Sensory Characteristics and Consumer Acceptance of Mechanically Harvested California Black Ripe Olives
|
|
- Jerome Willis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Sensory Characteristics and Consumer Acceptance of Mechanically Harvested California Black Ripe Olives S.M. Lee, C. Sirimuangmoon, A. Gomez-Rico, K. Kitsawad, U. Rosa, J. Burns, W.H. Krueger, E. Fichtner, L. Ferguson and J-X. Guinard April 2, 2012
2 Overview and goal of the project Table olives produced in the US are hand-picked, a labor intensive and expensive practice. Mechanical harvesting is particularly challenging with table olives. The limiting factors are; 1) fruit damage that affects the final quality (our focus); 2) effective fruit removal technology; and 3) developing an economically viable harvester and defining its operating parameters. The goal of this project was to develop economically feasible mechanical harvesting for California black ripe Manzanillo table olives, the most widely used cultivar in California.
3 Specific aims of the study For commercial use of mechanical harvesting technology, the final processed fruit quality needs to be guaranteed first. Sensory evaluation was carried out with trained panels and consumers to understand: 1) the sensory characteristics of table olives harvested and processed in different ways 2) their relation to consumer preferences
4 An update on the findings and accomplishments from our collaboration team (years ) Up to date Fruit damage has largely been eliminated. Both canopy contact and trunk shaking technologies have been demonstrated to be effective fruit removal technologies. The trunk shakers can be used in high-density orchards. The canopy harvester can be used in the new high-density orchards and in existing orchards if trees are pruned into hedgerows. However, in practice, both harvesting technologies are limited by tree canopy shape and by their respective platforms. Canopy contact and trunk shaking technologies must be improved through engineering, tested on effective platforms and evaluated on properly trained trees.
5 Outline I. Design of the study - Experimental design and sampling plan II. Methods - Descriptive Analysis Profiling the sensory characteristics of the olives III. Methods - Consumer Test Measuring the acceptability of the olives among consumers IV. Results - Canopy contact head harvester (yr and yr ) V. Results Trunk shaking harvester (yr ) VI. Identification of drivers of likes/dislikes for US consumers VII. Conclusions of the research
6 Canopy contact shaking head harvester, Central Valley, California 2007
7 Trunk shaking harvester, Central Valley, California
8 Materials (Experimental design and sampling plan) Row #1 Row #2 Row #3 Row #4 Row #5 Row #6 *yr and yr 10-11: canopy contact harvester; 6 field replications *yr 09-10: trunk shaker; 4 field replications. Each row was randomly assigned to either hand harvest or machine harvest Half were treated at Processor A and the other half at Processor B Harvesting method x Processor Half were processed fresh and half after being held in storage tanks ( stored ) x Processing method Commercial olives from each Processor 8 differently treated olives/ row *Olives from different rows (#1-6) which went through the same treatment were pooled together 2 commercial olives *The olives were standard products to be compared against experimental ones
9 Table 1. Ten olive samples used in the study Sample abbreviation Processor Commercial Harvesting method A_Comm A Commercial - Processing method A_Hand_F - Hand Fresh olives A_Hand_S Stored olives A_Mech_F Machine* Fresh olives A_Mech_S B_Comm B Commercial - Stored olives B_Hand_F - Hand Fresh olives B_Hand_S Stored olives B_Mech_F Machine* Fresh olives B_Mech_S *yr and yr 10-11: canopy contact harvester yr 09-10: trunk shaker Stored olives
10 Methods: Descriptive Analysis Panel: 8 trained panelists for each year (from the University of California, Davis) Training sessions - Developed descriptors (30-35 descriptors, depending on the year) - Selected references - Concept alignment
11 Qualitative Reference samples Earthy = Soil + olives Ocean-like = Green seaweed + anchovy + olives
12 Then trying the sample olives to detect the earthy/soil-like characteristic in the sample. Trying the qualitative reference for earthy/soillike in order to understand the concept of it in the black olives.
13 Appearance Texture/ Mouthfeel Smell (Aroma) Taste/ Flavor Methods: Descriptive Analysis Table 2. Descriptors for olives (yr 08-09, canopy contact harvester) Attribute Reference Attribute Reference Painty Correction fluid Sweetness Sucrose solution Briny Black olive brine Saltiness NaCl solution Ocean-like Green seaweed + anchovy* Umami MSG + brine Fermented Sauerkraut Bitterness Caffeine solution Canny Keys, cans Roasted Roasted sunflower seeds Earthy Potting soil* Buttery Melted butter + brine* Sautéed Mushroom Sautéed Mushroom* Ripeness Unripe ---- Ripe Dried Fruit Dried Prune Firmness Floral Chrysanthemum tea Juicy/ Moist release Size Small ---- Large Crumbly/ Crunchy Oval Round ---- Oval Fibrous Surface roughness Smooth ---- Rough Mouth coating Glossy Dull ---- Glossy Briny after-taste Skin brownness Black ---- Brown Lasting flavor Flesh Brownness Black ---- Brown Astringent Flesh greenness Black ---- Green * Mixed with olives
14 Methods: Descriptive Analysis Individual Evaluation - Rated intensities of sensory attributes for each sample in triplicate - Randomized order of presentation - Line scale - Serving: 3 olives/ sample (i.e. 2 whole + 1 olive sliced in room temp. - Proper cleansers were provided
15 Methods: Consumer test Consumer criteria - Age over 18 years - American - Black olives users and likers N=104~109 (depending on the year) Tasting Questions: - Overall liking - Appearance liking - Flavor (Taste & Smell) liking - Texture liking Exit survey - Socio-economics & demographics - Usage
16 Methods: Consumer test Tasting Procedure - 9-point hedonic scale - Serving: 2 whole olives/ room temperature - Randomized order of presentation - Proper cleansers were provided
17 Results First, the canopy contact head harvesters.
18 Descriptive analysis results (yr using canopy contact harvester) PC 2 (37.72 %) Texture & Flavor: Firmness, 0.5 Fibrous, Dried Fruit, Bitterness BComm BMechS BHandS Appearance: Brightness of flesh Brightness of skin (brown) AComm BMechF BHandF Flavor, After-taste, Mouthfeel: Salty, Umami, Buttery, Flavor lasting, Briny aftertaste, Juicy, Mouth-coating AHandF -1 Texture & Flavor: Crumbly, Fermented Ocean-like, -1.5 Sautéed mushroom AHandS AMechS Appearance: Glossy AMechF Fig. 1 Sensory map of 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) PC 1 (42.56 %) The biggest difference was seen between processing methods - fresh processed vs. others (commercial & stored), primarily along PC 1. A processor difference was observed as the next biggest factor, primarily along PC 2 (37.7%).
19 Descriptive analysis results (yr using canopy contact harvester) (cont d) PC 2 (37.72 %) Texture & Flavor: Firmness, 0.5 Fibrous, Dried Fruit, Bitterness BComm BMechS BHandS Appearance: Brightness of flesh Brightness of skin (brown) AComm BMechF BHandF Flavor, After-taste, Mouthfeel: Salty, Umami, Buttery, Flavor lasting, Briny aftertaste, Juicy, Mouth-coating AHandF -1 Texture & Flavor: Crumbly, Fermented Ocean-like, -1.5 Sautéed mushroom AHandS AMechS Appearance: Glossy AMechF Fig. 1 Sensory map of 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) PC 1 (42.56 %) The difference between harvesting methods was minimal!
20 Descriptive analysis results (yr using canopy contact harvester) PC 2 (21.24 %) 6 Texture: Firm, Crunchy, Chewy 4 Flavor, After-taste/mouthfeel : Bitterness, 2 Flavor lasting, Astringency 0 Flavor, Appearance: Earthy, Paint-like, Rancid, -2 Metallic, Fermented, Briny, Green/grassy Gradation in flesh, Glossy -4 BComm BHandS BMechS AHandS AMechS Flavor: Overall flavor, Floral, Salty, Sautéed mushroom AHandF AMechF BHandF BMechF Appearance, Flavor, Mouthfeel: Size, Green flesh, Inner roughness, Discoloration, Umami, Sweet, Sugary, Buttery, Ocean-like, Mouth-coating -6 AComm Fig. 2 Sensory map of 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) PC 1 (54.25 %) The main difference among products was observed between processing method (fresh processed vs. non-fresh [i.e. stored and commercial]), as shown by PC1 (54.3%).
21 Descriptive analysis results (yr using canopy contact harvester) (cont d) PC 2 (21.24 %) 6 Texture: Firm, Crunchy, Chewy 4 Flavor, After-taste/mouthfeel : Bitterness, 2 Flavor lasting, Astringency 0 Flavor, Appearance: Earthy, Paint-like, Rancid, -2 Metallic, Fermented, Briny, Green/grassy Gradation in flesh, Glossy -4 BComm BHandS BMechS AHandS AMechS Flavor: Overall flavor, Floral, Salty, Sautéed mushroom AHandF AMechF BHandF BMechF Appearance, Flavor, Mouthfeel: Size, Green flesh, Inner roughness, Discoloration, Umami, Sweet, Sugary, Buttery, Ocean-like, Mouth-coating -6 AComm Fig. 2 Sensory map of 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) PC 1 (54.25 %) There was little difference between harvesting methods (Hand vs. Machine).
22 Descriptive Analysis Results using canopy contact harvester (yrs and 10-11) The biggest difference was seen between processing methods - fresh processed vs. others (commercial & stored). The difference between harvesting methods was minimal!
23 Overall degree of liking: On average (yr using canopy contact harvester) Mean (N=100) liking scores Processing method (Fresh vs. Stored) Commercial vs. others Harvesting method (Hand vs. Machine) Fig. 3 Mean (N=100) overall liking scores (right); and partitioning of sources of variations for overall liking scores (left) (yr using canopy harvester) On average, fresh processed black olives were liked the MOST; and the commercial products were liked the LEAST. The two significant (P<0.05) factors that had driven the differences in the liking scores were 1) commercial vs. non-commercial products and 2) processing methods (fresh vs. stored) Harvesting method was NOT a significant source of variation and there was no difference in liking between hand- and machine-harvested products.
24 Overall degree of liking: On average (yr using canopy contact harvester) Mean (N=109) liking scores Processing method (Fresh vs. Stored) 1 Fig. 4 Mean (N=109) overall liking scores (right); and partitioning of sources of variations for overall liking scores (left) (yr using canopy harvester) On average, fresh processed black olives were liked the MOST. There was a significant (P<0.05) difference in consumer acceptance between processing method (fresh vs. stored). There was NO significant difference between mechanically- and hand-harvested olives.
25 Yr Yr Flavor liking Appearance liking Texture liking Overall liking Values in bold are significantly different from 0 with a significance level alpha=0.05 Flavor liking Appearance liking Texture liking Overall liking Values in bold are significantly different from 0 with a significance level alpha=0.05 overall flavor appearance texture overall flavor appearance texture Fig.5 Pearson s correlation coefficients of liking for specific attributes to overall liking (top); and Means for hedonic ratings of the 10 olive samples for overall degree of liking and liking for appearance, flavor and texture (bottom) Flavor liking had the highest correlation with overall degree of liking and appearance liking was the least correlated.
26 Overall degree of liking: Preference Mapping (yr using canopy contact harvester) F2 (14.55 %) F2 (14.55 %) 1 Most of the consumers are in this area. 8 6 Acomm 4 AMechF 0 2 Bcomm AHandF -1 Few consumers in this area F1 (27.37 %) BHandS BMechS AMechS AHandS BMechF BHandF F1 (27.37 %) Fig. 6 - Internal preference map of 100 individual consumers based on overall degree for liking for 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) *Each vector (on the left graph) represents individual consumers The 100 consumers were homogeneous in their liking for black olive. The majority preferred fresh processed black olives ; whereas the commercial products were liked the least. Harvesting method was NOT a significant source differentiating one s liking.
27 F2 (15.37%) F2 (15.37 %) Overall degree of liking: Preference Mapping (yr using canopy contact harvester) 1 15 Cluster 3 liked olives in this area BHandS 5 AComm BMechS AMechS BComm AHandS BMechF AHandF BHandF -1 Cluster1 Cluster2 Cluster3 F1 (18.15%) AMechF F1 (18.15 %) -15 Cluster 2 liked olives in this area Fig. 7 - Internal preference map of 109 individual consumers based on overall degree for liking for 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) and indication of group information *Each point (on the left graph) represents an individual consumer Three consumer segments which differ in preference for olives were identified: Cluster 1 (n=14) : Hard to generalize a trend based on this map. Cluster 2 (n=57, majority): Fresh-processed olives Cluster 3 (n=38): Commercial ones and fresh-processed olives from processor B
28 Consumer test Results using canopy contact harvester (yr and 10-11) The majority of American consumers liked olives that were fresh processed. There was no significant difference in overall acceptability between harvesting methods (Hand vs. Machine). Flavor liking had the highest correlation with overall degree of liking and appearance liking was the least correlated.
29 Results And now to the Trunk shaking harvester.
30 Descriptive analysis results (yr using trunk shaker) PC 2 (28.92 %) 4 Flavor: Bitterness, Sauteed mushroom 3 2 AHandF BHandF Texture: Firmenss, Crunchy, Fibrous 1 Flavor, Mouthfeel, Appearance & 0 After-taste Umami, Salty Oily, Juicy -1 Glossy, Lasting flavor, Briny AF -2 BHandS BMechS BMechF AMechF BComm AComm -3-4 AHandS AMechS Fig. 8 Sensory map of 10 olives (yr using trunk shaker) Flavor & Appearance: Ocean-like, Metallic, Earthy, Fermented, Green/Grassy Surface roughness, Brownness PC 1 (39.60 %) The biggest difference was seen between commercial vs. others, primarily along PC 1. The next largest difference was observed between Hand harvested x Fresh processed vs. Store processed in processer A, primarily along PC 2. The difference between harvesting methods was not large, but it was significant as can be seen in the left quadrant.
31 Mean (N=109) liking scores Overall degree of liking: On average (yr using trunk shaker) 7 5 Harvesting * Processing Processors (A vs. B) Harvesting method (Hand vs. Machine) 3 Processing method (Fresh vs. Stored) 1 Fig. 9 Mean (N=109) overall liking scores (right); and partitioning of sources of variations for overall liking scores (left) (yr using trunk shaker) On average, fresh processed black olives were liked the MOST; the Machine harvested, then processed after storage from processor A product was liked the LEAST. The significant (P<0.05) factors that drove differences in liking were 1) Processing method (fresh vs. stored), 2) Processor (A vs. B), 3) Harvesting method (Machine vs. Hand) and 4) interaction of Harvesting method by Processing method.
32 Mean (N=109) liking scores Overall degree of liking: On average (yr using trunk shaker) (Cont d) 7 5 Harvesting * Processing Processors (A vs. B) Harvesting method (Hand vs. Machine) 3 Processing method (Fresh vs. Stored) 1 Fig. 9 Mean (N=109) overall liking scores (right); and partitioning of sources of variations for overall liking scores (left) (yr using trunk shaker) Harvesting method was not the largest factor, but there was a noticeable decrease in overall liking of Machine harvested olives compared to Hand harvested ones. This effect was mainly due to the Store processed in Processer A samples. Other treatments showed some decrease, but not a significant one. This finding can be attributed to the over-ripe nature of the fruit harvested that year.
33 Yr Flavor liking Appearance liking Texture liking Overall liking Values in bold are significantly different from 0 with a significance level alpha=0.05 overall flavor appearance texture Fig.10 Pearson s correlation coefficients of liking for specific attributes to overall liking (top); and Means for hedonic ratings of the 10 olive samples for overall degree of liking and liking for appearance, flavor and texture (bottom) Flavor liking had the highest correlation with overall degree of liking and appearance liking was the least correlated. For this particular year, appearance and texture likings were also found to be highly correlated to overall liking.
34 Overall degree of liking: Preference Mapping (yr using trunk shaker) F2 (12.80 %) F2 (12.80 %) Most of the consumers are in this area BMechS Few consumers in this area F1 (30.46 %) AMechS AHandS BHandS AComm BMechF BComm BHandF AHandF AMechF Fig Internal preference map of 109 individual consumers based on overall degree for liking for 10 olives (yr using canopy harvester) *Each vector (on the left graph) represents individual consumers The 109 consumers were homogeneous in their liking for black olive. The majority preferred fresh processed black olives ; whereas the olives that were Machine harvested, then store-processed were liked the least. Harvesting method and Processing method interaction was found to significant in influencing one s liking F1 (30.46 %)
35 Descriptive analysis and Consumer test Results for the Trunk shaking harvester (yr 09-10) In contrast to the canopy contact head harvester, there were some noticeable differences between hand- and mechanicallyharvested olives both in sensory qualities and consumer acceptance. The trunk shaking technology for over-ripe fruits may need further refinement before its application is satisfactory. However, we were again able to confirm that fresh-processed olives have strong potential in the Californian olive market. This year s study also confirmed that flavor liking had the highest correlation with overall degree of liking.
36 Identification of drivers of likes/dislikes for Californian consumers
37 Drivers of liking: yr using canopy contact harvester) Fig PLS-Regression of the consumer hedonic ratings onto the sensory attributes from the descriptive analysis (yr ; canopy contact harvester) Overall liking was highly related to flavor liking; and some extent to texture liking; however, appearance liking was not a significant source in this regression model. - Drivers of flavor likes: Sweet, Buttery, Roasted, Saltiness, Umami, Ripeness, Briny after-taste, Lasting flavor - Drivers of flavor dislikes: Dried fruit, Fermented
38 Drivers of liking: yr using trunk shaker Fig PLS-Regression of the consumer hedonic ratings onto the sensory attributes from the descriptive analysis (yr ; trunk shaker) Overall liking was highly related to flavor, appearance, and texture liking. - Drivers of flavor likes: Buttery, Sautéed Mushroom - Drivers of flavor dislikes: Fermented fruit, Metallic, Green/Grassy, Earthy - Texture: Balance of firmness, crunchiness, fibrousness & Juicy (firmer preferred) - Driver of appearance dislike: Surface roughness
39 Drivers of liking: yr using canopy contact harvester) Fig PLS-Regression of the consumer hedonic ratings onto the sensory attributes from the descriptive analysis (yr ; canopy contact harvester) Three clusters had different drivers of likes of dislikes - Cluster 1 (N=14): Not well defined in this regression model - Cluster 2 (N=57): Likes - Buttery, Sweet, Umami, Ocean-like, Sugary, Sautéed mushroom, Floral; Dislikes - Fermented, Green/grassy, Bitter, Earthy/musty, Rancid, Metallic, Briny/Salty - Cluster 3 (N=38) : Disliked firm, chewy, crunchy textures
40 Identification of driver of likes and dislikes: 3 yr summary (yr 08-09; 09-10; 10-11) A shift in consumer perceptions and preferences was observed. Particularly in the last year, consumer preferences did shift toward a more specific direction. This could be due to their increased familiarity with imported olives. In general, Buttery can be considered an important characteristic that drives consumer preferences; whereas Fermented fruit can be regarded as a characteristic that drives consumers to dislike the product.
41 Conclusions No significant difference in the sensory profiles nor in consumer acceptance of handand mechanically-harvested olives using the canopy-contact mechanical harvester. Canopy contact head mechanical harvesting can provide a cheaper alternative to traditional hand harvesting of black ripe table olives.
42 Conclusions The trunk shaking technology for over-ripe fruit may need further refinement before its application yields satisfactory quality. Our research showed strong potential for freshprocessed olives on the California olive market. In general, Buttery has been identified to be an important characteristics that drivers consumer preference; whereas Fermented fruit was found to be an important characteristic that drives consumers to dislike a product.
43 Acknowledgements US Department of Agriculture California Olive Committee Bell Carter Musco Family Olives Descriptive analysis panelists Consumers Thank you for your attention!
COMPARISON OF THREE METHODOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY DRIVERS OF LIKING OF MILK DESSERTS
COMPARISON OF THREE METHODOLOGIES TO IDENTIFY DRIVERS OF LIKING OF MILK DESSERTS Gastón Ares, Cecilia Barreiro, Ana Giménez, Adriana Gámbaro Sensory Evaluation Food Science and Technology Department School
More informationYou know what you like, but what about everyone else? A Case study on Incomplete Block Segmentation of white-bread consumers.
You know what you like, but what about everyone else? A Case study on Incomplete Block Segmentation of white-bread consumers. Abstract One man s meat is another man s poison. There will always be a wide
More informationPerceptual Mapping and Opportunity Identification. Dr. Chris Findlay Compusense Inc.
Perceptual Mapping and Opportunity Identification Dr. Chris Findlay Compusense Inc. What are we trying to accomplish? Outline Sensory experience of consumers Descriptive Analysis What is a Perceptual Map?
More informationSUGAR COOKIE APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SUGAR COOKIE FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY
SUGAR COOKIE APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SUGAR COOKIE FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY SUGAR COOKIE RESEARCH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For this study, eggs were reduced
More informationD Lemmer and FJ Kruger
D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for
More informationPeach festival consumer insights of white peaches. Dr. Amy Bowen
Peach festival consumer insights of white peaches Dr. Amy Bowen Yellow vs. white fleshed peach Ontario Tender Fruit Growers University of Guelph peach breeding program Dr. Jay Subramanian Introduction
More informationIntracultural study of European* Consumer Acceptability of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Drinks.
Intracultural study of European* Consumer Acceptability of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Drinks. *Portugal, United Kingdom and France M. I. Franco, Geneviève Fliedel, Aurelie Bechoff, Corinne Rumney, M. Q. Freitas,
More informationSensory Quality Measurements
Sensory Quality Measurements Evaluating Fruit Flavor Quality Appearance Taste, Aroma Texture/mouthfeel Florence Zakharov Department of Plant Sciences fnegre@ucdavis.edu Instrumental evaluation / Sensory
More informationA CASE STUDY: HOW CONSUMER INSIGHTS DROVE THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH OF A NEW RED WINE
A CASE STUDY: HOW CONSUMER INSIGHTS DROVE THE SUCCESSFUL LAUNCH OF A NEW RED WINE Laure Blauvelt SSP 2010 0 Agenda Challenges of Wine Category Consumers: Foundation for Product Insights Successful Launch
More informationGreen Tea Flavor Description
Green Tea Flavor Description Focus on Differences in Green and Brown Flavor Notes Delores H. Chambers, Jeehyun Lee, and Edgar Chambers IV The Sensory Analysis Center Department of Human Nutrition Kansas
More informationFinal report for National Mango Board. Effect of fruit characteristics and postharvest treatments on the textural. quality of fresh-cut mangos
Final report for National Mango Board Effect of fruit characteristics and postharvest treatments on the textural quality of fresh-cut mangos Principal Investigators: Diane M. Barrett, Dept. Food Science
More informationSession 4: Managing seasonal production challenges. Relationships between harvest time and wine composition in Cabernet Sauvignon.
Session 4: Managing seasonal production challenges Relationships between harvest time and wine composition in Cabernet Sauvignon Keren Bindon Cristian Varela, Helen Holt, Patricia Williamson, Leigh Francis,
More informationPitahaya postharvest management and sensory evaluation
Pitahaya postharvest management and sensory evaluation Mary Lu Arpaia, UC Riverside Marita Cantwell, UC Davis Ramiro Lobo, UCCE San Diego County David Obenland, USDA Parlier Pitahaya Production Seminar
More informationBLUEBERRY MUFFIN APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN BLUEBERRY MUFFIN FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY
BLUEBERRY MUFFIN APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN BLUEBERRY MUFFIN FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY BLUEBERRY MUFFIN RESEARCH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For this study,
More informationPaul Vossen. University of California Cooperative Extension Sonoma County 133 Aviation Blvd. # 109 Santa Rosa, CA
Paul Vossen University of California Cooperative Extension Sonoma County 133 Aviation Blvd. # 109 Santa Rosa, CA 95403 pmvossen@ucdavis.edu http://cesonoma.ucdavis.edu California Olive Oil Sensory Experience
More informationF&N 453 Project Written Report. TITLE: Effect of wheat germ substituted for 10%, 20%, and 30% of all purpose flour by
F&N 453 Project Written Report Katharine Howe TITLE: Effect of wheat substituted for 10%, 20%, and 30% of all purpose flour by volume in a basic yellow cake. ABSTRACT Wheat is a component of wheat whole
More information1. Title: Identification of High Yielding, Root Rot Tolerant Sweet Corn Hybrids
Report to the Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission 2007 2008 1. Title: Identification of High Yielding, Root Rot Tolerant Sweet Corn Hybrids 2. Project Leaders: James R. Myers, Horticulture 3. Cooperators:
More informationCHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE APPLICATION RESEARCH
CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY CHOCOLATE CHIP COOKIE RESEARCH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For
More informationCOTECA Coffee - a sensory pleasure with high quality standards
COTECA Coffee - a sensory pleasure with high quality standards Nora Ohnesorge M.Sc. Food Science October 11 th 2018 Quality According to Duden, QUALITY means all characteristics of a product o Quality
More informationTips for Writing the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Tips for Writing the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 1. The contents of the R&D section depends on the sequence of procedures described in the Materials and Methods section of the paper. 2. Data should be presented
More informationDevelopment and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour. Marta Gonzaga. Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia
Development and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour Marta Gonzaga Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia 1 Introduction Bread is one of the oldest functional
More informationMischa Bassett F&N 453. Individual Project. Effect of Various Butters on the Physical Properties of Biscuits. November 20, 2006
Mischa Bassett F&N 453 Individual Project Effect of Various Butters on the Physical Properties of Biscuits November 2, 26 2 Title Effect of various butters on the physical properties of biscuits Abstract
More informationFig. 3.1 Ultrafiltration Plant proved to be the most useful parameter for the characterization of whitening ability. The L* a* b* value in coffee were 52.19, 4.12 and 19.32 for
More informationAn Advanced Tool to Optimize Product Characteristics and to Study Population Segmentation
OP&P Product Research Utrecht, The Netherlands May 16, 2011 An Advanced Tool to Optimize Product Characteristics and to Study Population Segmentation John M. Ennis, Daniel M. Ennis, & Benoit Rousseau The
More informationUpdate on Wheat vs. Gluten-Free Bread Properties
Update on Wheat vs. Gluten-Free Bread Properties This is the second in a series of articles on gluten-free products. Most authorities agree that the gluten-free market is one of the fastest growing food
More information5. Supporting documents to be provided by the applicant IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER
Guidance notes on the classification of a flavouring substance with modifying properties and a flavour enhancer 27.5.2014 Contents 1. Purpose 2. Flavouring substances with modifying properties 3. Flavour
More informationThe Effects of Dried Beer Extract in the Making of Bread. Josh Beedle and Tanya Racke FN 453
The Effects of Dried Beer Extract in the Making of Bread Josh Beedle and Tanya Racke FN 453 Abstract: Dried Beer Extract is used in food production to create a unique and palatable flavor. This experiment
More informationSWEET DOUGH APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SWEET DOUGH FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY
SWEET DOUGH APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SWEET DOUGH FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY SWEET DOUGH RESEARCH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY For this study, eggs were reduced
More informationOregon Wine Advisory Board Research Progress Report
Grape Research Reports, 1996-97: Fermentation Processing Effects on Anthocyanin and... Page 1 of 10 Oregon Wine Advisory Board Research Progress Report 1996-1997 Fermentation Processing Effects on Anthocyanin
More informationSensory Quality Measurements
Sensory Quality Measurements Florence Zakharov Department of Plant Sciences fnegre@ucdavis.edu Evaluating Fruit Flavor Quality Appearance Taste, Aroma Texture/mouthfeel Instrumental evaluation / Sensory
More informationWedges with tomato salsa
Wedges with tomato salsa Ingredients Serves Wedges potatoes, washed and sliced into wedges tablespoon oil Tomato salsa tomatoes, cored and diced / spring onion, finely sliced pepper to taste teaspoon sweet
More informationSensory Approaches and New Methods for Developing Grain-Based Products. Symposia Oglethorpe CC Monday 26 October :40 a.m.
Sensory Approaches and New Methods for Developing Grain-Based Products Symposia Oglethorpe CC Monday 26 October 2016 8:40 a.m. 102-S Perception dynamics of grain-based ready-to-eat cereal products using
More informationEVALUATION OF SODIUM ACID SULFATE
EVALUATION OF SODIUM ACID SULFATE IN A MODEL CARBONATED BEVERAGE A Report Prepared for Jones-Hamilton Co. August 2002 INTRODUCTION Jones-Hamilton Co. wishes to explore the benefits of their acidulant,
More information1. Continuing the development and validation of mobile sensors. 3. Identifying and establishing variable rate management field trials
Project Overview The overall goal of this project is to deliver the tools, techniques, and information for spatial data driven variable rate management in commercial vineyards. Identified 2016 Needs: 1.
More informationFactors influencing mandarin fruit quality. What drives the eating. Outline. experience in mandarins?
Factors influencing mandarin fruit quality David Obenland, USDA-ARS, Parlier, CA Mary Lu Arpaia, UCR What drives the eating Outline experience in mandarins? Exterior appearance is important for the initial
More informationFOOD FOR THOUGHT Topical Insights from our Subject Matter Experts LEVERAGING AGITATING RETORT PROCESSING TO OPTIMIZE PRODUCT QUALITY
FOOD FOR THOUGHT Topical Insights from our Subject Matter Experts LEVERAGING AGITATING RETORT PROCESSING TO OPTIMIZE PRODUCT QUALITY The NFL White Paper Series Volume 5, August 2012 Introduction Beyond
More informationINFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SEASONINGS ON BEEF FLAVOR: US, SPANISH, AND ARGENTINEAN CUSTOMS
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SEASONINGS ON BEEF FLAVOR: US, SPANISH, AND ARGENTINEAN CUSTOMS Laura Vázquez Araújo and Koushik Adhikari Sensory Analysis Center, Human Nutrition, Kansas State University Objectives
More informationEffect of Breed on Palatability of Dry-Cured Ham. S.J. Wells, S.J. Moeller, H.N. Zerby, K.M. Irvin
Effect of Breed on Palatability of Dry-Cured Ham S.J. Wells, S.J. Moeller, H.N. Zerby, K.M. Irvin Abstract: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of genetic background (treatment) on palatability
More informationBig Growers vs. Small Growers OLIVE OIL IN CALIFORNIA
Big Growers vs. Small Growers OLIVE OIL IN CALIFORNIA University of California 133 Aviation Blvd. Santa Rosa, CA 95472 pmvossen@ucdavis.edu CHANGES IN OLIVE OIL CONSUMPTION FROM 1990 TO 2005 Country Whole
More informationFlavour release and perception in reformulated foods
Flavour release and perception in reformulated foods Towards a better understanding Christian Salles INRA, France 1 Background Many solutions have been proposed to decrease salt in foods but most of them
More informationIT 403 Project Beer Advocate Analysis
1. Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) IT 403 Project Beer Advocate Analysis Beer Advocate is a membership-based reviews website where members rank different beers based on a wide number of categories. The
More informationSWEETABULARY sweetness language: Bridging the gap between consumer and food scientists
SWEETABULARY sweetness language: Bridging the gap between consumer and food scientists ANDREA BELFORD, BUSINESS SCIENTIST, AND LAKENDRA SHEPARD, SENIOR SENSORY SCIENTIST BRIDGEWATER, NJ SWEETABULARY sweetness
More informationStudies in the Postharvest Handling of California Avocados
California Avocado Society 1993 Yearbook 77: 79-88 Studies in the Postharvest Handling of California Avocados Mary Lu Arpaia Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside
More informationFlexible Working Arrangements, Collaboration, ICT and Innovation
Flexible Working Arrangements, Collaboration, ICT and Innovation A Panel Data Analysis Cristian Rotaru and Franklin Soriano Analytical Services Unit Economic Measurement Group (EMG) Workshop, Sydney 28-29
More informationEFFECT OF TOMATO GENETIC VARIATION ON LYE PEELING EFFICACY TOMATO SOLUTIONS JIM AND ADAM DICK SUMMARY
EFFECT OF TOMATO GENETIC VARIATION ON LYE PEELING EFFICACY TOMATO SOLUTIONS JIM AND ADAM DICK 2013 SUMMARY Several breeding lines and hybrids were peeled in an 18% lye solution using an exposure time of
More information2. Materials and methods. 1. Introduction. Abstract
Standardizing Peanut Roasting Process Of Peanut Butter Production N. K. Dhamsaniya and N. C. Patel Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India Abstract The current practice of roasting peanut
More informationAwareness, Attitude & Usage Study Executive Summary
Awareness, Attitude & Usage Study Executive Summary 8.4.11 Background The National Pecan Shellers Association (NPSA) is interested in encouraging the consumption of Pecans, particularly increasing the
More informationSensory evaluation of virgin or cold-pressed edible oils
Sensory evaluation of virgin or cold-pressed edible oils Bertrand Matthäus and Ludger Brühl Max Rubner-Institut, Working Group for Lipid Research, Detmold, Germany The most important parameter for the
More informationAs described in the test schedule the wines were stored in the following container types:
Consolitated English Report ANALYSIS REPORT AFTER 12 MONTHS STORAGE TIME Storage trial dated Mai 31 th 2011 At 31.05.2011 you received the report of the storage experiment for a still and sparkling Riesling
More informationElderberry Ripeness and Determination of When to Harvest. Patrick Byers, Regional Horticulture Specialist,
Elderberry Ripeness and Determination of When to Harvest Patrick Byers, Regional Horticulture Specialist, byerspl@missouri.edu 1. Ripeness is an elusive concept for many people a. Ripeness is often entirely
More informationLamb and Mutton Quality Audit
Lamb and Mutton Quality Audit rmrdsaonline.co.za/lamb-and-mutton-quality-audit/ By admin 10/08/2018 South African Retail Lamb and Mutton Quality Audit Industry Sector: Cattle and Small Stock Research focus
More informationAudrey Page. Brooke Sacksteder. Kelsi Buckley. Title: The Effects of Black Beans as a Flour Replacer in Brownies. Abstract:
Audrey Page Brooke Sacksteder Kelsi Buckley Title: The Effects of Black Beans as a Flour Replacer in Brownies Abstract: One serving of beans can provide 30% of an average adult s daily recommendation for
More informationGluten-Free Sugar Cookies
Gluten-Free Sugar Cookies Behzad Alavi Angela Gomez Tallene Hacatoryan Belen Rediet Janet Solis NTRS 410- Experimental Foods California State University Los Angeles Spring 2015 Gluten-Free Background An
More informationBest Practices for use of SmartFresh on Pear Fruit. Beth Mitcham Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis
Best Practices for use of SmartFresh on Pear Fruit Beth Mitcham Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis 1-Methylcyclopropene Cyclic olefin gas Inhibitor of ethylene binding and action
More informationExtra Virgin Olive Oils A Case Study
Extra Virgin Olive Oils A Case Study Society of Sensory Professionals Industry Transforming Research October 29, 2010 Herbert Stone Senior Advisor www.tragon.com (800) 841-1177 2010 TRAGON CORPORATION
More informationGenotype influence on sensory quality of roast sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Genotype influence on sensory quality of roast sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Galina Pevicharova, Velichka Todorova Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research institute, Brezovsko shosse
More informationFacultad de Química. Universidad de la República. Montevideo, Uruguay. 11th Sensometrics, July 2012, Rennes, France
Penalty analysis based on CATA questions to identify drivers of liking and directions for product reformulation Gastón Ares 1, Cecilia Dauber 1, Elisa Fernández 1, Ana Giménez 1, Paula Varela 2 1 Facultad
More informationYear 8 Food Technology Booklet
Year 8 Food Technology Booklet Name : Teacher : Form : Class : Evaluation Research Final Idea Designs Global grade:. End of year target: Situation Tesco are making a range of healthy cased snacks aimed
More informationPomegranate Production and Consumer Analysis
Pomegranate Production and Consumer Analysis Zhengfei Guan, Lisa House, Feng Wu, Armand Kaplanni Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Outline Production Analysis Tasting Test Consumer Behavior Production
More informationDevelopment of Value Added Products From Home-Grown Lychee
Development of Value Added Products From Home-Grown Lychee S. Ahammed 1, M. M. H. Talukdar 1, M. S. Kamal 2 1 Department of Food Engineering and Technology Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology
More informationGCSE 4091/01 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY UNIT 1 FOCUS AREA: Food Technology
Surname Centre Number Candidate Number Other Names 0 GCSE 4091/01 DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY UNIT 1 FOCUS AREA: Food Technology A.M. TUESDAY, 19 May 2015 2 hours S15-4091-01 For s use Question Maximum Mark
More informationStep 1: Brownie batter was prepared for each oil variation following the recipe on the Betty Crocker brownie mix box.
Title: The effects of substituting coconut oil in brownies Abstract: In baking brownies, canola oil was replaced with coconut oil in the same amount to test the effect on texture, flavor and overall satisfaction.
More informationMichigan Grape & Wine Industry Council Annual Report 2012
Michigan Grape & Wine Industry Council Annual Report 2012 Title: Determining pigment co-factor content in commercial wine grapes and effect of micro-oxidation in Michigan Wines Principal Investigator:
More informationInfluence of climate and variety on the effectiveness of cold maceration. Richard Fennessy Research officer
Influence of climate and variety on the effectiveness of cold maceration Richard Fennessy Research officer What is pre-fermentative cold maceration ( cold soak ) and what are the benefits? Introduction
More informationEmerging Local Food Systems in the Caribbean and Southern USA July 6, 2014
Consumers attitudes toward consumption of two different types of juice beverages based on country of origin (local vs. imported) Presented at Emerging Local Food Systems in the Caribbean and Southern USA
More informationDETERMINATION OF FRYING TEMPERATURE AND VACUUM PRESSURE TO PRODUCE PINEAPPLE CHIPS USING SIMPLE VACUUM FRIER *)
DETERMINATION OF FRYING TEMPERATURE AND VACUUM PRESSURE TO PRODUCE PINEAPPLE CHIPS USING SIMPLE VACUUM FRIER *) Yuniarti 1, Susinggih W 2, Nur Hidayat 2 and Anang L 2. 1. Dept. of Postharvest Handling
More informationWALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010
WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 Carolyn DeBuse, John Edstrom, Janine Hasey, and Bruce Lampinen ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the 1970s as a high density system
More informationThe Importance of Dose Rate and Contact Time in the Use of Oak Alternatives
W H I T E PA P E R The Importance of Dose Rate and Contact Time in the Use of Oak Alternatives David Llodrá, Research & Development Director, Oak Solutions Group www.oaksolutionsgroup.com Copyright 216
More informationWine-Tasting by Numbers: Using Binary Logistic Regression to Reveal the Preferences of Experts
Wine-Tasting by Numbers: Using Binary Logistic Regression to Reveal the Preferences of Experts When you need to understand situations that seem to defy data analysis, you may be able to use techniques
More informationMelon Quality & Ripening
Melon Quality & Ripening Marita Cantwell Dept. Plant Sciences, UC Davis micantwell@ucdavis.edu Fruit Ripening and Ethylene Management Workshop Postharvest Technology Center, UC Davis, March 17-18, 2015
More informationAnalysis of Coffee Shops Within a One-Mile Radius of the University of North Texas
Feasibility Report Analysis of Coffee Shops Within a One-Mile Radius of the University of North Texas Prepared by: Robert Buchanan, Christopher Douglas, Grant Koslowski and Miguel Martinez Prepared for:
More informationConsumer Preferences Trends
Consumer Preferences Trends Christine M. Bruhn Director, Retired Center for Consumer Research Dept Food Science and Technology UC Davis Factors Influencing Food Purchase International Food Information
More informationFlavor Management and Quality Services
Flavor Management and Quality Services Presented by : Wil Sumner, Director of Food and Agriculture Testing Services, and Lien Ha, Testing Associate, Scientific Certification Systems Speaker Wil Sumner,
More informationINFLUENCE OF THIN JUICE ph MANAGEMENT ON THICK JUICE COLOR IN A FACTORY UTILIZING WEAK CATION THIN JUICE SOFTENING
INFLUENCE OF THIN JUICE MANAGEMENT ON THICK JUICE COLOR IN A FACTORY UTILIZING WEAK CATION THIN JUICE SOFTENING Introduction: Christopher D. Rhoten The Amalgamated Sugar Co., LLC 5 South 5 West, Paul,
More informationSPONGE CAKE APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SPONGE CAKE FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY
SPONGE CAKE APPLICATION RESEARCH COMPARING THE FUNCTIONALITY OF EGGS TO EGG REPLACERS IN SPONGE CAKE FORMULATIONS RESEARCH SUMMARY SPONGE CAKE RESEARCH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Starting with a gold standard sponge
More informationEffects of Capture and Return on Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.) Fermentation Volatiles. Emily Hodson
Effects of Capture and Return on Chardonnay (Vitis vinifera L.) Fermentation Volatiles. Emily Hodson Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial
More informationLaboratory Research Proposal Streusel Coffee Cake with Pureed Cannellini Beans
Laboratory Research Proposal Streusel Coffee Cake with Pureed Cannellini Beans Lab Unit #1 Ali Aucoin Kelly Reardon Shannon Flynn Kelly Fischl Wednesday Lab Section Purpose: The purpose of this project
More informationAN ENOLOGY EXTENSION SERVICE QUARTERLY PUBLICATION
The Effects of Pre-Fermentative Addition of Oenological Tannins on Wine Components and Sensorial Qualities of Red Wine FBZDF Wine. What Where Why How 2017 2. October, November, December What the authors
More informationInfluence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert
Influence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert Michael A. Maurer and Kai Umeda Abstract A field study was designed to determine the effects of cultivar and
More informationResearch Progress towards Mechanical Harvest of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile
Research Progress towards Mechanical Harvest of New Mexico Pod-type Green Chile Dr. Stephanie Walker swalker@ Introduction New Mexico Chile NM pod type chile peppers (C. annuum) -Introduction with New
More informationEffects of Acai Berry on Oatmeal Cookies
Jessica Dooley and Jennifer Gotsch FN 453 Team Project Written Report Effects of Acai Berry on Oatmeal Cookies Abstract: Oxidative stress can cause many diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and stoke.
More information2016 China Dry Bean Historical production And Estimated planting intentions Analysis
2016 China Dry Bean Historical production And Estimated planting intentions Analysis Performed by Fairman International Business Consulting 1 of 10 P a g e I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A. Overall Bean Planting
More informationABCs OF WINE TASTING Worksheet
Class 1: Module 1 1. The winemaking equation is: Grapes + Yeast = A. (The first letter of the answer is provided) 2. As grapes ripen on the vine, the amount of sugar contained in each berry increases /
More informationUNDERSTANDING WINE Class 1 Worksheet
Class 1 Worksheet 1. White wine should be served between and degrees Fahrenheit. 2. -shaped glasses help concentrate wine aromas at the rim. 3. Glasses should be filled no more than to full, leaving room
More informationSpecialized Section on Standardization of Dry and Dried Produce REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS INSHELL WALNUTS
INFORMAL DOCUMENT NO. 4 (ENGLISH) 13 June 2008 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE COMMITTEE ON TRADE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards Specialized Section on Standardization of Dry and Dried
More informationMaterials and Methods
Objective OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY SEED LABORATORY SUMMIT SEED COATINGS- Caldwell ID Final Report April 2010 Effect of various seed coating treatments on viability and vigor of two blends of Kentucky bluegrass
More informationWorld of Wine: From Grape to Glass Syllabus
World of Wine: From Grape to Glass Syllabus COURSE OVERVIEW Have you always wanted to know more about how grapes are grown and wine is made? Perhaps you like a specific wine, but can t pinpoint the reason
More informationLauren Paradiso, Ciara Seaver, Jiehao Xie
Lauren Paradiso, Ciara Seaver, Jiehao Xie Abstract The amount of fat present in each pie crust had a big impact on the flavor, color and texture and overall affected the quality of each pie crust. In terms
More informationSENSORY EVALUATION OF FOOD
SENSORY EVALUATION OF FOOD Influences on Food Preferences Physical: Issues that can affect the ability to detect flavors: Body chemistry Number of taste buds Age Gender Influences on Food Preferences Psychological
More informationAssessing clonal variability in Chardonnay and Shiraz for future climate change
Assessing clonal variability in Chardonnay and Shiraz for future climate change Dr Michael McCarthy (SARDI), Richard Fennessy (DAFWA), Libby Tassie (Tassie Viticulture Consulting) and John Whiting (John
More informationDiscriminating terroirs by combination of phenolics and sensory profiles of Malbec wines from Mendoza
Discriminating terroirs by combination of phenolics and sensory profiles of Malbec wines from Mendoza Roy Urvieta, his PhD Adviser Ariel Fontana, Fernando Buscema, Beatriz Coste and Rubén Bottini, published
More informationTofu is a high protein food made from soybeans that are usually sold as a block of
Abstract Tofu is a high protein food made from soybeans that are usually sold as a block of wet cake. Tofu is the result of the process of coagulating proteins in soymilk with calcium or magnesium salt
More informationPrimary Learning Outcomes: Students will be able to define the term intent to purchase evaluation and explain its use.
THE TOMATO FLAVORFUL OR FLAVORLESS? Written by Amy Rowley and Jeremy Peacock Annotation In this classroom activity, students will explore the principles of sensory evaluation as they conduct and analyze
More informationRESEARCH UPDATE from Texas Wine Marketing Research Institute by Natalia Kolyesnikova, PhD Tim Dodd, PhD THANK YOU SPONSORS
RESEARCH UPDATE from by Natalia Kolyesnikova, PhD Tim Dodd, PhD THANK YOU SPONSORS STUDY 1 Identifying the Characteristics & Behavior of Consumer Segments in Texas Introduction Some wine industries depend
More informationULTRA FRESH SWEET INTRODUCTION
ULTRA FRESH SWEET INTRODUCTION 11/18/2013 Discussion - Ultra Fresh Sweet origin and supporting science - Market perspective Customer - Market perspective Consumer - Science of staling - Ultra Fresh Sweet
More informationRole of Flavorings in Determining Food Quality
Role of Flavorings in Determining Food Quality Keith Cadwallader Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6 th Annual Food Sure Summit 2018 Chicago, IL,
More informationSensory Considerations in BIB Design. Chris Findlay, PhD. Compusense Inc. Guelph. Canada
Sensory Considerations in BIB Design Chris Findlay, PhD. Compusense Inc. Guelph. Canada cfindlay@compusense.com Sensory Considerations in BIB Design All sensory and consumer testing is based upon the ability
More information4-H Food Preservation Proficiency
4-H Food Preservation Proficiency OVERVIEW The 4-H Food Preservation Proficiency program helps you learn what you need to know about your 4-H project. Your project leader will assist you in setting and
More informationIntroduction to Wine Judging A preparatory course for AWS Certified Wine Judge Training
Introduction to Wine Judging A preparatory course for AWS Certified Wine Judge Training Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D. Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit UMD/Maryland Cooperative/WMREC Gary C. Pavlis, Ph.D.
More informationGrain and Flour Quality of Ethiopian Sorghum in Respect of their Injera Making Potential
Grain and Flour Quality of Ethiopian Sorghum in Respect of their Injera Making Potential EIAR Senayit Yetneberk, Lloyd W. Rooney, John R. N. Taylor and H.L. de Kock UP Introduction Injera is an Ethiopian
More information