules several to many. Seeds several in a follicle, ellipsoid-globose, smooth. About 15 species: temperate and cold-temperate regions of N and S hemispheres; four species (one endemic) in China. 1a. Stigmas nearly sessile; seeds less than 1 mm; sepals white or pinkish, ca. 3 mm; follicles (10 ) C. natans 1b. Styles distinct; seeds mm; sepals yellow, rarely red, more than 7 mm; follicles a. Follicles shortly stipitate C. scaposa 2b. Follicles sessile. 3a. Leaves both basal and cauline; flowers usually (2 or)3 5 or more in a complex monochasium 1. C. palustris 3b. Leaves all basal; flower solitary, terminal C. sinogracilis 1. Caltha palustris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 驴蹄草 lu ti cao Plants with numerous fleshy roots. Stems cm tall at fruiting, (1.5 )3 12 mm in diam., branched, rarely simple, basal leaves 3 7, long petiolate; petiole (4 )7 24 cm; leaf blade orbicular to orbicular-reniform or cordate, (1.2 )2.5 5 (2 )3 9 cm, base deeply cordate, margin densely denticulate, apex rounded. Cauline leaves usually diminishing upward, rarely equal to basal leaves in size, orbicular-reniform or triangular-cordate, shortly petiolate or uppermost ones sessile. Monochasium often solitary, (2 or)3 5- flowered; pedicels more than 1.5 cm at fruiting. Flowers 2 3 cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow, obovate to narrowly obovate, 1 1.8( 2.5) ( 1.5) cm, apex rounded. Stamens 4.5 7( 9) mm; anthers sessile, oblong, mm. Follicles (5 )7 25, ca. 1 cm 3 mm; persistent style 1 3 mm. Seeds black, rarely pale greenish brown, narrowly ovoid, mm. Fl. May Sep. 2n = 16, 32, 55 57, 60, 64, 80. Mountain regions, grassy slopes, valleys, marshlands, forests, by streams, in water; m. S and SW Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, W Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, E and SE Xizang, C and NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [most temperate regions of N hemisphere]. 1a. Uppermost cauline leaves and bracts palmatipartite... 1e. var. umbrosa 1b. Uppermost cauline leaves and bracts undivided. 2a. Stems to 120 cm tall, ca. 12 mm in diam. at fruiting; cauline leaves below inflorescence subequal to basal leaves in size... 1f. var. barthei 2b. Stems to 50 cm tall, ca. 6 mm in diam. at fruiting; leaves below inflorescence usually smaller than basal leaves. 3a. Stem decumbent after anthesis; leaf blades broadly triangularreniform, broadly cordate at base, margin dentate basally, repand or subentire apically... 1c. var. sibirica 3b. Stem erect; leaf blades orbicularreniform or suborbicular, rarely triangular-reniform, usually deeply cordate at base, margin dentate throughout. 4a. Styles 2 3 mm... 1d. var. himalaica 4b. Styles 1( 1.5) mm. 5a. Leaves herbaceous or subpapery; pedicels 2 10 cm... 1a. var. palustris

4 5b. Leaves thin herbaceous or membranous; pedicels to 14 cm. 1b. var. membranacea 1a. Caltha palustris var. palustris 驴蹄草 ( 原变种 ) lu ti cao (yuan bian zhong)?caltha palustris var. orientalisinensis X. H. Guo. Stems usually erect, hollow, to 50 cm tall, ca. 6 mm in diam. at fruiting. Leaf blade orbicular-reniform or suborbicular, rarely triangular-reniform, herbaceous or subpapery, base usually deeply cordate, margin dentate. Pedicels more than 2 cm, to 15 cm at fruiting. Mountain regions, wet places, grassy slopes, valleys, marshlands, forests; m. S Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, W Henan, Nei Mongol, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, E Xizang, NW Yunnan, Zhejiang [temperate to cold regions of northern hemisphere]. 1b. Caltha palustris var. membranacea Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 膜叶驴蹄草 mo ye lu ti cao Caltha membranacea (Turczaninow) Schipczinsky; C. membranacea var. grandiflora S. H. Li & Y. H. Huang. Stems erect, hollow, to 50 cm tall, ca. 6 mm in diam. at fruiting. Leaf blade orbicular-reniform or suborbicular, rarely triangular-reniform, thinly herbaceous or membranous, base usually deeply cordate, margin dentate. Pedicels to 5 cm, to 14 cm at fruiting. 2n = 32, 64. Wet places in valleys, forests. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia)]. Alexander N. Luferov (pers. comm.) suggests that this taxon should be treated at the rank of species. 1c. Caltha palustris var. sibirica Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34: 三角叶驴蹄草 san jiao ye lu ti cao Caltha palustris subsp. sibirica (Regel) Hultén; C. sibirica (Regel) Tolmatchev. Stems decumbent at anthesis, solid, to 50 cm tall, ca. 6 mm in diam. at fruiting. Leaves below inflorescence usually smaller than basal leaves. Leaf blades broadly triangular-reniform, base broadly cordate, margin dentate basally, repand or subentire apically. 2n = Marshes, wet places in valleys, in water. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)]. 1d. Caltha palustris var. himalaica Tamura, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 19: 长柱驴蹄草 chang zhu lu ti cao Stems erect, solid, to 50 cm tall, ca. 6 mm in diam. at fruiting. Leaves below inflorescence usually smaller than basal leaves. Leaf blades orbicular-reniform or suborbicular, rarely triangular-reniform, base usually deeply cordate, margin dentate throughout. Styles 2 3 mm. Mountain regions, wet places; m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, Nepal]. 1e. Caltha palustris var. umbrosa Diels, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 5: 掌裂驴蹄草 zhang lie lu ti cao Caltha palustris var. sibirica Regel subvar. palmata Takeda. Stems erect. Uppermost cauline leaves and bracts palmatipartite. Grassy valley areas; ca m. SW Sichuan, C and NW Yunnan. 1f. Caltha palustris var. barthei Hance, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. Ser. 5, 5: 空茎驴蹄草 kong jing lu ti cao Caltha fistulosa Schipczinsky; C. fistulosa f. atrorubra W. T. Wang; C. palustris var. barthei f. atrorubra (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang; C. palustris var. multiflora Komarov ex Schipczinsky. Stems erect, hollow, to 1.2 m tall, ca. 1.2 cm in diam. at fruiting. Cauline leaves below inflorescence subequal to basal leaves in size. 2n = 32, 60. By streams; m. SW Gansu, S and W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan [Japan, Russia (Far East )]. 2. Caltha sinogracilis W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 细茎驴蹄草 xi jing lu ti cao Caltha gracilis Handel-Mazzetti (1923), not Nakai (1922); C. rubriflora B. L. Burtt & Lauener; C. sinogracilis f. rubriflora (B. L. Burtt & & Lauener) W. T. Wang. Plants small, glabrous. Stems more than 4 cm tall, to 10 cm at fruiting, ca. 1 mm in diam., simple to 7-branched. Leaves all basal, long petiolate; petiole 3 5 cm; leaf blade orbicular-reniform or reniform-cordate, cm, herbaceous, base deeply cordate, margin crenate or dentate basally, apex rounded. Flower solitary, terminal, ca. 2 cm in diam. Pedicels 3 4 cm. Sepals 5, yellow, rarely red, narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.4 cm 4.5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 3 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Follicles 5 10, sessile; persistent style ca. 0.8 mm. Seeds dark brown, narrowly ellipsoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm. Grasslands, by streams; m. SE Xizang, NW Yunnan. 3. Caltha scaposa J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 1: 花葶驴蹄草 hua ting lu ti cao Caltha palustris Linnaeus var. scaposa (J. D. Hooker & Thomson) Maximowicz; C. scaposa var. parnassioides Ulbrich; C. scaposa var. smithii Ulbrich. Plants small. Stems simple or branched, more than 3.5 cm tall, to 24 cm at fruiting, 1 2 mm in diam. Basal leaves 3 10, long petiolate; petiole ( 15) cm, base with membranous sheath; leaf blade cordate-ovate or triangular-ovate, sometimes reniform, 1 3( 3.7) ( 4) cm, base deeply cordate, margin entire or repand, sometimes sparsely denticulate, apex rounded. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate or sometimes sessile, small. Flower solitary, terminal, or 2 in monochasium. Pedicels more than 3 cm, to 20 cm at fruiting. Sepals 5( 7), yellow, obovate, elliptic or ovate, ( 1.9) cm, apex rounded. Stamens 3.5 7( 10) mm; anthers oblong. Follicles (5 )6 8( 11), cm 2.5

5 3 mm, shortly stipitate; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Seeds black. Fl. Jun Sep, fr. Jul. Alpine meadows, wet places in valleys; m. S Gansu, S Qinghai, W Sichuan, SE Xizang, NW Yunnan [Bhutan, N India, Nepal, Sikkim]. 4. Caltha natans Pallas, Reise Russ. Reich. 3: 白花驴蹄草 bai hua lu ti cao Thacla natans (Pallas) Deyl & Sojak. Plants submerged or creeping. Stems cm tall, 2 4 mm in diam., branched. Cauline leaves long petiolate; petiole cm, sheathed at base; leaf blade cordatereniform or cordate, cm, base deeply cordate-reniform or cordate, margin entire or repand or crenulate below middle, apex rounded. Monochasium terminal, (2- or)3 5-flowered. Pedicels 2 4 cm. Flowers small, ca. 5 mm in diam. Sepals 5, white or pinkish, obovate, ca. 3 2 mm, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 2 mm; anthers elliptic, ca. 0.5 mm. Follicles (10 )20 30, ca. 5 mm, sessile; stigmas nearly sessile. Seeds black, ellipsoid-globose, less than 1 mm. Fl. Jul. 2n = 16, 32. Wet meadows, marshes, in water. Heilongjiang, NE Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia (Siberia); North America]. 2. CALATHODES J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind 鸡爪草属 ji zhua cao shu Li Liangqian ( 李良千 ); Michio Tamura Herbs perennial, mostly glabrous. Roots fibrous. Leaves simple, basal ones 1 3, cauline ones 4 6, pentagonal or subpentagonal, palmately 3-sect. Flower solitary, terminal, opening nearly flat. Sepals 5, petaloid, yellow, white, or greenish white, caducous. Petals absent. Stamens numerous; filaments narrowly linear; anthers oblong. Follicles 7 60, subleathery, with lateral veins usually parallel except basally, with or without a projection on abaxial suture. Seeds 8 10, black, glossy, ca. 2 mm, obovoid, smooth. 2n = 16*. Four species: Bhutan, China, Sikkim; four species (three endemic) in China. 1a. Sepals yellow. 2a. Carpels with a projection inserted near base of abaxial suture C. unciformis 2b. Carpels without a projection C. palmata 1b. Sepals white or greenish white. 3a. Carpels 7 12( 15) C. oxycarpa 3b. Carpels C. polycarpa 1. Calathodes palmata J. D. Hooker & Thomson, Fl. Ind 黄花鸡爪草 huang hua ji zhua cao Stems cm tall, usually simple. Basal and proximal cauline leaves subglabrous; petiole cm; leaf blade cm; central segment rhombic, 3- fid, lobulate, margin serrate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-parted. Flowers ca. 3 cm in diam. Sepals yellow, subelliptic, ca. 1.5 cm, glabrous. Stamens ca. 1/2 as long as sepals. Follicles ca. 18, flat, obliquely obovate, ca mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm; projection absent on abaxial suture. Fl. Jun. Mountain forests; m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim]. 2. Calathodes oxycarpa Sprague, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1919: 鸡爪草 ji zhua cao Calathodes palmata J. D. Hooker & Thomson var. appendiculata Brühl. Stems cm tall, simple or branched. Basal and proximal cauline leaves 3; petiole 6 10 cm; leaf blade cm; central segment broadly rhombic, 3-fid, lobulate, margin serrate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-parted nearly to base. Flowers ca. 1.8 cm in diam. Sepals white, obovate or elliptic, mm, glabrous. Stamens mm. Follicles 7 12( 15), 7 14 ca. 4.5 mm; persistent style erect, mm; projection inserted at middle of abaxial suture. Fl. May Jul, fr. Jul Aug. Mountain forests, grassy slopes; m. W Hubei, Sichuan, W Yunnan. The entire plant is used medicinally for treating rheumatism and improving circulation. 3. Calathodes unciformis W. T. Wang, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 16: 多果鸡爪草 duo guo ji zhua cao Stems cm tall, glabrous, apically few branched or simple. Petiole 3 10 cm; leaf blade cm, abaxially glabrous, adaxially scabrous or minutely strigillose at veins; central segment rhombic, margin incised dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-parted. Flowers ca. 2.5 cm in diam. Sepals yellow, narrowly obovate or elliptic, ca. 1 cm, glabrous, apex rounded. Stamens ca. 6.5 mm. Follicles 35 50, mm; persistent style ca. 0.8 mm; projection inserted near base of abaxial suture. Fl. Jun Jul, fr. Jul Aug. Mountain forests, open slopes, valleys; m. W Guizhou, SW Hubei, NE Yunnan. 4. Calathodes polycarpa Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 2:

6 台湾鸡爪草 tai wan ji zhua cao Stems cm tall, glabrous. Petiole cm; leaf blade cm, glabrous on both surfaces; segments serrate at margin, apex acute. Flowers cm in diam. Sepals white or greenish white, obovate or elliptic, cm 6 9 mm. Stamens mm. Follicles 30 60, 7 10 mm; persistent style mm; projection present on abaxial suture. Open slopes at high elevations. Taiwan. Records of this species from mainland China (e.g., in FRPS) are referable to Calathodes unciformis. 3. TROLLIUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 金莲花属 jin lian hua shu Li Liangqian ( 李良千 ); Michio Tamura Herbs perennial, glabrous, with fibrous roots. Leaves all basal, or basal and cauline, simple, palmately parted or sect. Flower solitary, terminal or few in a cyme. Sepals 5 to many, usually yellow, rarely purplish, obovate, petaloid, usually caducous, rarely persistent. Petals 5 to many, linear, shortly clawed and with nectary pit above base. Stamens numerous; anthers ellipsoid or oblong, filaments narrowly linear. Follicles 5 to many, with branching transverse veins and a persistent style. Seeds subglobose, smooth. About 30 species: temperate to cold regions of the N hemisphere; 16 species (eight endemic) in China. 1a. Sepals lilac-blue or pale blue, or white with blue veins, persistent T. lilacinus 1b. Sepals yellow, usually caducous, or rarely white inside and purplish outside, persistent. 2a. Leaves palmately parted. 3a. Leaves all basal, or 1 3 inserted near base of stem. 4a. Leaf blade 3-parted, lobes indistinct, margin with teeth ovate or broadly ovate T. pumilus 4b. Leaf blade deeply 3-sect nearly to base, segments lobed, margin with teeth triangular or narrowly triangular T. farreri 3b. Leaves both basal and cauline, cauline leaves 2 4, inserted at middle or above on stem. 5a. Sepals T. dschungaricus 5b. Sepals 5. 6a. Sepals ± green when dried; petals broadly spatulate at apex; persistent style erect 1. T. yunnanensis 6b. Sepals not green when dried; petals narrowed at apex; persistent style turning outside 2. T. buddae 2b. Leaves palmately sect. 7a. Petals longer than stamens, caducous. 8a. Petals shorter than sepals. 9a. Petals narrowly linear, 1 1.5( 1.8) mm wide, slightly spatulate T. ledebourii 9b. Petals spatulate-linear, broadened from base, broadest above middle, mm wide 13. T. asiaticus 8b. Petals equaling or longer than sepals. 10a. Sepals (6 )10 15( 19); petals subequaling sepals; persistent style ca. 1 mm T. chinensis 10b. Sepals 5 7; petals usually longer than sepals; persistent style mm T. macropetalus 7b. Petals shorter than or subequaling stamens, usually persistent. 11a. Petals longer than filaments, subequaling stamens; flower solitary and terminal, or 2 or 3 flowers in a cyme. 12a. Sepals 5 7; styles purplish T. japonicus 12b. Sepals 15 18; styles dark purple or black T. altaicus 11b. Petals equaling filaments; flower solitary, terminal. 13a. Sepals ca. 6 mm, persistent T. micranthus 13b. Sepals mm, caducous or persistent. 14a. Segments of leaves not separate; sepals ± green when dried T. ranunculoides 14b. Segments of leaves separate; sepals not green when dried. 15a. Basal leaves cm wide; sepals not purplish outside, caducous 9. T. taihasenzanensis 15b.Basal leaves 1 2.6( 4.5) cm wide; sepals purplish outside, usually persistent. 16a. Central segment 3-lobed to ± middle; carpels 6 9( 25) T. farreri 16b. Central segment 3-parted nearly to base; carpels T. vaginatus 1. Trollius yunnanensis (Franchet) Ulbrich, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 云南金莲花 yun nan jin lian hua Stems more than 20 cm tall, to 80 cm at fruiting, simple or branched above middle. Basal leaves 2 or 3; petiole 7 20 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade dark green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base deeply cordate, 3-parted; central lobe rhombic-ovate or rhombic, 3-fid, incised-lobulate or dentate at margin; lateral lobes obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid.

7 Proximal cauline leaves similar to basal ones, distal cauline leaves subsessile, smaller. Flower solitary, terminal, or 2 or 3 flowers in a cyme, (3.2 )4 5.5 cm in diam. Pedicel ca. 4 cm, to 9.5 cm at fruiting. Sepals 5( 7), yellow, ± green when dried, broadly obovate or obovate, rarely broadly elliptic, ( 3) ( 2.8) cm, apex rounded or truncate. Petals linear, shorter than stamens, 7 7.5( 17) ca. 1 mm, slightly widened at apex, subspatulate. Stamens ca. 1 cm. Follicles 7 25, cm ca. 3 mm; persistent style erect, ca. 1 mm. Seeds narrowly ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun Sep, fr. Sep Oct. Grassy slopes, mountain slopes, wet places; m. S Gansu, Sichuan, W Yunnan. 1a. Petals longer than stamens, mm... 1b. var. eupetalus 1b. Petals shorter than or subequaling stamens, less than 8 mm. 2a. Leaves distinctly peltate at base 1d. var. peltatus 2b. Leaves not peltate at base. 3a. Leaf lobes ± separate from each other, central lobe 3-fid to or beyond middle... 1a. var. yunnanensis 3b. Leaf lobes overlapping, central lobe 3-lobed, not divided below middle... 1c. var. anemonifolius 1a. Trollius yunnanensis var. yunnanensis 云南金莲花 ( 原变种 ) yun nan jin lian hua (yuan bian zhong) Trollius pumilus D. Don var. yunnanensis Franchet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: ;?T. papavereus Schipczinsky; T. pumilus subsp. normalis Brühl var. yunnanensis (Franchet) Brühl; T. yunnanensis f. ubera Stapf. Leaves not peltate at base; leaf lobes ± separate from each other, central lobe 3-fid to or beyond middle. Sepals less than 2.8 cm wide. Petals shorter than or subequaling stamens, less than 8 mm. 2n = 16*. Grassy slopes, wet grassy places; m. W Sichuan, W Yunnan. 1b. Trollius yunnanensis var. eupetalus (Stapf) W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 长瓣云南金莲花 chang ban yun nan jin lian hua Trollius yunnanensis f. eupetala Stapf, Bot. Mag. 152: t Sepals cm wide. Petals longer than stamens, cm. Grassy slopes; m. NW Yunnan. 1c. Trollius yunnanensis var. anemonifolius (Brühl) W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 复裂云南金莲花 fu lie yun nan jin lian hua Trollius pumilus D. Don subsp. anemonifolius Brühl, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: ; T. anemonifolius (Brühl) Stapf; T. yunnanensis subsp. anemonifolius (Brühl) Doroszewska. Leaves not peltate at base; lobes overlapping, central lobe 3-lobed, not divided below middle. Sepals less than 2.8 cm wide. Petals shorter than or subequaling stamens, less than 8 mm. Grassy slopes; m. S Gansu, W Sichuan. 1d. Trollius yunnanensis var. peltatus W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 盾叶云南金莲花 dun ye yun nan jin lian hua Leaves distinctly peltate at base. Sepals less than 2.8 cm wide. Petals shorter than or subequaling stamens, less than 8 mm. Mountain slopes, wet places; ca m. Sichuan (Emei Shan). 2. Trollius buddae Schipczinsky, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Glavn. Bot. Sada RSFSR 4: 川陕金莲花 chuan shan jin lian hua Trollius stenopetalus Stapf. Stems cm tall, usually branched at middle or above. Basal leaves 1 3; petiole cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base deeply cordate, 3- parted; central lobe rhombic or broadly rhombic, 3- lobed, with several lobules and dentate margin; lateral lobes obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid. Cauline leaves 3 or 4, proximal ones similar to basal leaves, distal ones diminishing. Inflorescence cymose, 2- or 3- flowered. Sepals 5, yellow, not green when dried, obovate or broadly obovate, rarely elliptic, cm, caducous. Petals nearly as long as stamens, ca. 8 mm, apex not or slightly widened. Stamens 8 10 mm. Follicles 20 30, cm ca. 3 mm; persistent style turning outside, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug. Grassy slopes; m. S Gansu, S Shaanxi, N Sichuan. 3. Trollius dschungaricus Regel, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 7: 准噶尔金莲花 zhun ga er jin lian hua Trollius europaeus Linnaeus var. songoricus Regel. Stems ca. 10 cm tall, to 50 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 3 7; petiole 6 28 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade green when dried, cm, base cordate, 3-parted; central lobe broadly elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 3-lobed, with lobules and irregularly denticulate margin; lateral lobes obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid. Cauline leaves 2 or 3, similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, terminal, sometimes 2 or 3 flowers in a cyme, cm in diam. Pedicel ca. 5 cm, to 15 cm at fruiting. Sepals 8 13, yellow or orangeyellow, not green when dried, obovate or broadly

8 obovate, sometimes narrowly obovate, cm, margin several toothed or subentire at apex, apex rounded. Petals linear, orbicular, or spatulate, shorter than stamens or subequal to filaments, 7 8 ca. 1 mm. Stamens cm. Follicles 12 18, cm ca. 2 mm; persistent style ca. 1.2 mm. Seeds ca. 1.5 mm, ellipsoid-globose, smooth. Fl. Jul Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 16. Grassy slopes, Picea forests; m. Xinjiang (Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan]. 4. Trollius pumilus D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal 小金莲花 xiao jin lian hua Stems more than 3.5 cm tall, to 25 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 1 3; petiole cm, base sheathed; leaf blade green or not when dried, pentagonal or pentagonal-ovate, cm, base deeply cordate, 3-parted; central lobe obovate or flabellate-obovate, apex rounded, 3-lobed, with 2 or 3 lobules or dentate margin; lateral lobes obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid. Cauline leaves 2 or 3, similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, terminal, cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow and caducous, or white inside, purplish outside and persistent, green or not when dried, obovate or ovate, 6 10( 17) ( 15) mm, apex rounded, usually caducous. Petals spatulatelinear, shorter than stamens, 2 3 ca. 0.5 mm, apex rounded. Stamens mm. Follicles 6 16, ca. 1 cm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm, ellipsoidglobose, smooth. Fl. Jul, fr. Aug. Marshes, alpine grasslands; m. S and SW Gansu, E and S Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. 1a. Leaves both basal and cauline... 4c. var. foliosus 1b. Leaves all basal or subbasal. 2a. Leaf blade and sepals green when dried; sepals to mm 4b. var. tanguticus 2b. Leaf blade and sepals not green when dried; sepals to mm. 3a. Stems cm tall; sepals yellow, mm, caducous 4a. var. pumilus 3b. Stems cm tall; sepals white inside, dark purple outside, ca mm, persistent 4d. var. tehkehensis 4a. Trollius pumilus var. pumilus 小金莲花 ( 原变种 ) xiao jin lian hua (yuan bian zhong) Trollius pumilus subsp. normalis Brühl var. sikkimensis Brühl. Stems cm tall at anthesis. Leaves all basal or subbasal; leaf blade not green when dried. Sepals yellow, mm, caducous. 2n = 16. Grassy marshes, grasslands; m. S Xizang [Bhutan, N Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim]. 4b. Trollius pumilus var. tanguticus Brühl, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 5: 青藏金莲花 qing zang jin lian hua Trollius pumilus var. alpinus Ulbrich; T. tanguticus (Brühl) W. T. Wang. Leaves all basal or subbasal, green when dried. Sepals green when dried, to cm. Mountainous grasslands, marshes; m. SW Gansu, E and S Qinghai, NW Sichuan, NE Xizang. 4c. Trollius pumilus var. foliosus (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 显叶金莲花 xian ye jin lian hua Trollius tanguticus (Brühl) W. T. Wang var. foliosus W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: Leaves both basal and cauline. Alpine grasslands; m. S Gansu. 4d. Trollius pumilus var. tehkehensis (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 德格金莲花 de ge jin lian hua Trollius tehkehensis W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: Stems cm tall. Leaves all basal or subbasal, not green when dried. Sepals dark purple outside, white inside, ca. 1 cm 8 9 mm, persistent. Alpine grasslands. Sichuan (Dêgê Xian). Rudolf V. Kamelin (pers. comm.) believes that this taxon deserves recognition at the rank of species. 5. Trollius farreri Stapf, Bot. Mag. 152: t 矮金莲花 ai jin lian hua Stems more than 5 cm tall, to 19 cm at fruiting, simple. Leaves 3 or 4, all basal or subbasal, or with 1 or 2 leaves near middle of stem; petiole 1 4 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect nearly to base; central segment rhombic-obovate or cuneate, 3-lobed, with 2 or 3 irregular triangular teeth; lateral segments unequally 2-fid. Flower solitary, terminal, cm in diam. Sepals 5(or 6), yellow, abaxially usually dark purple, not green when dried, broadly ovate, cm, apex rounded or subtruncate, persistent, rarely caducous. Petals spatulate-linear, shorter than stamens, ca mm. Stamens ca. 7 mm. Follicles 6 9( 25), cm; persistent style erect, ca. 2 mm. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun Jul, fr. Aug. Grassy slopes, alpine meadows; m. S Gansu, E and S Qinghai, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, NE and SE Xizang, NW Yunnan. 1a. Leaf blade cm wide, leaves basal or subbasal; central segment rhombic-obovate or cuneate, with 2 or 3 irregular triangular teeth... 5a. var. farreri 1b. Leaf blade cm wide, leaves all basal or with 1 or 2 cauline leaves near middle of stem; central segment broadly rhombic, densely lobulate... 5b. var. major 5a. Trollius farreri var. farreri 矮金莲花 ( 原变种 ) ai jin lian hua (yuan bian zhong)

9 Trollius kansuensis (Brühl) Mukerjee; T. pumilus D. Don subsp. normalis Brühl var. kansuensis Brühl. Leaves basal or subbasal; leaf blade cm wide; central segment rhombic-obovate or cuneate, with 2 or 3 irregular triangular teeth. Grassy slopes; m. S Gansu, E and S Qinghai, S Shaanxi, W Sichuan, NE Xizang, NW Yunnan. 5b. Trollius farreri var. major W. T. Wang in W. T. Wang & P. K. Hsiao, Acta Phytotax. Sin., Addit. 1: 大叶矮金莲花 da ye ai jin lian hua Leaves all basal or with 1 or 2 cauline leaves near middle of stem; leaf blade cm wide; central segment broadly rhombic, densely lobulate. Alpine meadows; m. SE Xizang (Zayü Xian), NW Yunnan (Dêqên Xian). 6. Trollius micranthus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 小花金莲花 xiao hua jin lian hua Stems more than 5 cm tall, to 24 cm at fruiting, simple or 1-branched at base. Basal leaves 4 or 5; petiole cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment broadly rhombic or cuneate, 3-lobed, margin with several teeth or entire; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, 2-fid. Subbasal cauline leaves similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow, tinged with purple when dried, 5 8 mm, narrowly obovate or oblong, apex obtuse, persistent. Petals shorter than stamens, 2 3 mm. Stamens mm. Follicles ca. 7, subequaling sepals, 5 8 ca. 2 mm; persistent style erect, ca. 0.7 mm. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, ca. 1 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun, fr. Aug. Grassy slopes; m. E Xizang (Mêdog Xian), NW Yunnan (Dêqên Xian). 7. Trollius ranunculoides Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 29: 毛茛状金莲花 mao gen zhuang jin lian hua Trollius pumilus D. Don subsp. normalis Brühl var. ranunculoides Brühl. Stems more than 6 cm tall, to 30 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves with petiole 3 13 cm, base sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, orbicular-pentagonal or pentagonal, ( 2.5) ( 4.2) cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment broadly rhombic or rhombic-obovate, 3-fid, lobules 1- or 2-triangular or ovate-triangular dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves 1 3, smaller than basal leaves. Flower solitary, ( 4) cm in diam. Sepals 5( 8), yellow, ± green when dried, obovate, cm, apex rounded or subtruncate, caducous. Petals spatulate-linear, shorter than stamens, ca. 1 mm. Stamens 5 7 mm. Follicles 7 9, ca. 1 cm; persistent style erect, ca. 1 mm. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, ca. 1 mm. Fl. May Jun, fr. Aug. Grassy slopes; m. S Gansu, E and S Qinghai, W Sichuan, E Xizang, NW Yunnan. 8. Trollius vaginatus Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 鞘柄金莲花 qiao bing jin lian hua Stems more than 4 cm tall, to 11 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 1 or 2(or 3); petiole 3 4 cm, base sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal-reniform, cm, base deeply cordate, 3-sect; central segment broadly rhombic, 3-fid, lobules with 1 or 2 triangular teeth; lateral segments obliquely rhombic, unequally 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, long petiolate. Flower solitary, ( 3.7) cm in diam. Sepals 5, yellow, abaxially usually purplebrown, not green when dried, obovate or broadly obovate, cm, apex rounded, persistent. Petals ca. 12, spatulate-linear, subequaling filaments or slightly shorter, mm. Stamens 5 7 mm. Follicles 4 6, ca. 9 mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun, fr. Jun. Grassy slopes; m. SW Sichuan (Muli Zang Zu Zizhixian), NW Yunnan (Zhongdian Xian). 9. Trollius taihasenzanensis Masamune, J. Soc. Trop. Agr. 6: 台湾金莲花 tai wan jin lian hua Stems cm tall, simple or 1-branched. Basal leaves ca. 5; petiole 8 13 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment broadly rhombic, 3-fid, with narrowly triangular teeth; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones. Flowers 1 5, in terminal branches, cm in diam. Sepals 5 8, yellow, not green when dried, not purplish outside, broadly obovate to narrowly obovate, or broadly elliptic, cm, caducous. Petals ca. 12, linearelliptic, mm. Stamens mm. Follicles 4 15, ca. 1 cm 3 mm; persistent style mm. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, mm, smooth. Scrub forests in valleys, grassy streambanks, open areas in Abies forests; m. Taiwan. 10. Trollius japonicus Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 长白金莲花 chang bai jin lian hua Stems cm tall, simple. Basal leaves 3 5; petiole cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid, with several lobules and small teeth; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, 2-parted nearly to base. Cauline leaves 3, similar to basal ones. Pedicel 2 6 cm. Flower solitary, or 2 or 3 flowers in a terminal cyme, cm in diam. Sepals 5 7, yellow, green when dried, obovate or orbicular-obovate, cm, several denticulate, apex rounded. Petals 9, linear, subequaling stamens, 6 7 ca. 1 mm. Stamens mm. Follicles 7 15, to 1.1 cm ca. 3 mm; persistent style mm. Seeds ellipsoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul Aug, fr. Sep. 2n = 16.

10 Grassy slopes; m. E Jilin (Changbai Shan) [Japan]. 11. Trollius altaicus C. A. Meyer, Verz. Pflanz. Caucas 阿尔泰金莲花 a er tai jin lian hua Stems cm tall, simple. Basal leaves 2 5; petiole 7 36 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-lobed, ultimate lobules dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, 3 5 cm in diam. Sepals (10 )15 18, orange, not green when dried, obovate or broadly obovate, cm, apex rounded. Petals linear, shorter than or subequaling stamens, 6 13 ca. 1 mm, narrowed at apex. Stamens cm. Styles dark purple or black. Follicles ca. 16, ca. 1 cm 3.5 mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Seeds ellipsoidglobose, ca. 1.2 mm. Fl. May Jul, fr. Aug. 2n = 16. Grassy slopes, wet places in valleys; m. W Nei Mongol, N Xinjiang [E Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia),?Tajikistan, Uzbekistan]. 12. Trollius ledebourii Reichenbach, Icon. Pl. Crit. 3: 短瓣金莲花 duan ban jin lian hua Stems cm tall. Basal leaves 2 or 3; petiole 9 29 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid, ultimate lobules triangular-denticulate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves 3 or 4, similar to basal ones. Pedicel cm. Flower solitary, or 2 or 3 flowers in a terminal cyme, cm in diam. Sepals 5 8, yellow, not green when dried, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, cm, apex rounded. Petals 10 22, linear, longer than stamens but shorter than sepals, cm ca. 1 mm, narrowed at apex. Stamens to 9 mm. Follicles 20 28, ca. 7 mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun Jul, fr. Jun. 2n = 16. Wet grasslands, by streams; m. Heilongjiang, Liaoning, NE Nei Mongol [Mongolia, Russia (Far East, Siberia)]. 13. Trollius asiaticus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 宽瓣金莲花 kuan ban jin lian hua Stems more than 20 cm tall, to 80 cm at fruiting, simple or branched above middle. Basal leaves ca. 3; petiole 7 31 cm; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, to cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid, margin incised-dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, shortly petiolate or sessile. Flower solitary, terminal, (2 ) cm in diam. Sepals 10 15( 20), orange-red or orange, rarely dark yellow, broadly elliptic or obovate, (0.7 ) (0.5 ) cm, margin entire or irregularly dentate at apex. Petals spatulate-linear, longer than stamens but shorter than sepals, (4 ) mm. Stamens ca. 1 cm. Follicles ca. 30; persistent style 0.5 1( 1.5) mm. Fl. Jul. 2n = 16. Wet places in grasslands, forests. Heilongjiang (Shangzhi Xian), Xinjiang (Altay Xian, Hami Shi) [E Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Russia (Siberia)]. 14. Trollius chinensis Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.- Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 金莲花 jin lian hua Trollius asiaticus Linnaeus var. chinensis (Bunge) Maximowicz. Stems more than 20 cm tall, to 80 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 1 4; petiole cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid to or beyond middle, margin densely unequally dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, 2-fid nearly to base. Cauline leaves similar to basal ones, shortly petiolate or sessile. Pedicel 5 9 cm. Flower solitary, or 2 or 3 flowers in a terminal cyme, cm in diam. Sepals (6 )10 15( 19), golden yellow, not green when dried, elliptic-obovate or obovate, cm, apex rounded. Petals 18 21, narrowly linear, subequaling or longer than sepals, rarely shorter than sepals, cm mm. Stamens cm. Follicles 20 30, cm ca. 3 mm; persistent style ca. 1 mm. Seeds subovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun Jul, fr. Aug Sep. 2n = 16*. Grassy slopes; m. Hebei, N Henan, W Jilin, W Liaoning, E Nei Mongol, Shanxi. 15. Trollius macropetalus (Regel) F. Schmidt, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 7, 12(2): 长瓣金莲花 chang ban jin lian hua Trollius ledebourii Reichenbach var. macropetalus Regel, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Ser. 7, 4: ; T. chinensis Bunge subsp. macropetalus (Regel) Luferov. Stems more than 40 cm tall, to 100 cm at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 2 4; petiole cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid, ultimate lobules unequally dentate; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid. Cauline leaves 3 or 4, similar to basal ones. Flower solitary, cm in diam. Sepals 5 7, golden yellow, orange-yellow when dried, broadly ovate or obovate, ( 2.5) cm, apex rounded. Petals 14 22, narrowly linear, longer than sepals, sometimes subequaling sepals, cm ca. 1 mm. Stamens 1 2 cm. Follicles 20 40, ca. 1.3 cm 4 mm; persistent style mm. Seeds black, narrowly obovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Jul Sep, fr. Jul. Wet grasslands; m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning [N Korea, Russia (Far East)].

11 16. Trollius lilacinus Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.- Pétersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 淡紫金莲花 dan zi jin lian hua Hegemone lilacina (Bunge) Bunge ex Ledebour. Stems more than 5, to 28 cm tall at fruiting, simple. Basal leaves 3 6; petiole 4 7 cm, base narrowly sheathed; leaf blade not green when dried, pentagonal, cm, base cordate, 3-sect; central segment rhombic, 3-fid to middle or subpinnatipartite with several lobules and triangular or broadly lanceolate teeth; lateral segments obliquely flabellate, unequally 2-fid to base. Cauline leaves with sheathlike short petioles or subsessile, smaller than basal ones. Flower solitary, cm in diam. Sepals 15 18, lilac-blue or pale blue, rarely white with blue veins, obovate, broadly elliptic, elliptic, or rarely ovate, cm mm, apex rounded, sometimes acute. Petals ca. 8, broadly linear, shorter than stamens, mm. Stamens 5 7 mm. Follicles 6 11, ca. 1.2 cm 2 mm; persistent style mm. Seeds ca. 1 mm, ellipsoid-globose, smooth. Fl. Jul Aug, fr. Aug Sep. 2n = 32. Grassy slopes, at forest margins; m. Xinjiang (Altay Xian, Tian Shan) [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (W Siberia and C Asia), Uzbekistan]. 4. BEESIA I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 铁破锣属 tie po luo shu Li Liangqian ( 李良千 ); Michio Tamura Herbs perennial. Rhizome robust, creeping or ascending. Leaves 2 4, basal, long petiolate, simple, cordate or cordate-triangular, dentate. Scape simple, with membranous sheath at base. Cyme compound, with 1 3 sessile fascicled flowers at several nodes. Bracts and bracteoles subulate or lanceolate. Flower actinomorphic, opening flat. Sepals 5, petaloid, white, elliptic. Petals absent. Stamens numerous; filaments subfiliform; anthers subglobose. Follicle solitary, long, narrow, flat, with transverse veins. Seeds several, ovoid-globose, rugose. Two species: China, Myanmar; two species (one endemic) in China. The rhizomes are used medicinally to treat rheumatic pain, influenza, and swelling. 1a. Leaves reniform, cordate, or orbicular-ovate, margin with teeth on each side, teeth relatively small, 2 4 mm wide at base B. calthifolia 1b. Leaves cordate-triangular, margin with 7 16 teeth on each side, teeth relatively large, 3 8 mm wide at base B. deltophylla 1. Beesia calthifolia (Maximowicz ex Oliver) Ulbrich, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10: 铁破锣 tie po luo Cimicifuga calthifolia Maximowicz ex Oliver, Hooker s Icon. Pl. 18: t ; Beesia cordata I. B. Balfour & W. W. Smith; B. elongata Handel- Mazzetti. Rhizome to 10 cm, 3 7 mm in diam. Scapes more than 14 cm, to 58 cm at fruiting, basally glabrous, apically densely pubescent. Basal leaves 2 4, long petiolate; petiole (5.5 )10 26 cm, slightly widened, glabrous; leaf blade reniform, orbicular-ovate, or deeply cordate at base, (1.5 ) (1.8 ) cm, both surfaces glabrous, rarely pubescent abaxially at veins, margin dense with teeth on each side, apex rounded, shortly acuminate, or acute. Inflorescence cymose, cm; bracts usually subulate, sometimes lanceolate, rarely spatulate, mm, glabrous. Pedicel 5 10 mm, densely spreading pubescent. Sepals white or pinkish, narrowly ovate or elliptic, 3 5( 8) ( 3) mm, glabrous, apex acute or blunt. Stamens shorter than sepals; anthers ca. 3 mm in diam. Follicle cm, flat, lanceolate-linear, middle part curved, lower part 3 4 mm wide, sparsely pubescent near base, otherwise glabrous, with ca. 8 obliquely transverse veins; persistent style 1 2 mm. Seeds several, ca. 2.5 mm, obliquely corrugate. Fl. May Aug, fr. Jul Sep. 2n = 16*, 32*. Wet places in valleys, forests; m. S Gansu, N Guangxi, Guizhou, W Hubei, W Hunan, S Shanxi, Sichuan, NW Yunnan [N Myanmar]. 2. Beesia deltophylla C. Y. Wu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 角叶铁破锣 jiao ye tie po luo Rhizome ca. 4 mm in diam. Scapes more than 14 cm, to 34 cm at fruiting, 1 2 mm in diam., basally subglabrous, apically spreading white pubescent. Basal leaves 2 or 3, long petiolate; petiole cm, densely spreading white pubescent; leaf blade ovate-triangular, cm, abaxially pale green, glabrous, adaxially green, base deeply cordate, margin sparsely 7 16-dentate on each side, teeth 3 8 mm wide at base, apex acuminate to long acuminate. Inflorescence paniculate-cymose; bracts subulate, 1 4 mm. Flowers 6 7 mm in diam.; pedicel 5 10 mm, densely spreading pubescent. Sepals white, ovate-elliptic, mm, glabrous, apex acute. Stamens shorter than sepals; anthers yellowish. Follicle yellowish brown, ca. 1 cm, flat, lanceolatelinear, sparsely pubescent, with ca. 4 obliquely transverse veins. Seeds several, ca. 2 mm, obliquely corrugate. Fl. Jul, fr. Jul Sep. 2n = 16*.

39. FRAGARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

39. FRAGARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 39. FRAGARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 494. 1753. 草莓属 cao mei shu Li Chaoluan ( 李朝銮 Li Chao-luang); Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba Herbs perennial, mostly stoloniferous, polygamo-dioecious, usually spreading or

More information

Flora of China 6:

Flora of China 6: Flora of China 6: 431 434. 2001. 35. BATRACHIUM (de Candolle) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 720. 1821. 水毛茛属 shui mao gen shu Wang Wencai ( 王文采 Wang Wen-tsai); Michio Tamura Ranunculus sect. Batrachium de

More information

15. LOMATOGONIUM A. Braun, Flora 13:

15. LOMATOGONIUM A. Braun, Flora 13: Flora of China 16: 124 129. 1995. 15. LOMATOGONIUM A. Braun, Flora 13: 221. 1830. 肋柱花属 lei zhu hua shu Pleurogyne Eschscholtz ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal; Swertia subgen. Lomatogonium (A. Braun) Satake;

More information

About 150 species: widespread on all continents except Antarctica, mainly in N temperate regions; 53 species (22 endemic) in China.

About 150 species: widespread on all continents except Antarctica, mainly in N temperate regions; 53 species (22 endemic) in China. Flora of China 6: 307 328. 2001. 24. ANEMONE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 538. 1753. 银莲花属 yin lian hua shu Wang Wencai ( 王文采 Wang Wen-tsai); Svetlana N. Ziman, Bryan E. Dutton Anemonastrum Holub; Anemonidium (Spach)

More information

Flora of China 18:

Flora of China 18: 51. EUPHRASIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 604. 1753. 小米草属 xiao mi cao shu Herbs, annual or perennial, hemiparasitic. Leaves opposite, lower ones usually small, increasing in size upward. Inflorescences terminal

More information

Flora of China 6:

Flora of China 6: Flora of China 6: 391 431. 2001. 34. RANUNCULUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 548. 1753. 毛茛属 mao gen shu Wang Wencai ( 王文采 Wang Wen-tsai); Michael G. Gilbert Herbs perennial or annual, terrestrial or rarely aquatic.

More information

1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, , nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763).

1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, , nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763). 1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, 716. 1806, nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763). 青荚叶属 qing jia ye shu Shrubs evergreen or deciduous, 1 2 m tall, rarely small trees to 8 m tall. Leaves petiolate;

More information

49. ARMENIACA Scopoli, Meth. Pl

49. ARMENIACA Scopoli, Meth. Pl Flora of China 9: 396 401. 2003. 49. ARMENIACA Scopoli, Meth. Pl. 15. 1754. 杏属 xing shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew Trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed, rarely spiny. Axillary

More information

12. ROSCOEA Smith, Exot. Bot. 2:

12. ROSCOEA Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 12. ROSCOEA Smith, Exot. Bot. 2: 97. 1806. 象牙参属 xiang ya shen shu Herbs small, with annual pseudostems from erect, reduced rhizome; roots fascicled, tuberous, fusiform. Ligule a curved line at junction

More information

Flora of China 8:

Flora of China 8: 57. DESIDERIA Pampanini, Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1926: 111. 1926. 扇叶芥属 shan ye jie shu Ermaniopsis H. Hara; Oreoblastus Suslova. Herbs perennial, with a slender, rhizomelike caudex. Trichomes simple or mixed

More information

1. ZYGOPHYLLUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

1. ZYGOPHYLLUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Fl. China 11: 45 49. 2008. Sarcozygium Bunge. 1. ZYGOPHYLLUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 385. 1753. 霸王属 ba wang shu Shrubs, perennial herbs, or rarely annuals. Leaves opposite, even-pinnate or rarely simple;

More information

1. ASPIDOPTERYS A. Jussieu ex Endlicher, Gen. Pl

1. ASPIDOPTERYS A. Jussieu ex Endlicher, Gen. Pl Fl. China 11: 132 135. 2008. 1. ASPIDOPTERYS A. Jussieu ex Endlicher, Gen. Pl. 1060. 1840. 盾翅藤属 dun chi teng shu Woody lianas or lianoid shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire, eglandular; stipule absent or small

More information

HELWINGIACEAE. 1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, , nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763).

HELWINGIACEAE. 1. HELWINGIA Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 4: 634, , nom. cons., not Helvingia Adanson (1763). HELWINGIACEAE 青荚叶科 qing jia ye ke Xiang Qiuyun ( 向秋云 Jenny Xiang) 1 ; David E. Boufford 2 Shrubs, rarely small trees, dioecious, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves simple, alternate, petiolate, stipulate;

More information

15. CARYOPTERIS Bunge, Pl. Mongholico-Chin

15. CARYOPTERIS Bunge, Pl. Mongholico-Chin Flora of China 17: 43 47. 1994. Cardioteucris C. Y. Wu. 15. CARYOPTERIS Bunge, Pl. Mongholico-Chin. 27. 1835. 莸属 you shu Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, erect or climbing. Leaves opposite, simple, entire

More information

2. SARCOCOCCA Lindley, Edwards s Bot. Reg

2. SARCOCOCCA Lindley, Edwards s Bot. Reg 2. SARCOCOCCA Lindley, Edwards s Bot. Reg. 1012. 1826. 野扇花属 ye shan hua shu Shrubs, evergreen, monoecious; branches erect. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, leathery, margin entire, venation pinnate

More information

Flora of China 6:

Flora of China 6: Flora of China 6: 443 447. 2001. 4. HOLBOELLIA Wallich, Tent. Fl. Napal. 1: 23. 1824. 八月瓜属 ba yue gua shu Woody climbers, evergreen or deciduous. Monoecious. Stems twining. Winter bud outer scales numerous,

More information

5. PYROLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

5. PYROLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 5. PYROLA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753. 鹿蹄草属 lu ti cao shu Qin Haining ( 覃海宁 ); Peter F. Stevens Amelia Alefeld; Braxilia Rafinesque; Erxlebenia Opiz ex Rydberg; Thelaia Alefeld. Herbs suffruticose,

More information

28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1:

28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 28. RUBUS Linnaeus, Sp. P1. 1: 492. 1753. 悬钩子属 xuan gou zi shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); David E. Boufford Shrubs or subshrubs, deciduous, rarely evergreen or semievergreen, sometimes perennial creeping

More information

About 160 species: mainly in cold and temperate regions of the N hemisphere, abundant in E Asia; 59 species (25 endemic, five introduced) in China.

About 160 species: mainly in cold and temperate regions of the N hemisphere, abundant in E Asia; 59 species (25 endemic, five introduced) in China. 29. RIBES Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 200. 1753. 茶沸子属 cha biao zi shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Crinan Alexander Grossularia Miller; Ribesium Medikus. Shrubs, rarely small trees, deciduous, rarely evergreen

More information

Flora of China 4:

Flora of China 4: Flora of China 4: 132 138. 1999. CHLORANTHACEAE 金粟兰科 jin su lan ke Xia Nianhe ( 夏念和 ) 1 ; Joël Jérémie 2 Shrubs, small trees, or perennial herbs. Leaves simple; stipules small; petioles usually connate

More information

20. TONGOLOA H. Wolff, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 9:

20. TONGOLOA H. Wolff, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 9: Flora of China 14: 34 37. 2005. 20. TONGOLOA H. Wolff, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem. 9: 279. 1925. 东俄芹属 dong e qin shu Pan Zehui ( 潘泽惠 ); Mark F. Watson Herbs perennial, essentially glabrous, often

More information

48. AMYGDALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

48. AMYGDALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 9: 391 395. 2003. Persica Miller. 48. AMYGDALUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 472. 1753. 桃属 tao shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed or

More information

26. CHELONOPSIS Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2:

26. CHELONOPSIS Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: Flora of China 17: 135 139. 1994. 26. CHELONOPSIS Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 2: 111. 1865. 铃子香属 ling zi xiang shu Herbs or shrubs. Leaves crenate to serrate. Verticillasters in axils or upper

More information

2. MORUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

2. MORUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 2. MORUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 986. 1753. 桑属 sang shu Trees or shrubs, deciduous, with latex; monoecious or dioecious. Winter buds with 3 6 bud scales; scales imbricate. Stipules free, sublateral, caducous.

More information

Flora of China 6:

Flora of China 6: Flora of China 6: 127 132. 2001. 1. PAEONIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:530. 1753 芍药属 shao yao shu Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those of the family. Paeonia is a very

More information

14. TOXICODENDRON Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed

14. TOXICODENDRON Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed 14. TOXICODENDRON Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 1754. 漆树属 qi shu shu Deciduous shrubs or trees, rarely a woody climber, with white latex in phloem, turning black upon air exposure, polygamous or dioecious.

More information

AUCUBACEAE. Flora of China 14:

AUCUBACEAE. Flora of China 14: Flora of China 14: 222 226. 2005. AUCUBACEAE 桃叶珊瑚科 tao ye shan hu ke Xiang Qiuyun ( 向秋云 Jenny Xiang) 1 ; David Boufford 2 Trees or shrubs, dioecious; branches opposite, cylindrical. Leaves opposite, estipulate,

More information

7. OLEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 木犀榄属 mu xi lan shu

7. OLEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 木犀榄属 mu xi lan shu Flora of China 15: 295 298. 1996. Tetrapilus Loureiro. 7. OLEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 7. 1753. 木犀榄属 mu xi lan shu Trees or shrubs, evergreen, sometimes polygamodioecious. Leaves opposite, simple, petiolate;

More information

18. SORBUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

18. SORBUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 18. SORBUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 477. 1753. 1 花楸属 hua qiu shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Stephen A. Spongberg Aria (Persoon) Host; Micromeles Decaisne; Pleiosorbus Lihua Zhou & C. Y. Wu; Sorbus subgen.

More information

54. MICROTOENA Prain, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 19: t

54. MICROTOENA Prain, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 19: t Flora of China 17: 189 194. 1994. 54. MICROTOENA Prain, Hooker's Icon. Pl. 19: t. 1872. 1889. 冠唇花属 guan chun hua shu Herbs erect. Leaf blade margin dentate. Cymes dichotomous, axillary and/or in terminal

More information

MASTIXIACEAE. 1. MASTIXIA Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13:

MASTIXIACEAE. 1. MASTIXIA Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 13: Flora of China 14: 230 232. 2005. MASTIXIACEAE 单室茱萸科 dan shi zhu yu ke Xiang Qiuyun ( 向秋云 Jenny Xiang) 1, Xiang Qibai ( 向其柏 Shang Chih-bei) 2 ; David E. Boufford 3, Porter P. Lowry II 4 Trees evergreen,

More information

18. NEPETA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

18. NEPETA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 18. NEPETA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 570. 1753. 荆芥属 jing jie shu Subshrubs or perennial or annual herbs, usually aromatic, occasionally gynomonoecious or gynodioecious. Verticillasters in spikes or opposite

More information

28. ALCHORNEA Swartz, Prodr. 6:

28. ALCHORNEA Swartz, Prodr. 6: 28. ALCHORNEA Swartz, Prodr. 6: 98. 1788. 山麻杆属 shan ma gan shu Qiu Huaxing ( 丘华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-shing, Kiu Hua-xing); Michael G. Gilbert Caturus Loureiro; Cladodes Loureiro; Stipellaria Bentham

More information

4. SYRINGA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 丁香属 ding xiang shu

4. SYRINGA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 丁香属 ding xiang shu Flora of China 15: 280 286. 1996. 4. SYRINGA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753. 丁香属 ding xiang shu Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branchlets terete or 4-angled; pith solid; winter buds scaly, terminal buds

More information

15. GLEDITSIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

15. GLEDITSIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Flora of China 10: 36 39. 2010. 15. GLEDITSIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1056. 1753. 皂荚属 zao jia shu Chen Dezhao ( 陈德昭 Chen Te-chao), Zhang Dianxiang ( 张奠湘 ); Kai Larsen Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Trunk and

More information

64. CLINOPODIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

64. CLINOPODIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Flora of China 17: 228 231. 1994. 64. CLINOPODIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 587. 1753. 风轮菜属 feng lun cai shu Herbs perennial. Leaves dentate, reduced upward, bractlike. Verticillasters ± headlike, in panicles;

More information

1. HYDROCOTYLE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

1. HYDROCOTYLE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 14: 14 17. 2005. 1. HYDROCOTYLE Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 234. 1753. 天胡荽属 tian hu sui shu She Menglan ( 佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan); Mark F. Watson, John F. M. Cannon Herbs perennial. Stem slender, creeping

More information

Flora of China 4:

Flora of China 4: Flora of China 4: 139 162. 1999. 1 1. POPULUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1034. 1753. 杨属 yang shu Trees; trunk usually straight; bark furrowed or smooth, often gray or tan; pith mostly 5-angled in cross section.

More information

1. HEMSLEYA Cogniaux ex F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23:

1. HEMSLEYA Cogniaux ex F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 1. HEMSLEYA Cogniaux ex F. B. Forbes & Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 490. 1888. 雪胆属 xue dan shu Lu Anmin ( 路安民 Lu An-ming); Charles Jeffrey Herbs, perennial, scandent. Roots enlarged, oblate or rarely

More information

149. CORETHRODENDRON Fischer & Basiner, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 4:

149. CORETHRODENDRON Fischer & Basiner, Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 4: 26. Tribe HEDYSAREAE 岩黄耆族 yan huang qi zu Liu Yingxin ( 刘媖心 Liou Yingxin, Liu Ying-hsin), Xu Langran ( 徐朗然 Xu Lang-rang), Chang Zhaoyang ( 常朝阳 ), Zhu Xiangyun ( 朱相云 ), Sun Hang ( 孙航 ); Gennady P. Yakovlev,

More information

12. RUMEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

12. RUMEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 12. RUMEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753. 酸模属 suan mo shu Li Anjen ( 李安仁 Li An-ren); Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Sergei L. Mosyakin Herbs perennial or less commonly annual, rarely shrubs, rarely dioecious.

More information

1. ZINGIBER Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [1545]. 1754, nom. cons.

1. ZINGIBER Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [1545]. 1754, nom. cons. Flora of China 24: 323 333. 2000. 1. ZINGIBER Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4, [1545]. 1754, nom. cons. 姜属 jiang shu Rhizomes branched, tuberous, aromatic. Pseudostems erect, leafy. Leaves distichous,

More information

3. POLYGALA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

3. POLYGALA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 3. POLYGALA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 701. 1753. 远志属 yuan zhi shu Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs or small trees, rarely small, woody climbers. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, petiolate;

More information

7. TRIPTEROSPERMUM Blume, Bijdr

7. TRIPTEROSPERMUM Blume, Bijdr Flora of China 16: 7 11. 1995. 7. TRIPTEROSPERMUM Blume, Bijdr. 849. 1826. 双蝴蝶属 shuang hu die shu Perennials. Stems elongated and twining or prostrate and creeping, rarely erect in some individuals. Leaves

More information

Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. (Rosaceae): A New Record to the Flora of Taiwan

Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. (Rosaceae): A New Record to the Flora of Taiwan Taiwania, 50(1): 57-61, 2005 Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. (Rosaceae): A New Record to the Flora of Taiwan Fu-Yuan Lu (1), Kun-Cheng Chang (1,3), Kwo-Shang Lai (2) (Manuscript received 30 December, 2004;

More information

VIOLACEAE. 1. RINOREA Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane, , nom. cons.

VIOLACEAE. 1. RINOREA Aublet, Hist. Pl. Guiane, , nom. cons. VIOLACEAE 堇菜科 jin cai ke Chen Yousheng ( 陈又生 ) 1, Yang Qiner ( 杨亲二 ) 1 ; Hideaki Ohba 2, Vladimir V. Nikitin 3 Herbs annual or perennial, shrubs, or subshrubs, sometimes scandent, rarely small trees. Leaves

More information

56. SALVIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

56. SALVIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 17: 195 222. 1994. 56. SALVIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 23. 1753. 鼠尾草属 shu wei cao shu Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Leaves simple or pinnately compound. Verticillasters 2- to many flowered, in

More information

53. LAUROCERASUS Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1:

53. LAUROCERASUS Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: Flora of China 9: 426 430. 2003. 53. LAUROCERASUS Duhamel, Traité Arbr. Arbust. 1: 345. 1755. 桂樱属 gui ying shu Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti); Bruce Bartholomew Trees or shrubs, evergreen or very rarely deciduous.

More information

26. HYDRANGEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

26. HYDRANGEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 26. HYDRANGEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753. 绣球属 xiu qiu shu Wei Zhaofen ( 卫兆芬 Wei Chao-fen); Bruce Bartholomew Subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees, erect or climbing, deciduous or evergreen. Branchlets,

More information

CLETHRACEAE. 1. CLETHRA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

CLETHRACEAE. 1. CLETHRA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 14: 238 241. 2005. 桤叶树科 qi ye shu ke Qin Haining ( 覃海宁 ) 1 ; Peter Fritsch 2 Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Buds, branches, leaf blades, inflorescences, and flowers with sparse

More information

117. Barringtoniaceae 527

117. Barringtoniaceae 527 117. Barringtoniaceae 527 117. BARRINGTONIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, often large, mostly elongated, usually subsessile and crowded at ends of branchlets, estipulate. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic,

More information

2. MELIOSMA Blume, Catalogus,

2. MELIOSMA Blume, Catalogus, 2. MELIOSMA Blume, Catalogus, 10. 1823. 泡花树属 pao hua shu shu Millingtonia Roxburgh, Pl. Coromandel 3: 50. 1820 [ 1819 ], not Linnaeus f. (1782); Wellingtonia Meisner (1840), not Lindley (1853). Trees or

More information

GERANIACEAE. 1. GERANIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

GERANIACEAE. 1. GERANIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: GERANIACEAE 牻牛儿苗科 mang niu er miao ke Xu Langran ( 徐朗然 Xu Lang-rang) 1 ; Carlos Aedo 2 Herbs, annual or perennial [rarely shrublets or shrubs]. Stipules present. Leaves alternate or opposite, palmately

More information

1. CORNUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

1. CORNUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 14: 206 220. 2005. 1. CORNUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 117. 1753. 山茱萸属 shan zhu yu shu Shrubs, trees, or herblike shrubs, precocious, coetaneous, or serotinous. Young shoots pubescent, rarely

More information

1. BUXUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

1. BUXUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Fl. China 11: 321 328. 2008. 1. BUXUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 983. 1753. 黄杨属 huang yang shu Shrubs or small trees, 0.15 6 m tall, evergreen, monoecious. Young branches tetragonous. Leaves opposite, shortly

More information

POLYGALACEAE. 远志科 yuan zhi ke

POLYGALACEAE. 远志科 yuan zhi ke 远志科 yuan zhi ke Chen Shukun ( 陈书坤 ) 1, Ma Haiying ( 马海英 ) 2 ; John A. N. Parnell 3 Perennial or annual herbs or shrubs or trees, rarely small herbs (the latter sometimes saprophytic). Leaves simple, alternate,

More information

Two new species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae) from Sarawak, Borneo

Two new species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae) from Sarawak, Borneo Taiwania 61(4): 355 361, 2016 DOI: 10.6165/tai.2016.61.355 Two new species of Pentaphragma (Pentaphragmataceae) from Sarawak, Borneo Che-Wei LIN Herbarium of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, No. 53,

More information

MARANTACEAE. 1. PHRYNIUM Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1: 1, , nom. cons.

MARANTACEAE. 1. PHRYNIUM Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 1: 1, , nom. cons. Flora of China 24: 379 382. 2000. MARANTACEAE 竹竽科 zhu yu ke Wu Delin ( 吴德邻 Wu Te-lin) 1 ; Helen Kennedy 2 Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Aerial stems present or absent. Leaves distichous, usually large;

More information

HERNANDIACEAE. 莲叶桐科 lian ye tong ke

HERNANDIACEAE. 莲叶桐科 lian ye tong ke 莲叶桐科 lian ye tong ke Li Xiwen ( 李锡文 Li Hsi-wen) 1, Li Jie ( 李捷 ) 2 ; Brigitta E. E. Duyfjes 3 Trees, shrubs, or scandent lianas. Leaves simple or palmately compound, petiolate, circinate and scandent in

More information

15. GLYCOSMIS Corrêa, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 6: , nom. cons.

15. GLYCOSMIS Corrêa, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 6: , nom. cons. 15. GLYCOSMIS Corrêa, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 6: 384. 1805, nom. cons. 山小橘属 shan xiao ju shu Zhang Dianxiang ( 张奠湘 ); Thomas G. Hartley Shrubs or trees, unarmed, with rust-colored villosulous indumentum

More information

1. PITTOSPORUM Banks ex Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: , nom. cons.

1. PITTOSPORUM Banks ex Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: , nom. cons. 1. PITTOSPORUM Banks ex Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 286. 1788, nom. cons. Tobira Adanson, nom. rej. 海桐花属 hai tong hua shu Trees, shrubs, or sometimes subshrubs, evergreen, pubescent or glabrous. Leaves

More information

3. CODONOPSIS Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2:

3. CODONOPSIS Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: Glosocomia D. Don. 3. CODONOPSIS Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 103. 1824. 党参属 dang shen shu Hong Deyuan ( 洪德元 ); Thomas G. Lammers, Laura L. Klein Herbs, perennial, often fetid. Roots thickened, carrot-shaped,

More information

5. OENOTHERA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

5. OENOTHERA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 5. OENOTHERA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 346. 1753. 月见草属 yue jian cao shu Chen Jiarui ( 陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Peter C. Hoch, Warren L. Wagner Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, caulescent or acaulescent, with

More information

14. POLYALTHIA Blume, Fl. Javae, Annonaceae,

14. POLYALTHIA Blume, Fl. Javae, Annonaceae, 14. POLYALTHIA Blume, Fl. Javae, Annonaceae, 68. 1830. 暗罗属 an luo shu Li Bingtao ( 李秉滔 Li Ping-tao); Michael G. Gilbert Trees or shrubs. Inflorescences axillary, internodal, or leaf-opposed, sessile or

More information

20. ALLOPHYLUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

20. ALLOPHYLUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 20. ALLOPHYLUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 348. 1753. 异木患属 yi mu huan shu Shrubs, rarely trees [rarely woody climbers], monoecious or dioecious. Leaves digitate, stipules absent; leaflets 1 5, petiolate or subsessile,

More information

50. CROTALARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: , nom. cons.

50. CROTALARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: , nom. cons. Flora of China 10: 105 117. 2010. 50. CROTALARIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 714. 1753, nom. cons. 猪屎豆属 zhu shi dou shu Li Jianqiang ( 李建强 ), Sun Hang ( 孙航 ); Roger M. Polhill, Michael G. Gilbert Goniogyna Candolle;

More information

1. MAESA Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt. Arab

1. MAESA Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt. Arab Flora of China 15: 1 9. 1996. 1. MAESA Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 66. 1775. 杜茎山属 du jing shan shu Shrubs or rarely small trees. Leaves entire, serrate, or dentate at margin, usually punctate. Inflorescences

More information

6. CALLICARPA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

6. CALLICARPA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 6. CALLICARPA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 111. 1753. 紫珠属 zi zhu shu Shrubs or trees, erect or rarely climbing; hairs stellate, verticillately branched, dendritic, mealy tomentose, or rarely simple and hooked.

More information

GUIDE TO THE GENERA OF LIANAS AND CLIMBING PLANTS IN THE NEOTROPICS

GUIDE TO THE GENERA OF LIANAS AND CLIMBING PLANTS IN THE NEOTROPICS GUIDE TO THE GENERA OF LIANAS AND CLIMBING PLANTS IN THE NEOTROPICS ANACARDIACEAEAE By Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez (5 Jun 2017) A predominantly pantropical family, extending to temperate regions, mostly of

More information

91. PEUCEDANUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

91. PEUCEDANUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Kitagawia Pimenov. 91. PEUCEDANUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 245. 1753. 前胡属 qian hu shu She Menglan ( 佘孟兰 Sheh Meng-lan); Mark F. Watson Herbs perennial. Rootstock short, crown usually bearing remnant leaf sheaths.

More information

Palaquium, Palaquioides Dubard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Pr. 56, Mém. 16, 1909, 19. brachyblasts covered by numerous scars of bracts.

Palaquium, Palaquioides Dubard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Pr. 56, Mém. 16, 1909, 19. brachyblasts covered by numerous scars of bracts. Fig. Palaquium Revision of the Sapotaceae of the Malaysian area in a wider sense XVII. Aulandra H.J. Lam by P. van Royen (Rijksherbarium, Leiden) (Issued Oct. 2nd, 1958) Aulandra H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard.

More information

OLACACEAE. 1. XIMENIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

OLACACEAE. 1. XIMENIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: Flora of China 5: 200-204. 2003. 铁青树科 tie qing shu ke Qiu Huaxing ( 邱华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-xing) 1 ; Michael G. Gilbert 2 Shrubs, scandent shrubs, trees, or lianas, sometimes hemiparasitic, often

More information

8. MURDANNIA Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: , nom. cons.

8. MURDANNIA Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: , nom. cons. 8. MURDANNIA Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 1: 403. 1840, nom. cons. 水竹叶属 shui zhu ye shu Baoulia A. Chevalier; Dichaespermum Wight; Dilasia Rafinesque, nom. rej.; Phaeneilema Brückner; Prionostachys Hasskarl;

More information

12. BOEHMERIA Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 9:

12. BOEHMERIA Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 9: 12. BOEHMERIA Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 9: 31. 1760. 苎麻属 zhu ma shu Chen Jiarui ( 陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Ib Friis, C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear Trees small, shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, without stinging

More information

162. MEDICAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: , nom. cons.

162. MEDICAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: , nom. cons. Flora of China 10: 553 557. 2010. 162. MEDICAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 778. 1753, nom. cons. 苜蓿属 mu xu shu Annual or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; stipules adnate to petiole

More information

40. ACALYPHA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2:

40. ACALYPHA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 40. ACALYPHA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1003. 1753. 铁苋菜属 tie xian cai shu Qiu Huaxing ( 丘华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-shing, Kiu Hua-xing); Michael G. Gilbert Herbs, shrubs or trees, mostly monoecious, sometimes

More information

3. TURPINIA Ventenat, Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1807(1): 3. Jul 1807, nom. cons., not Bonpland (Apr 1807).

3. TURPINIA Ventenat, Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1807(1): 3. Jul 1807, nom. cons., not Bonpland (Apr 1807). 3. TURPINIA Ventenat, Mém. Cl. Sci. Math. Inst. Natl. France 1807(1): 3. Jul 1807, nom. cons., not Bonpland (Apr 1807). 山香圆属 shan xiang yuan shu Triceros Loureiro. Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous.

More information

TAMARICACEAE. 柽柳科 cheng liu ke

TAMARICACEAE. 柽柳科 cheng liu ke TAMARICACEAE 柽柳科 cheng liu ke Yang Qiner ( 杨亲二 ) 1 ; John Gaskin 2 Shrubs, subshrubs, or trees. Leaves small, mostly scale-like, alternate, estipulate, usually sessile, mostly with salt-secreting glands.

More information

24. CRYPTOCARYA R. Brown, Prodr , nom. cons.

24. CRYPTOCARYA R. Brown, Prodr , nom. cons. 24. CRYPTOCARYA R. Brown, Prodr. 402. 1810, nom. cons. 厚壳桂属 hou ke gui shu Li Xiwen ( 李锡文 Li Hsi-wen), Li Jie ( 李捷 ); Henk van der Werff Ravensara Sonnerat. Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bud scales few,

More information

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY Plant: herbs; shrubs or rarely trees or vines Stem: Root: Leaves: simple, mostly entire but some lobed or pinnately/palmately divided; mostly opposite but some alternate or whorled;

More information

AMARANTHACEAE. 苋科 xian ke

AMARANTHACEAE. 苋科 xian ke Flora of China 9: 415-429. 2003. AMARANTHACEAE 苋科 xian ke Bao Bojian ( 包伯坚 ) 1 ; Steven E. Clemants 2, Thomas Borsch 3 Herbs, clambering subshrubs, shrubs, or lianas. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire,

More information

28. SUAEDA Forsskål ex J. F. Gmelin, Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: , nom. cons.

28. SUAEDA Forsskål ex J. F. Gmelin, Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: , nom. cons. 28. SUAEDA Forsskål ex J. F. Gmelin, Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 797. 1776, nom. cons. 碱蓬属 jian peng shu Herbs annual, subshrubs, or shrubs, sometimes glaucous, glabrous, rarely pubescent. Stem erect, obliquely

More information

1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2,

1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, Flora of China 12: 334 355. 2007. 1. ACTINIDIA Lindley, Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, 439. 1836. 猕猴桃属 mi hou tao shu Kalomikta Regel; Trochostigma Siebold & Zuccarini. Climbing shrubs, glabrous or hairy, indumentum

More information

SABIACEAE. 清风藤科 qing feng teng ke

SABIACEAE. 清风藤科 qing feng teng ke SABIACEAE 清风藤科 qing feng teng ke Guo Lixiu ( 郭丽秀 ) 1 ; Anthony R. Brach 2 Trees, shrubs, or woody climbers, deciduous or evergreen. Leaves alternate, simple or odd pinnately compound; stipules absent.

More information

4. EPILOBIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

4. EPILOBIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 4. EPILOBIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753. 柳叶菜属 liu ye cai shu Chen Jiarui ( 陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven Boisduvalia Spach; Chamaenerion Séguier; Zauschneria Presl. Herbs perennial

More information

杓兰亚科 shao lan ya ke. 杓兰属 shao lan shu

杓兰亚科 shao lan ya ke. 杓兰属 shao lan shu 2. Subfam. CYPRIPEDIOIDEAE 杓兰亚科 shao lan ya ke Chen Xinqi ( 陈心启 Chen Sing-chi), Liu Zhongjian ( 刘仲健 ); Phillip J. Cribb Small to large terrestrial, lithophytic, or rarely epiphytic herbs. Roots elongate,

More information

URTICACEAE. Flora of China 5:

URTICACEAE. Flora of China 5: Flora of China 5: 76-189. 2003. URTICACEAE 荨麻科 qian ma ke Chen Jiarui ( 陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui) 1, Lin Qi ( 林祁 ) 1 ; Ib Friis 2, C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear 3, Alex K. Monro 4 Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely

More information

19. CAESALPINIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

19. CAESALPINIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 10: 41 47. 2010. 19. CAESALPINIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 380. 1753. 云实属 yun shi shu Chen Dezhao ( 陈德昭 Chen Te-chao), Zhang Dianxiang ( 张奠湘 ); Ding Hou Guilandina Linnaeus; Mezonevron Desfontaines.

More information

3. CAPPARIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

3. CAPPARIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 3. CAPPARIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 503. 1753. 山柑属 shan gan shu Shrubs, small trees, or vines, evergreen, erect, climbing, or sometimes prostrate. New branches often with branched or simple trichomes, glabrescent

More information

Flora of China 4:

Flora of China 4: Flora of China 4: 85 88. 1999. CEPHALOTAXACEAE 三尖杉科 san jian shan ke Fu Liguo ( 傅立国 Fu Li-kuo) 1, Li Nan ( 李楠 ) 2 ; Robert R. Mill 3 Trees or shrubs evergreen, dioecious (occasionally monoecious); bud

More information

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY Plant: annual or more commonly perennial Stem: stem (solid) is termed a culm, simple, mostly erect, often angled (mostly triangular) but some round or angled; some with rhizomes

More information

VERBENACEAE. 马鞭草科 ma bian cao ke. Chen Shou-liang; Michael G. Gilbert

VERBENACEAE. 马鞭草科 ma bian cao ke. Chen Shou-liang; Michael G. Gilbert Flora of China 17: 1 49. 1994. VERBENACEAE 马鞭草科 ma bian cao ke Chen Shou-liang; Michael G. Gilbert Shrubs or trees, sometimes climbing shrubs, rarely herbs. Indumentum of simple, stellate, and/or other

More information

37. ARCHIDENDRON F. Mueller, Fragm. 5:

37. ARCHIDENDRON F. Mueller, Fragm. 5: Flora of China 10: 66 71. 2010. 37. ARCHIDENDRON F. Mueller, Fragm. 5: 59. 1865. Cylindrokelupha Kostermans; Paralbizzia Kostermans. 猴耳环属 hou er huan shu Trees or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves bipinnate; stipules

More information

Arecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm

Arecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm Arecaceae palm family Washingtonia filifera California fanpalm Sight ID characteristics Southwestern US Moist soils, streams and narrow mountain canyons; oases Trunk stout, straight, leaves tufted at top,

More information

1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 24: 297 312. 2000. 1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 38. 1753. 鸢尾属 yuan wei shu Pardanthopsis (Hance) Lenz. Herbs perennial, usually with short or long rhizomes (or bulbs), sometimes with swollen

More information

OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY

OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY Plant: woody vines, shrubs and trees Stem: Root: Leaves: mostly deciduous, some evergreen; simple or pinnately compound, opposite or rarely alternate; no stipules or rare Flowers:

More information

PLANTAGINACEAE. 1. PLANTAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

PLANTAGINACEAE. 1. PLANTAGO Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: PLANTAGINACEAE 车前科 che qian ke Li Zhenyu ( 李振宇 ) 1, Wei Lai ( 魏来 ) 1 ; Ronald K. Hoggard 2 Herbs or small shrubs, rarely arborescent. Stipules absent. Leaves spirally alternate, usually in a basal rosette,

More information

IRIDACEAE. 1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

IRIDACEAE. 1. IRIS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 24: 297 313. 2000. IRIDACEAE 鸢尾科 yuan wei ke Zhao Yutang ( 赵毓棠 ) 1 ; Henry J. Noltie 2, Brian Mathew 3 Herbs perennial (or shrubs or annuals), with rhizomes, bulbs, or corms. Leaves alternate,

More information

CONNARACEAE. 1. CNESTIS Jussieu, Gen. Pl

CONNARACEAE. 1. CNESTIS Jussieu, Gen. Pl Flora of China 9: 435 439. 2003. 牛栓藤科 niu shuan teng ke Lu Lingdi ( 陆玲娣 Lu Ling-ti) 1 ; Nicholas J. Turland 2 Trees small, shrubs, or vines, erect or scandent, evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate,

More information

1. ULMUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1:

1. ULMUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: Flora of China 5: 1-19. 2003. ULMACEAE 榆科 yu ke Fu Liguo ( 傅立国 Fu Li-kuo) 1, Xin Yiqun ( 辛益群 ) 2 ; Alan Whittemore 3 Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Winter buds with scales, rarely naked; axillary

More information