Resistance breeding in cherries goals and results
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1 Resistance breeding in cherries goals and results Mirko Schuster Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops
2 Resistance breeding Main biotic diseases Virus diseases Prunus Necrotic Ringspot Virus (PNRV) Cherry Leaf Roll Virus (CLRV) Prunus Dwarf Virus (PDV) - Testing of cultivar collection at periodic intervals - Testing of breeding clones no breeding activitis
3 Resistance breeding Main biotic diseases Bacterial canker Pseudomonas ssp. - some cultivars have a higher susceptibility (e.g. Naprumi, Staccato, Prime Giant) - no known resistance donors - only preventive actions (training and pruning system) no breeding activities
4 Resistance breeding Main biotic diseases Cherry leaf spot Blumeriella jaapii - Common in Europe - Leaf drop after infection in late summer - Most sour cherry cultivars are susceptible - Sweet cherries are more tolerant - Screening for resistant donors breeding activities
5 Resistance breeding Main biotic diseases Monilia blossom blight / fruit rot Monilinia laxa - Main focus in sour cherries - Screening of cultivars and Prunus species - Evaluation of clones and cultivars first segregating populations in sour cherry
6 Resistance breeding Main goals What we have to do? Screening for new resistant donors Development of rating scales Development of artificial inoculation tests / methods Creation of cross populations for breeding and genetic analysis Selection of resistant breeding material Development of molecular markers
7 Resistance breeding Studies on fungal resistance at Dresden-Pillnitz Cherry leaf spot, Blumeriella jaapii Monilia blossom blight, Monilia laxa
8 Leaf spot resistance Evaluation in the field Gerema Schattenmorelle Prunus maackii Sunburst Ujfehertoi fürtös Coralin Prunus canescens Sept. 2006
9 Leaf spot resistance Artificial inoculation test - Inoculum Infected cherry leaf Acervuli with conidia (Hochapfel, 1952) Acervuli with conidia on the lower leaf surface
10 Leaf spot resistance Artificial inoculation test - Inoculum Lower site of leaf with acervuli Dry infected leaves in a wet chamber after 1 day Conidia suspension 10 5 conidia/ml
11 Leaf spot resistance Artificial inoculation test susceptible resistant genotypes
12 Leaf spot resistance Interspecific hybridization Prunus cherry species - resistant to Cherry leaf spot, B. jaapii P. fruticosa (4x) P. avium (2x) P. cerasus (4x) P. serrulata (2x) P. kurilensis (2x) P. maackii (4x) P. nipponica (2x) P. canescens (2x) P. dawyckensis (2x) P. insisa (2x) P. subhirtella (2x) P. sargentii (2x) resistant Prunus species (8 species) susceptible Prunus species (4 species)
13 Leaf spot resistance Sweet cherry P. canescens (2n=2x=16) clone 18,167 (P. avium x P. canescens)
14 Leaf spot resistance Sweet cherry Development of new breeding material 2x
15 Leaf spot resistance Sweet cherry Segregation: resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 (41 : 39) one dominant resistance gene F 2 population: 'Namati' x clone 18,167
16 Leaf spot resistance Sweet cherry Outlook: using of the best resistant genotypes in for the cherry breeding searching for molecular marker for the LS resistance from P. canescens cooperation with Amy Iezzoni, MSU, East Lansing
17 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry Donor for resistance - P. maackii (Manchurian cherry)
18 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry Starting cross combination 'Schattenmorelle' susceptible X P. maackii resistant
19 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry F 1 progenies DK2,3,105 'Schattenmorelle' x P. maackii DK2,3,106 'Schattenmorelle' x P. maackii resistant resistant
20 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry F2 populations F2-populations: clon 3,105 (P. cerasus x P. maackii) x 'Fanal' clon 3,106 (P. cerasus x P. maackii) x 'Fanal' 'Schattenmorelle' x clon 3,105 'Schattenmorelle' x clon 3,106
21 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry Development of breeding material 4x
22 Leaf spot resistance Sour cherry F 2 populations Segregation ( ): resistant : susceptible 1 : 1 one dominant resistance gene COST meeting Pitrsti, Romania, F 2 populations segregated in resistant and susceptible genotypes
23 Hypersensitive resistance reaction type Hypersensitive reaction / defoliation DK1,5,45 (clone 3,105 x Fanal) LS r-type - 2N! LS r-distrib. - 7
24 Resistance breeding - sour cherry Monilia blossom blight (Monilinia laxa)
25 Monilia blossom blight Sour cherry Unsprayed / unprotected sour cherry collection Spring Autumn
26 Monilia blossom blight Sour cherry Rating scale (1 9) scale: 3 Jade 4 Achat 5 Köröser G. scale: 7 Ciganus 8 Mari Timpurii 9 F5,12,100
27 Monilia blossom blight Results sour cherry collection Sorte Monilia 1-9 Krupnoplodnaja 1 Tschernokorka 1 Namati 1 P. avium 'Napoleon' 1 P. incisa 1 P. maackii 2 P. serrulata var. spontanea 2 P. incisa 'Incana' 2 P. dawyckensis 2 Wischnja 2,5 Jade 3 Schwäbische Weinweichel 3 Studenskaja 3 Naprumi 3 Sunburst 3 Vinka 3 P. avium 'Charger' 3 P. nipponica 3 Leitzkauer 3 Pandy 2 3 Tschernokorka 3 Timpurii de Pites. 3 Ferracida 3,5 Achat 4 Erdi nagy gymösteü 4 Eugenie imperatrice 4 Röhrigs Weichsel 4 Csengödi 4,5 Köröser Gierstädt 5 Ujfehertoi fürtös 5 Sorte = 9 cultivars Monilia 1-9 Morina 6 Pieraszt 6 Safir 6 Tarina 6 Fanal 6 Hartaer 6 Ludwigs Frühe 6 Leopolds Kirsche 6 Lara 6 = 17 cultivars = 33 cultivars = 33 cultivars Sorte Monilia 1-9 Ciganus 59 7 Debr. bötermö 7 Kantorjanosi 7 Karneol 7 Korai Pipacsmeggy 7 Korund 7 P. kurilensis 7 Mari Timpuri 8 Oblacinska 8 Pamjatch Vavilova 8 Spinell 8 Topas 8 Vowi 8 P. canenscens Pill 8 P. canescens EM 8 Hartei 8 Favorit 8 Korall 8 P. sargentii 'Klon 34' 8,5 Schirpotreb 8,5 Dropia 9 E1,3,33 9 F5, 12,100 9 F5, 13,122 9 Gerema 9 Kistiewa 9 Meteor korai 9 Pitic de Dragoslaven 9 Pitic de Jasi 9 Rubellit 9 Shukowskaja 9 Turgenjeva 9 Schattenmorelle 9 Haaks Dunkelsaftige 9 Nana 9 Paljus 9 Almas 9 Tolerant cultivars: Jade Schwäbische Weinw. Achat Ujfehertoi fürtös Morina Safir Fanal Susceptible cultivars: Vowi Oblacinska Favorit Gerema Schattenmorelle Meteor korai
28 Monilia blossom blight Evaluation of seedling populations ( ) Schattenmorelle x Schwäbische Weinweichsel Morina x Schattenmorelle Morina x Schwäbische Weinweichsel Morina x Stevnsbear Birgitte Morina x Stevnsbear Viki Jade x Stevnsbear Viki Ujfehertoi fürtös x Stevensbear 'Viki' Gerema x Schwäbische Weinweichsel Resistant Monilia-blossom blight ( - ) Unclear (few symptoms) Monilia-blossom blight ( 0 ) Susceptible Monilia-blossom blight ( + )
29 Monilia blossom blight Evaluation of seedling populations ( ) Results of evaluation Monilia-bloosom blight Description: resistant susceptible tolerant? Combination number of trees Segregation total resistant susceptible tolerant r : a :? Schattenmorelle x Schwäbische Weinw : 1 : 1 Morina x Schattenmorelle : 1 : 1 Morina x Schwäbische W : 1 : 1 Morina x Stevnsbear Birgitte : 1 : 2 Morina x Stevnsbear Viki : 1 : 1 Jade x Stevnsbear Viki : 1 : 1 Ujfehertoi fürtös x Stevensbear 'Viki' : 1 : 1 Gerema x Schwäbische Weinw : 1 : 1
30 Monilia blossom blight Sour cherry Goals for Monilia resistance breeding Development of an efficient evaluation system in the field and in greenhouse Development of artificial inoculations tests (laboratory, field) Investigation to an possible influence of the blooming time on Monilia infection genetic studies to the resistance / tolerance to Monilia blossom blight Evaluation in the field Artificial inoculation tests A - flower-/scion inoculation test (laboratory) B - scion inoculation test (orchard)
31 What can we do together in cherry resistance breeding?
32 Thank you for your attantion
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