Sprouting in Storage
|
|
- Kristopher Boone
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sprouting in Storage: Impact and Control Nora Olsen University of Idaho Kimberly, Idaho, USA Sprouting in Storage Seed age and behavior Sprouting and field performance Impact of variety/storage Dormancy Sprout control Product and temperature combinations 1
2 Photos courtesy of PVMI Clearwater Russet Alpine Russet Classic Russet Premier Russet Photos courtesy of PVMI 2
3 Variety Dormancy Processing Quality Attributes Dry Rot Weight Suggested Use Glucose Mottling Potential Loss Fresh Process Russet Burbank long mod mod mod low X X Alturas short mod low low - X Alpine Russet long low low high-mod mod-low X Bannock Russet mod mod low mod-low - X X Blazer Russet mod mod mod-low mod - X Classic Russet mod mod mod high-mod mod X Clearwater Russet short low low high mod-low X X Highland Russet short mod high mod-low mod X Owyhee Russet mod low low mod mod X X Premier Russet short low low high high X Ranger Russet short mod high mod low X Umatilla Russet mod mod-low high high-mod - X Western Russet short mod low low low X X mod = moderate Dormancy: (days after harvest) long >150 days, mod days, short <100 days until sprout elongation begins when stored at 7.2 C Glucose: high 0.1, mod , low 0.05 at ~160 days after harvest when stored at 7.2 C Mottling: is the dark colored flecking that can occur in french fried potatoes, Weight Loss: is classified relative to Russet Burbank (RB), where high 2x that of RB, mod is x RB, and low = RB Weight loss: - denotes data not available Described Dormancy Length Long 150 days Moderate days Short 100 days Russet B Bannock R Alturas Alpine R Blazer R Clearwater R Classic R Owyhee R Umatilla R Highland R Premier R Ranger R Western R R Norkotah Dormancy Length (days) = # of days until 80% tubers have one sprout < 5mm (elongation is beginning to occur); Data at 7.2 C 3
4 Knowledge of Dormancy Length Seed Temperature response Sprouting upon removal Physiological age desired size profile Selecting for short, mid- or long term storage Marketing of potatoes Proper timing of sprout inhibitors Change in quality Temperature and Dormancy Higher the storage temperature, shorter the dormancy period When warmer temperatures occurred and for how long In fall after harvest In spring, warming up seed prior to planting 4
5 Dormancy Length (days) Variety 5.6 C 7.2 C 8.9 C R Burbank Alpine Classic Umatilla Owyhee Premier Clearwater Highland Ranger Ranger Russet Russet Burbank Seed storage treatments: 38 F 38 F & 45 F Prior to planting in spring 38 F & 60 F a) 3.3 C until planting (no aging) b) 3.3 C and 1 month at 7.2 C prior to planting c) 3.3 C and 2 weeks at 15.6 C 5
6 Ranger Russet 3.3 C 3.3 C & 7.2 C 3.3 C & 15.6 C Emergence, stem and yield Russet Burbank Ranger Russet 1. Control At 39 F days at 55 F days at 55 F days at 72 F days at 72 F days at 90 F Seed storage treatments: Occurred after harvest in fall After 2 weeks of curing at 12.8 C days at 90 F Russet Burbank 6
7 Ranger Russet 1. Control At 3.9 C days at 12.8 C days at 12.8 C days at 22 C days at 22 C days at 32 C days at 32 C Russet Burbank 2008 Percent Emergence in Seven Seed Age Treatments of 'Russet Burbank' Potatoes Russet Burbank Percent Emergence 2008 Percent Emergence in Seven Seed Age Treatments of 'Ranger Russet' Potatoes Ranger Russet % Emergence RB-1 RB-2 RB-3 RB-4 RB-5 RB-6 RB-7 % Emergence Rang-1 Rang-2 Rang-3 Rang-4 Rang-5 Rang-6 Rang Days After Planting Days After Planting 7
8 Warmer Temperature Exposure Other Impacts on Dormancy Variety Inherent dormancy Temperature Pre-harvest conditions Growing season, stress, temperature, maturity Post-harvest conditions Temperature- level, duration, fluctuation Light affects morphology of emerging sprouts Exogenous products 8
9 Shepody Sprouting at 3.3 C storage Percent Sprouting Days after Harvest Ranger Russet Sprouting at 3.3 C storage Percent Sprouting Days after Harvest 9
10 Performance Seed Age and Performance Young T Ideal 3.3 C T 3.3 C Old Age Physiological age Cultivar Performance 10
11 Importance of Sprout Control Minimize weight loss Minimize physical and processing quality changes Maintain quality Fresh market- no visible sprout Seed potatoes Storage Management - temperature, air flow 11
12 Dormancy Length (days) Variety 5.6 C 7.2 C 8.9 C R Burbank Alpine Classic Umatilla Owyhee Premier Clearwater Highland Ranger Mean Dormancy Length (days) for Russet Burbank Year 5.6 C 7.2 C 8.9 C /- 15 +/- 20 +/
13 Sprout Control Options Variety selection Low storage temperatures Product application In-field In-storage Spray application at packing shed for fresh market Major Sprout Control Products in the US Chlorpropham (CIPC) Maleic hydrazide (MH) field applied Diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN; Amplify) Dimethylnaphthalene (DMN; 1,4-sight) 3-decen-2-one (SmartBlock) Clove oil (Biox C; Sprout Torch)- organic *Mint oil or other essential oils- organic 13
14 Sprout Control Programs CIPC based Thermal (forced air storage; recirculation) and/or spray application May have other products in mix or sequence; reduced rates No CIPC Sole or multiple product programs Organic or non-cipc markets Seed potato options Product for sprout control and to blacken eyes for retail fresh market Thermal or spray CIPC In-storage (1 sprout inhibitor used) apply as thermal fog temperature, method of application and equipment are applicator dependent initial application early, before pile settles, after wound healing depending upon cultivar, temperature and duration in storage, typically apply 15 to 25 ppm; retreat only if necessary (~10-15 ppm) Packing sheds Spray (EC) formulation applied to washed potatoes 14
15 Maleic Hydrazide applied in field Russet Burbank July Non-registered compound Early MH + CIPC Late MH + CIPC 15
16 Maleic hydrazide Effective for severely retarding sprout growth Extend dormancy break by approximately 30 days Timing important Good for aggressive sprouting varieties Effective sprout control programs Alone MH-30 followed by CIPC or other sprout inhibitor in storage 16
17 Naphthalene based products Diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) Typically, thermally applied in combination with CIPC Dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) Thermally applied alone or with CIPC program Aerosol canisters for shipping containers Thermal application to seed (30 days before planting) 3-decen-2-one (SmartBlock) Long carbon chain ketone- (3-decen-2-one) Identified and patented by Dr. Rick Knowles of Washington State University Registered in US and Canada in 2013 by AMVAC Chemical Corp Chemically synthesized food additive but identical to naturally occurring substances found in food Generally Regarded As Safe (FEMA) 17
18 3-decen-2-one Apply thermally Apply at visual initiation of sprouting most effective Can apply earlier prior to visual and control sprouting Advanced sprouting- damage sprouts. Long-term sprout control with 1 to 3 applications depending upon storage temperatures and variety Higher storage temperatures; aggressive sprouting varieties may need additional applications Blackens eyes; damage immediately observed; odor Integrate into effective sprout control programs that may include CIPC, MH, others 18
19 Clove Oil Distilled from Syzygium aromaticum plant Active ingredient is eugenol Organic approved in US Apply thermally; EC Spray Mode of action: physically damages sprout Untreated CIPC Clove oil 90 ppm Essential Oils: Clove Oil; Mint Oil Effective for sprout control Reapplication is necessary for long-term control 50 to 100 ppm each treatment Dependent upon variety and storage temperature ~2 to 6 week intervals Blackens eyes; Odor Effective sprout control programs 4 Alone (organic approved) 2 MH plus clove oil (no CIPC) 0 CIPC plus clove oil= true mix or sequence Days after harvest Sprout length (cm/tuber) Peppermint Spearmint Untreated CIPC
20 Taste difference Spearmint Peppermint Untreated CIPC Russet Burbank after 9 months in 7.2 C storage (8 applications of mint oil) 3-decen-2-one (SmartBlock) and clove oil on sprout control Variety: Chipeta; Temperature: 8.9 C 3 applications of either clove oil or 3-decen-2-one at ~ same time 20
21 Current Major Sprout Control Options Variety selection and cooler temperatures Maleic Hydrazide field application; 30 day longer dormancy; slow sprout growth CIPC highly effective DMN and DIPN mild sprout suppressants; use in combination with CIPC Clove oil- organic; mix with CIPC; blackens sprouts 3-decen-2-one alone or in combination with others. Blackens sprouts Development of integrated programs New chemistries CIPC Stewardship ~ Global Priority 21
22 6/12/0 9 5 ppm 10 ppm 2.5 ppm Untreated Seed Exposure to CIPC 22
23 Swabbing for CIPC residues (ppm) Treated Bins Preapplication September After application December After cleaning August Bin 1 Both years prior Bin 2 Both years prior 35 1,100 3 Bin 3 Both years prior Bin4 Only 1 year prior
24 Variety Dormancy Processing Quality Attributes Dry Rot Weight Suggested Use Glucose Mottling Potential Loss Fresh Process Russet Burbank long mod mod mod low X X Alturas short mod low low - X Alpine Russet long low low high-mod mod-low X Bannock Russet mod mod low mod-low - X X Blazer Russet mod mod mod-low mod - X Classic Russet mod mod mod high-mod mod X Clearwater Russet short low low high mod-low X X Highland Russet short mod high mod-low mod X Owyhee Russet mod low low mod mod X X Premier Russet short low low high high X Ranger Russet short mod high mod low X Umatilla Russet mod mod-low high high-mod - X Western Russet short mod low low low X X mod = moderate Dormancy: (days after harvest) long >150 days, mod days, short <100 days until sprout elongation begins when stored at 7.2 C Glucose: high 0.1, mod , low 0.05 at ~160 days after harvest when stored at 7.2 C Mottling: is the dark colored flecking that can occur in french fried potatoes, Weight Loss: is classified relative to Russet Burbank (RB), where high 2x that of RB, mod is x RB, and low = RB Weight loss: - denotes data not available Sprouting in Storage: Impact and Control Variety Market sector Field and Storage Conditions Control Options Quality Maintenance 24
Potato Biology. Structure of a potato plant and tubers Dormancy and sprouting Controlling sprouts in stored potatoes
Potato Biology Structure of a potato plant and tubers Dormancy and sprouting Controlling sprouts in stored potatoes bud internode Enlarging tip of stolon an underground stem (Eyes = buds) Sprout growth
More informationInnovation for fresh markets? Modern box stores Excellent climate control Excellent sprout control? Tools: Refrigeration CIPC Ethylene spearmint oil
Storage 2020 Innovation in fresh market sprout suppression of potatoes Tjaart Hofman Certis Europe BV hofman@certiseurope.com Innovation for fresh markets? Modern box stores Excellent climate control Excellent
More informationSelection of good seed is a
Potato Facts Selecting, Cutting and Handling Potato Seed Steven B. Johnson, Ph.D., Crops Specialist Bulletin #2412 Generally, a five percent rule applies with seed lots. A seed lot with five percent or
More informationEffects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets
Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets F. H. PETO 1 W. G. SMITH 2 AND F. R. LOW 3 A study of 20 years results from the Canadian Sugar Factories at Raymond, Alberta, (l) 4 shows
More informationInterim Report. Efficacy of sprout suppressants either alone or in combination to control sprouting of potato
Interim Report Efficacy of sprout suppressants either alone or in combination to control sprouting of potato Project Ref: 11140043 Report Author: Glyn Harper, Sutton Bridge Crop Storage Research, PE12
More informationFactors to consider when ripening avocado
Factors to consider when ripening avocado Mary Lu Arpaia Univ. of CA Riverside, CA mlarpaia@ucanr.edu Why Ripen Avocados? Untreated, fruit ripening may range from a few days to even weeks within a carton
More informationHARVEST. Post Harvest Handling and Storage. Insta Poll (Discussion) How do you decide when to harvest? Post Harvest WHY? Harvest Methods.
Post Harvest WHY? Post Harvest Handling and Storage Storage Opportunity Ultimate Goal Growing Season Storage Opportunity Introductory Vegetable Production Last Spring Frost Average = mid May early Sept
More informationNAPPO Science and Technology Documents. ST 02: Efficacy of Potato Sprout Control Products to Minimize Sprout Production
- 1 - NAPPO Science and Technology Documents ST 02: Efficacy of Potato Sprout Control Products to Minimize Sprout Production Prepared by the members of the NAPPO Technical Advisory Group on Potato Sprout
More informationNAME OF CONTRIBUTOR(S) AND THEIR AGENCY:
TITLE OF PROJECT: Evaluation of Topaz (propiconazole) for transplant size control and earlier maturity of processing tomato. NAME OF CONTRIBUTOR(S) AND THEIR AGENCY: J.W. Zandstra, Ridgetown College, University
More informationTubers (For propagation) Tubers (Packaged and graded for consumption) From All Other States Tubers (Processing or repacking) From All Other States
Commodity Summary Important Notes: 09/27/2013 - Canada has formally announced that they intend to deregulate Heterodera glycines (H. glycines). Effective 25 November 2013, the CFIA will not enforce the
More informationProposed Potato Variety Release
Proposed Potato Variety Release Proposed name: Owyhee Russet Experimental designation: AO96160-3 Botanical name: Solanum tuberosum L. Intended Market: French fry processing/fresh Market General Description:
More informationPOTATOES USA / SNAC-INTERNATIONAL OUT-OF-STORAGE CHIP QUALITY MICHIGAN REGIONAL REPORT
POTATOES USA / SNAC-INTERNATIONAL OUT-OF-STORAGE CHIP QUALITY 2015-2016 MICHIGAN REGIONAL REPORT Chris Long and Aaron Yoder, Michigan State University Procedure: The 2015 Potatoes USA / SNAC-International
More informationRipening and Conditioning Fruits for Fresh-cut
Ripening and Conditioning Fruits for Fresh-cut Adel Kader UCDavis Management of Ripening of Intact and Fresh-cut Fruits 1. Stages of fruit development 2. Fruits that must ripen on the plant 3. Fruits that
More informationHass Seasonality. Avocado Postharvest Handling. Avocado Postharvest Handling. Mary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside
Avocado Postharvest Handling Avocado Postharvest Handling Mary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside Major California Avocado Cultivars Bacon Fuerte Gwen Hass Lamb Hass Pinkerton Reed Zutano Hass
More informationSearching for Fresh Pack Alternatives Through Economic and Taste Evaluations of Tri-State Varieties. RR Spear, MJ Pavek, ZJ Holden
Searching for Fresh Pack Alternatives Through Economic and Taste Evaluatio of Tri-State Varieties RR Spear, MJ Pavek, ZJ Holden The Dominant Fresh Variety: Russet Norkotah Product of North Dakota State
More informationBerelex. Introducing 40 SG. Berelex 40 SG Plant Growth Regulator A 21 st century formulation for fruit and vegetable management
Introducing Berelex Plant Growth Regulator Berelex Plant Growth Regulator A 21 st century formulation for fruit and vegetable management Berelex Plant Growth Regulator Summary of Product Benefits Table
More informationSticking and mold control. TIA Tech 2017 Los Angeles, California Steve Bright
Sticking and mold control TIA Tech 2017 Los Angeles, California Steve Bright Sticking Package Sticking Defined: Two or more tortillas that will not separate from each other without tearing or ripping after
More informationLimitations to avocado postharvest handling. Factors to consider when ripening avocado
Factors to consider when ripening avocado Mary Lu Arpaia Univ. of CA Riverside, CA mlarpaia@ucanr.edu Limitations to avocado postharvest handling v Time after harvest (fruit age) v Stage of ripeness more
More informationMelon Quality & Ripening
Melon Quality & Ripening Marita Cantwell Dept. Plant Sciences, UC Davis micantwell@ucdavis.edu Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Management Workshop Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis, March 17-18, 2015
More informationCrop Production. Cotton Production Down 1 Percent from November Forecast Orange Production Down 1 Percent from October Forecast
Crop Production ISSN: 19363737 Released December 10, 2010, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Cotton
More informationPost-Harvest-Multiple Choice Questions
Post-Harvest-Multiple Choice Questions 1. Chilling injuries arising from the exposure of the products to a temperature a. above the normal physiological range b. below the normal physiological range c.under
More informationEvaluation of FŪSN ( ) on Umatilla Potato Production
Evaluation of FŪSN (26-0-0-14) on Umatilla Potato Production Galen Mooso, Ph.D., Agronomy Manager, and Terry A. Tindall, Ph.D., Director of Agronomy Wilder, Idaho, 2015 Figure 1. Comparison of tubers from
More informationCitrus Crop Guide. New registration for citrus gall wasp
New registration for citrus gall wasp Confidor Guard is the only product available registered for the suppression of citrus gall wasp larvae as they develop inside the shoots of citrus trees. In addition,
More informationHASS CARMEN. Carlos Illsley. Rob Brokaw. Salvador Ochoa. Therese Bruwer A PRECOCIOUS FLOWERING AVOCADO TREE
HASS CARMEN Carlos Illsley Rob Brokaw Salvador Ochoa Therese Bruwer A PRECOCIOUS FLOWERING AVOCADO TREE Introduction In approximately 1986, a distinct avocado tree was observed in the southern region of
More informationCarbon disulphide promotes sprouting of potato minitubers. Kh. Salimi 1*, M. B. Hosseini 1, P. C. Struik 2, R. Tavakkol Afshari 1
AJCS 4(3):163-168 (2010) ISSN:1835-2707 Carbon disulphide promotes sprouting of potato minitubers Kh. Salimi 1*, M. B. Hosseini 1, P. C. Struik 2, R. Tavakkol Afshari 1 1 Department of Agronomy and Plant
More informationFALL TO WINTER CRANBERRY PLANT HARDINESS
FALL TO WINTER CRANBERRY PLANT HARDINESS Beth Ann A. Workmaster and Jiwan P. Palta Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison Protection of cranberry plants from frost and freezing temperatures
More informationInstructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:
Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551 Lesson 7, Harvest, Handling, Packing Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID 83210 Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311 Email: slove@uidaho.edu
More informationEfficacy of Natural Compounds to Suppress Sprouting and Fusarium Dry Rot in Potatoes 2005
Efficacy of Natural Compounds to Suppress Sprouting and Fusarium Dry Rot in Potatoes 2005 H. ELSADR D. WATERER Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan,
More informationMATURITY AND RIPENING PROCESS MATURITY
MATURITY AND RIPENING PROCESS MATURITY It is the stage of fully development of tissue of fruit and vegetables only after which it will ripen normally. During the process of maturation the fruit receives
More informationSTORAGE SCALD OF APPLES
STORAGE SCALD OF APPLES Dr. Eugene Kupferman WSU-TFREC, 11 North Western Ave. Wenatchee, WA 9881 kupfer@wsu.edu WHAT IS STORAGE SCALD? Simply put, storage scald is the diffuse browning of the skin of apples
More informationCALIFORNIA PREMIUM ALMONDS
CALIFORNIA PREMIUM ALMONDS PRODUCT CATALOG history This amazing little nut made its first known appearance in 1400 BC. The book of Numbers in the Bible tells of Aaron s rod that blossomed and bore almonds,
More informationPostharvest Handling Banana & Pineapple
Postharvest Handling Banana & Pineapple Beth Mitcham Dept. Plant Sciences UCDavis PINEAPPLE Maturity and Ripeness Stages 1 Intercultivar Differences in Composition of Pineapples Premium Select = Tropical
More informationPostharvest Handling Banana & Pineapple
Postharvest Handling Banana & Pineapple PINEAPPLE Beth Mitcham Dept. Plant Sciences UCDavis Maturity and Ripeness Stages Intercultivar differences in composition of pineapples Premium Select =Tropical
More informationTomato Product Cutting Tips
Tomato Product Cutting Tips Tomato Product Cutting Tips Know your customer and the application of the products being shown. Confirm the products will work for the application. Listen to the customer regarding
More informationSensory Evaluations of Advanced Specialty Potato Selections
Sensory Evaluations of Advanced Specialty Potato s Steven R. James and Charles R. Brown Abstract Sensory evaluations were performed on an array of specialty potato selections as part of a field day held
More informationHigh Yield, Long Storage.The Golden Combination!
Who we are Hazera Committed to growing together Hazera is a global leader in the seed industry. Hazera brings expertise commitment and support, combining decades of experience with state-of-the-art technology.
More informationIdentifying Soybean Growth Stages
AGR-223 Identifying Soybean Growth Stages Carrie A. Knott and Chad Lee, Plant and Soil Sciences University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Cooperative Extension Service Accurate
More informationHass Seasonality. Postharvest Diseases. California Avocado Cultivars. Mary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside
Avocado Postharvest Handling California Avocado Cultivars Bacon Fuerte Gwen Hass Mary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside Lamb Hass Pinkerton Reed Zutano Hass Seasonality Susceptibility to low
More informationGALA SPLITTING WASHINGTON TREE FRUIT POSTHARVEST CONFERENCE. March 13 th & 14 th, 2001, Wenatchee, WA PROCEEDINGS, Gala Splitting page 1 of 6
March 13 th & 14 th, 21, Wenatchee, WA GALA SPLITTING Preston K. Andrews Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-6414 59-335-363 (office) andrewsp@wsu.edu
More informationWE VE GOT YOU COVERED BETTER DISEASE CONTROL STARTS WITH A BETTER COPPER FORMULATION NOW REGISTERED FOR THE CONTROL OF PSA IN KIWIFRUIT
Exclusive to Farmlands stores NOW REGISTERED FOR THE CONTROL OF PSA IN KIWIFRUIT WE VE GOT YOU COVERED BETTER DISEASE CONTROL STARTS WITH A BETTER COPPER FORMULATION Supercharged Copper for Super Charged
More informationIn-store control of sprouting and processing quality using CIPC and ethylene
FINAL REPORT In-store control of sprouting and processing quality using and ethylene Ref: R441 Reporting Period: October 2010 - March 2014 Report Authors: G. Harper & A. Jina AHDB - Potato Council Sutton
More information2017 POTATO Applied For Certification Public Varieties Only - All Offices
AGATA - POTATO RT KANDLER FARMS, LLC 208-652-7351 ALL BLUE - POTATO ALLIANS - POTATO ALMERA - POTATO J & G FARMS 208-705-2777 ALPINE RUSSET - POTATO ALTURAS - POTATO B & H FARMING 208-436-0292 TELFORD'S
More informationROLE OF WATER LOSS IN RIPENING OF HASS AVOCADOS
New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2004. 4:70 79. ROLE OF WATER LOSS IN RIPENING OF HASS AVOCADOS N. LALLUM, M. PUNTER, G. HAYNES, P. PIDAKALA, J. BURDON Hort Research, Private
More informationProduct Name: Micro Pack
APTC *** Section 1 Chemical Product and Company Identification *** Product Name: Micro Pack Manufacturer Information Atlantic & Pacific Trading Corp. Technical Information: 336-578-1019 1328 Pebble Drive
More informationTomato Quality Attributes
León, Mexico - Sept Impact of Ripening & Storage Conditions on Ripe Tomato Quality Marita Cantwell Dept. Plant Sciences Univ. California, Davis, CA micantwell@ucdavis.edu; http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu
More informationWALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010
WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 Carolyn DeBuse, John Edstrom, Janine Hasey, and Bruce Lampinen ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the 1970s as a high density system
More informationProduce Specifications
DISORDER Brown With golden brown to brown skin; white, semi translucent flesh. Well-formed shape with smooth double layer of papery skin covering the overlapping concentric layers of flesh; remnant cut
More informationSprout development of seed potato tuber after different storage conditions
Sprout development of seed potato tuber after different storage conditions J.S. Oliveira 1, D. Moot 1, H.E. Brown 2, A. Gash 1 and S. Sinton 2 1 Lincoln University, PO Box 84 Lincoln University, Canterbury,
More informationMIDDLE SCHOOL QUESTIONS
MIDDLE SCHOOL QUESTIONS What is the difference between a primal and sub-primal cut of meat? A primal cut (also know as wholesale cut) is the whole chuck or shoulder, rib whole loin or whole round, when
More informationAlmond & Walnut Harvest Evaluation: Identifying Sources of Damage
August '()* Almond & Walnut Harvest Notes Almond & Walnut Harvest Evaluation: Identifying Sources of Damage Emily J. Symmes, Sacramento Valley Area IPM Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension
More informationRipening Tomatoes. Marita Cantwell Dept. Plant Sciences, UC Davis
Ripening Tomatoes Marita Cantwell Dept. Plant Sciences, UC Davis micantwell@ucdavis.edu Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Management Workshop Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis, March 7-8, 0 Quality of
More informationMary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside
Avocado Postharvest Handling Mary Lu Arpaia University of California, Riverside Persea americana Mill. Family: Lauraceae 3 horticultural races Mexican Guatemalan West Indian (Antillean) 1 Avocado Most
More informationWhat Effect do Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Harvest Date Have on Cranberry Fruit Yield and Quality?
What Effect do Nitrogen Fertilization Rate and Harvest Date Have on Cranberry Fruit Yield and Quality? Bernadine Strik, Professor of Horticulture Extension Berry Crops Specialist, Oregon State University
More informationMaturity. Harvest Preparation. Production. Picking. Arpaia - Table Grapes. Table Grape Maturity. Harvesting and Handling of Grapes
Harvesting and Handling of Grapes Production 1 2 Maturity Table Grape Maturity 3 Cultivar Soluble Sugar Acid Solids Ratio Minimum *Thompson Seedless 17.0% 20:1 15% **Thompson Seedless 16.5% 20:1 15% Flame
More informationWeight, g Respiration, µl/g-h Firmness, kg/cm
Postharvest Handling Melons and Winter Squash Ripe Melon Characteristics Cantaloupe Watermelon HoneyDew HoneyLoupe Canary Casaba Days from anthesis 55 5 0 Weight, g 00 100 50 000 Respiration, µl/g-h 17
More informationSteve Sargent Extension postharvest horticulturist Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida-IFAS.
Southeast Regional Fruit & Vegetable Conference January 9, 2015 Steve Sargent Extension postharvest horticulturist Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida-IFAS sasa@ufl.edu DEALING WITH
More informationTitle: Evaluation of Apogee for Control of Runner Growth in Annual Plasticulture Strawberries
Title: Evaluation of Apogee for Control of Runner Growth in Annual Plasticulture Strawberries Report Type: X Progress Final Grant Code: SRSFC Project # 2009-19 Proposal Category: X Research Outreach Principle
More informationThe important points to note are: Firmometer value. Days after treatment
Avocado Growers Manual Postharvesting Handling If the fruit are held at 3 to 4 C once sprung, shelf life should not be affected. Care must be taken not to remove sprung fruit to a high temperature as this
More informationPlanning for harvest success
This document does not fully comply with all applicable guidelines for accessible digital documents: for an accessible version, visit Syngenta.ca or contact the Customer Interaction Centre at 1-87-SYNGENTA
More informationInfluence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless
University of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension Influence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless Pub. TB8-97 Introduction: The majority of Ruby Seedless table grapes grown and marketed over
More informationMichigan Grape & Wine Industry Council 2012 Research Report. Understanding foliar pest interactions for sustainable vine management
Michigan Grape & Wine Industry Council 2012 Research Report Understanding foliar pest interactions for sustainable vine management Rufus Isaacs 1, Steven Van Timmeren 1, and Paolo Sabbatini 2 1. Dept.
More informationRipening Temperature Management. Why Ripen? Why Temperature Management is Important for Fruits
Ripening Temperature Management Jeff Brecht Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida jkbrecht@ufl.edu Why Ripen? Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Management Workshop UC Davis, April 8-9, 27 Ripening
More informationProduce Specifications
OTHER NAMES : Lettuce Lettuce Cos Baby Leaves dark green colour, with light greenish on the heart leaves With fresh bright outer and inner leaves, slightly crinkly and undulating leaves, firm wide white
More informationALTERNATIVES TO SPORTAK
New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2004. 4:32 35. ALTERNATIVES TO SPORTAK J. DIXON T. A. ELMSLY D. B. SMITH Avocado Industry Council, P.O. Box 16004, Bethlehem, Tauranga E-mail:
More informationHarvesting and Postharvest Harvesting and Postharvest Handling of Dates Handling of Dates
Harvesting and Postharvest Harvesting and Postharvest Handling of Dates Handling of Dates Adel Kader UCDavis June. 2009 Khimri Stage of Development Khalal Stage of Development Date Orchard in Coachella
More informationDo lower yields on the vine always make for better wine?
Grape and wine quality Increasing quality Do lower yields on the vine always make for better wine? Nick Dokoozlian Viticulture, & Enology E&J Gallo ry Do lower yields on the vine always make for better
More informationSTANDARD FOR PASSION FRUITS CODEX STAN
STANDARD FOR PASSION FRUITS CODEX STAN 316-2014 CODEX STAN 316-2014 2 1. DEFINITION OF PRODUCE This Standard applies to commercial varieties of passion fruit from the species golden passion fruit / sweet
More informationStages of Fruit Development. Maturation The stage of development leading to the attainment of physiological or horticultural maturity.
Fruit Preparation for Consumers Stages of Fruit Development Stages of Fruit Development Maturation The stage of development leading to the attainment of physiological or horticultural maturity. Physiological
More informationCorn Growth and Development
Corn Growth and Development Outline Stress and yield loss Growth staging Vegetative stages Reproductive stages Conclusions Stress and crop yield loss At each growth stage of corn, certain aspects of management
More informationSome Uses of Plant Growth Regulators in Modern Apple Production Systems
Some Uses of Plant Growth Regulators in Modern Apple Production Systems Steven McArtney Southeast Apple Specialist Department of Horticultural Science, NSCU Some Uses of PGR s Crop load management Control
More informationEFFECTIVE PROTECTION AGAINST BOTRYTIS ON GRAPES. THE ALTERNATIVE IN GRAPE PROTECTION
EFFECTIVE PROTECTION AGAINST BOTRYTIS ON GRAPES. THE ALTERNATIVE IN GRAPE PROTECTION PROTECT YOUR GRAPES FROM BOTRYTIS WITH BOTECTOR. Botrytis can cause costly damage to the quality of wine and table grapes.
More informationQuality of western Canadian pea beans 2009
ISSN 1920-9096 Quality of western Canadian pea beans 2009 Ning Wang Program Manager, Pulse Research Contact: Ning Wang Program Manager, Pulse Research Tel : 204-983-2154 Email: ning.wang@grainscanada.gc.ca
More informationEvaluation of Compost Teas for Disease Management of Wild Blueberries in Nova Scotia
Evaluation of Compost Teas for Disease Management of Wild Blueberries in Nova Scotia Dr. Kathleen Glover, PhD., PAg. Azar Agriculture Inc. Bringing Innovation to the Farm Background In Nova Scotia wild
More information21/06/2009. Metric Tons (000) '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '
How Increasing Temperatures Have Reduced Yields and Quality of Californian i Tree Fruit in Warm Years Ted DeJong Department of Plant Sciences UC Davis While much of the climate change discussion is focused
More informationShown are the top volume varieties of fresh grapes. Over 85 varieties are grown in California Blanc Seedless C Princess July November
Shown are the top volume varieties of fresh grapes. Over 85 varieties are grown in California. Based on 2016 17 volume reported to the California Table Grape Commission. Blanc Seedless Pristine July November
More informationCONTROL ~~,SPROUT. ~e~l E')J. ho,33. 'of Alaska potatoes, and the influence. Curtis H. Dearborn, horticulturist ALP\S~
~e~l ~~,SPROUT CONTROL 'of Alaska potatoes, and the influence!of pre-storage washing and storage 1------- -- 'temperature on market quality Curtis H. Dearborn, horticulturist ALP\S~ s Tubers from plants
More informationEffect of Storage Period and Ga3 Soaking of Bulbs on Growth, Flowering and Flower Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes Tuberosa L.) Cv.
Vol.5 No. 1, 28-32 (2016) Received: Sept.2015; Accepted: Jan, 2016 Effect of Storage Period and Ga3 Soaking of Bulbs on Growth, Flowering and Flower Yield of Tuberose (Polianthes Tuberosa L.) Cv. Double
More informationFungal Fungal Disease Citrus Black Black Spot Guignardia Guignardia citricarpa ): Id I entifi f catio ion io, Biology Biology and and Control
Fungal Disease Citrus Black Spot (Guignardia citricarpa): ) Identification, i io Biology and Control Drs. Megan Dewdney and Natalia Peres Causal agent: Guignardia citricarpa Asexual name: Phyllosticta
More informationFactors Affecting Sweet Cherry Fruit Pitting Resistance/Susceptibility. Yan Wang Postharvest Physiologist MCAREC, OSU
Factors Affecting Sweet Cherry Fruit Pitting Resistance/Susceptibility Yan Wang Postharvest Physiologist MCAREC, OSU Sweet cherry pitting #1 postharvest disorder Pitting not only detract from the appearance
More informationTHE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT
California Avocado Society 1966 Yearbook 50: 128-133 THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT Irving L. Eaks University of California, Riverside Avocado fruits will not
More informationBest Practices for use of SmartFresh on Pear Fruit. Beth Mitcham Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis
Best Practices for use of SmartFresh on Pear Fruit Beth Mitcham Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis 1-Methylcyclopropene Cyclic olefin gas Inhibitor of ethylene binding and action
More informationCODEX STAN 293 Page 1 of 5
CODEX STAN 293 Page 1 of 5 CODEX STANDARD FOR TOMATOES (CODEX STAN 293-2008) 1. DEFINITION OF PRODUCE This Standard applies to commercial varieties of tomatoes grown from Lycopersicon esculentum Mill,
More informationALTERNATIVE CONTROL METHODS FOR GRAPE LEAFHOPPER: PART 2 FINAL REPORT 1/22/01
Lodi, NY 14860 Tel. 607/582-6116 email: silverthreadwine@yahoo.com ALTERNATIVE CONTROL METHODS FOR GRAPE LEAFHOPPER: PART 2 FINAL REPORT 1/22/01 Important lessons were learned from the first part of this
More informationEffect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality
Effect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality Brian Jenks, John Lukach, Fabian Menalled North Dakota State University and Montana State University The concept of straight
More informationCODEX STANDARD FOR PINEAPPLES (CODEX STAN )
CODEX STAN 182 Page 1 of 5 1. DEFINITION OF PRODUCE CODEX STANDARD FOR PINEAPPLES (CODEX STAN 182-1993) This Standard applies to commercial varieties of pineapples grown from Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.,
More informationThe University of Georgia
The University of Georgia Center for Agribusiness and Economic Development College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences A Survey of Pecan Sheller s Interest in Storage Technology Prepared by: Kent
More informationNew Mexico Onion Varieties
New Mexico Onion Varieties Cooperative Extension Service Circular 567 College of Agriculture and Home Economics New Mexico Onion Varieties Christopher S. Cramer, Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Dept.
More informationResearch Progress towards Mechanical Harvest of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile
Research Progress towards Mechanical Harvest of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile Dr. Stephanie Walker swalker@ Introduction New Mexico Chile NM pod type chile peppers (C. annuum) -Introduction with New
More informationPostharvest Sample Questions
Describe some of the negative effects of commodity water loss? Product arriving at a distant market is found to have bruising, especially on fruit above the wheel axels. What likely happened to cause this
More information18 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY
18 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY Teryl R. Roper, Marianna Hagidimitriou and John Klueh Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Yield per area in cranberry
More information7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING
The Division of Subtropical Agriculture. The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 1960-1969. Section B. Avocado. Pg 60-68. 7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING
More information2014 POTATO Approved For Certification Public Varieties Only - All Offices
A0073-2 - POTATO KUEHL FARMS 208-652-3740 A01010-1 - POTATO A02060-3TE - POTATO A02267-5PY - POTATO TETONIA R & E CENTER 208-456-2879 A02507-2LB - POTATO TETONIA R & E CENTER 208-456-2879 A096141-3 - POTATO
More informationDiazinon Risk Management and Stewardship Plan. and. Phase-Out Schedule
Diazinon Risk Management and Stewardship Plan and Phase-Out Schedule Updated for Extended Use of Diazinon 5G, Reg. No 12538. - December 2014 Booklet available at: www.uap.ca Loveland Products Canada Inc.
More informationStone Fruit Protection Solutions
STONE FRUIT GUIDE Protection Solutions Bud burst Bloom Petal fall & Fruit drop Fruit sizing Ripening BC only Cherry only Products Available Apogee Cabrio Cantus Kumulus DF Poast Ultra Prowl H 2 O Plant
More informationAchieving larger Ettinger fruit by foliar application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
Achieving larger Ettinger fruit by foliar application of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Ish-Am G.*, Winer L., Cohen H., Eidelman E., Regev I.,Lahav E. * Gad Ish-Am Agricultural R & D Western Galilee, Israel
More informationOLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) OLIVE
OLEA EUROPAEA (OLIVE) OLIVE TAXONOMY Kingdom: plantae Order: lamiales Family: Oleaceae Genus: Olea Species: O. Europaea MORPHOLOGY Root System: great root system allows tree to grow in dry climates could
More informationManaging Insect Pests of Ripening Grapes
Managing Insect Pests of Ripening Grapes Keith Mason and Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, MSU Great Lakes Fruit and Vegetable Expo December 5, 2017 masonk@msu.edu Outline Background and biology of
More informationGUemical SPROUT CONTROL
a-i GUemical SPROUT CONTROL of Alaska potatoes, and the influence of pre-storage washing and storage temperature on market quality Curtis H. Dearborn, horticulturist Tubers from plants sprayed with 3 pounds
More informationEFFECTS OF KAOLIN CLAY PARTICLE FILM ON LEAF TEMPERATURE, NUT TEMPERATURE AND SUNBURN SUSCEPTIBILITY IN WALNUT
EFFECTS OF KAOLIN CLAY PARTICLE FILM ON LEAF TEMPERATURE, NUT TEMPERATURE AND SUNBURN SUSCEPTIBILITY IN WALNUT Bruce Lampinen, Kathy Kelley Anderson, Sam Metcalf, and Claudia Negrón ABSTRACT Sunburn occurred
More informationOnions for All Seasons and Tastes. Domestic Onion Production. Spring/Summer Fresh Onions. Fall/Winter Storage Onions. The Color of Onions
Onions for All Seasons and Tastes Onions can be divided into two categories: spring/summer fresh onions and fall/winter storage onions. Spring/Summer Fresh Onions Spring/summer fresh onions are available
More information