Recommended Native Plant Species for Shoreland Restoration in Lincoln County

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1 Basic Plant Tips Remove weeds & grass from site before planting Prepare/amend & loosen soil before planting Plant in a location with suitable soil type & sun requirements for the selected species Water new plants frequently until established Use mulch to conserve water and inhibit weed growth Consider using a cage/fence to protect new plants from wildlife Always purchase native plants according to the scientific name Check for plant availability with native plant nurseries or look into transplanting species that are already established on your property Common Name Scientific Name Alder Alnus incana ssp. rugosa American Elm Ulmus Americana American Hazelnut Corylus americana American Yew Taxus Canadensis Balsam fir Abies balsamifera Barren strawberry Waldsteinia fragarioides Growth Form / Features & Characteristics Sun/shade; moist to wet soils; up to 30ft tall; brown catkins. Sun to part shade; moist to well-drained soils; grows to 100ft. Full sun to part shade; well drained soils; 8-15ft tall; produces nuts; showy fall color Sun or shade; moist to welldrained soils; 3 to 6 ft.; evergreen Sun to shade; mesic to moist soils; grows to 80ft. soils; 4-6in tall; yellow flower; nice fall color. Additional Comments Privacy; bank stabilization; nitrogen fixer Heat tolerant; attracts birds and butterflies Edible nuts; privacy barrier; fast growth rate Ground cover; slow growth rate; evergreen; easily transplanted Good for screening Clonal; ground cover flower; easy to grow

2 Beaked Hazelnut Corylus cornuta Beardstongue Penstemon grandiflorus Big leaved aster Aster macrophylus Black Cherry Prunus serotina Black Chokeberry Aronia melanocarpa Black Willow Salix nigra Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Blue-joint Grass Calamagrostis canadensis Butterfly Weed Asclepias tuberosa Canada Goldenrod Solidago canadensis Grass / Sedge Sun to heavy shade; well drained soils; grows to 10ft tall; produces nuts; tiny red flowers Sun to medium shade; average to moist soils; 1-2 ft.; small white flowers soils; 1-3ft tall; pale blue soils; grows ft; white flowers, black cherries. mesic soils; flowers are white to pink, black berries. Full sun to partial shade; wetter soils; grows to 30ft. moist soils; 1-3ft tall; yellow/brown Sun/part-shade; moist to wet soils; grows 2-3ft tall. Full sun; drier soils; 1-2 ft.; brilliant orange color mesic soils; 1-3ft tall; yellow Good understory shrub because of shade tolerance; edible nuts; cold winter and drought tolerant; accent; attracts hummingbirds Ground cover Good for pollinators; Bank stabilization; reproduces quickly Accent; looks like small sunflower Filler Attracts butterflies; deer resistant; landscape plant Clonal

3 Canada Plum Prunus nigra Columbine Aquilegia canadensis Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca Downy Arrow-wood Viburnum rafinesquianum Downy Hawthorn Crataegus mollis Eastern Hemlock Tsuga Canadensis Eastern white pine Pinus strobus Elderberry (red or black) Sambucus pubens/canadensis Fireweed Epilobum angustifolium Flat-topped Aster Aster umbellatus Partial shade; moist soils; grows up to 25ft.; white showy fragrant flowers; reddish fruit soils; 1-3ft tall; red & yellow mesic soils; 3-6ft tall, pink to cream flower; monarch butterfly food. Part-shade to shade; dry to mesic soils; 6-12ft tall; great fall colors, blue berries. Full sun; moist soils; grows to 30ft.; bronze fall color; small white flowers Part sun to part shade; moist to well drained soils; reaches 70ft. Sun; dry soils; grows ft. Sun to part shade; prefers moist soils; 5-12ft. tall; showy white flowers Sun; dry to mesic soils; 2-6ft tall; pink to purple Sun/shade; mesic to moist soils; 1-5ft tall; flat-topped head of white landscape accent; wildlife food Landscape accent; very interesting shaped blooms Good for pollinators; clonal ; landscape accent; understory plant Easy to grow; privacy border; wildlife food; red cherry-like inedible fruit Slow grower; does well on north facing slopes Wildlife habitat Grows well in bog sites; wildlife food; fast growth rate Clonal Landscape accent; Rain garden

4 Fox Sedge Carex vulpinoidea Grass-leaved Goldenrod Euthamia graminifolia Gray Dogwood Cornus racemosa Great St. John's-wort Hypericum pyrimidatum Hackberry Celtis occidentalis High Bush Cranberry Viburnum trilobum Joe-pye Weed Eupatorium maculatum Kinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Lady Fern Atherium felix-femina Grass / Sedge Fern Sun/part-shade; moist to wet soils; grows 2-3ft tall; clump forming, pioneer species. Sun; dry to moist and sandy soils; 1-4ft tall, flattopped yellow flower clusters. Sun and shade tolerant; tolerates many soil types; 10-15ft. tall; white flowers fruit Sun/part-shade; mesic to moist soils; 2-5ft tall; yellow Sun to part shade; medium soils; grows to 70ft. Sun to partial shade; well drained moist soils; 8-12ft. tall; purple fall color; edible Sun/shade; mesic to moist soils; 2-7ft tall; pink to purple flower clusters. Sun to part shade; dry, acidic soils; 2-6 in. tall; trailing habit; flowers are white to pink, red-berries. Part shade to shade; mesic to moist soils; 1-2ft tall. Clonal Filler Soil stabilization; easily transplanted and adaptable; wildlife food Accent; large star shaped flowers Wildlife habitat; windbreaks border; useful for flowers and fruit; attracts birds Accent; Rain garden; will grow along shoreline Rock gardens; shrub borders; ground cover Accent/Filler Lake Sedge Carex lacustrus Grass / Sedge Sun to partly shady; wet soils; grows 2-3ft tall. Clonal

5 Lance Leaved Coreopsis Coreopsis lanceolata Low-bush Blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Mapleleaf Viburnum Viburnum acerfolium Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris Marsh/Swamp Milkweed Asclepias incarnata Mountain Ash Sorbus americana Nannyberry Viburnum lentago New England Aster Aster novae angliae New Jersey Tea Ceanothus americanus Full to partial sun; dry to moderate soils; grows to 2ft.; yellow daisy like flowers Full sun; moist acidic welldrained soils; up to 2ft tall; sweet edible fruit Full sun to shade; well drained soils; 4-6 ft.; yellowish-white flowers and red fall foliage; Full sun to partial shade; only wetter soils; 1 to 2 ft.; brilliant yellow blooms Sun; mesic to moist soils; grows up to 5ft tall; deep pink to red Sun; range of soil types; dislikes dry soil, Showy flowers Sun or shade; well drained to moist soils; grows to 15ft; showy blooms Sun to light shade; average to moist soils; 3-4ft, small pink blooms Sun to medium shade; welldrained soils; grows to 2ft.; showy-fluffy flowers Cut flower arrangements; attracts birds and butterflies; easy to grow Useful in shrub border; food source for humans and wildlife borders; landscape accent Does well in very wet areas; accent on shorelines Accent; Rain garden ; landscape accent Hedges; shrub borders; decorative flowers Accent; shrub border; vibrant color Attracts butterflies; can be dried for a tea similar to black tea; landscape accent

6 Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Northern Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera Northern Pin Oak Quercus ellipsoidalis Northern Red Oak Quercus rubra Old Field Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Pagoda Dogwood Cornus alternifolia Panicled Aster Aster lanceolatus Paper Birch Betula paperifera Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Pin Cherry Prunus pensylvanica Plantain Pussytoes Antennaria plantaginifolia Full sun to partial shade; adaptable to many soil types; grows 10ft.; small white flower clusters Sun to shade; dry soils; 1-3ft tall; good fall color. Sun; Dry soils; grows to 68ft. Sun; medium moisture to dry; grows to 98 ft. Sun; dry and sandy soils; 1-1.5ft tall; yellow flowers, grey stems. Sun to partly shady; well drained soils; grows to 25ft.; white fragrant flowers; black berries Sun/shade; mesic to moist soils; 2-5ft tall; white to pale blue mesic soils; grows to 70ft. Sun to partial shade; moist soils but can tolerate drier soils; 2 ft.; small showy white-yellow flowers Sun; dry soils; grows to 30ft; white flowers and red berries Sun; dry soils; white/pink flowers, 4-16 in tall. border; screen for winter; easy to grow in different soil conditions Accent Well suited for highly disturbed sites; Wildlife food Shade tree; Accent; Filler Landscape accent; valuable wildlife food and cover Accent; Rain garden Accent; Bright white bark Dried flower arrangements; deer resistant; accent Good for pollinators; Ground cover

7 Prairie Phlox Phlox pilosa Prairie Smoke Geum triflorum Purple Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Purple Stem Aster Aster puniceus Full to partial sun; mesic to moist conditions; up to 2ft.; violet, white, or pink flowers Full sun; dry soils; less than 1ft.; showy purple flowers followed by fruiting heads Sun to partial shade; well drained soils; purple petals w/ orange center; 2-3 ft. Sun/shade; moist to wet soils; 1-4ft tall; blue to purple Attracts butterflies; transplants need to be protected from wildlife Rock gardens; borders; low maintenance plant Cut flower arrangements; borders; hardy Accent; Rain Garden Rattlesnake Manna Grass Glyceria canadensis Grass / Sedge Sun/part-shade; moist to wet soils; grows 2-3ft tall. Filler; Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Red Maple Acer rubrum Red Osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera (C. sericea) Red Pine Pinus resinosa (Red) Raspberry Rubus ideaus River Birch Betula nigra Full sun; moist soils; 2-5ft.; spindly stem; yellow spiky flower balls Sun to shade; dry to moist soils; grows to 80ft. Sun/shade; moist to wet soils; 3-10ft tall; white flowers and red stems, good fall and spring color. Sun; dry soils; grows 50-80ft. mesic soils; up to 6ft tall; decorative fruit. Part shade; moist soils; grows 30-50ft.; satiny/silver bark Deer resistant; bluish green stem color; easy to grow Very tolerant Privacy; bank stabilization Wildlife habitat Bank stabilization; wellsuited to wetter areas

8 Riverbank Grape Vitis riparia Rough Blazing Star Liatris aspera Vine Part-shade/shade; moist to wet soils; woody vine; dark berries. Sun to light shade; dry to mesic soils; 1-3ft tall; pink flowers Accent; blooms late summer and early fall Sensitive Fern Onoclea sensibilis Fern Sun to shade; mesic to moist soils; 1-2ft tall Filler; good texture Serviceberry Amelanchier * Multiple Native Species Silver Maple Acer saccharinum Smooth Aster Aster laevis Smooth Rose Rosa blanda Snowberry Symphoricarpos alba Staghorn Sumac Rhus thypina Starflower Trientalis borealis mesic soils; white flowers in early spring, purple berries; great fall color; 6-15ft. Full sun to shade; prefers moist acidic soils; grows to 80ft. mesic soils; 1-3ft tall; blue to purple mesic soils; 3-4ft tall; pink Sun to medium shade; tolerates many soil types; 3-6ft tall; pinkish white flowers; ornamental Full sun to partial shade; well-drained soils; 15-25ft.; very showy fall color; crimson colored fruit Part-shade to shade; dry to mesic soils; grows 4-8in flowers are white. Good for pollinators; /cover; quick to grow; fall color Accent; Rain garden plant. Accent Useful in shrub border; easy to transplant; brilliant white color Bank cover; landscape accent; fast growth rate; adaptable to multiple soil conditions Accent; Filler

9 Steeplebush Spirea tomentosa Sugar Maple Acer saccharum Swamp Rose Rosa palustris Swamp White Oak Quercus Bicolor Sweet Flag Acorus americanus Full sun to part shade; moist to wet soils; grows 6-12ft.; pink flower clusters Sun to Shade; mesic soils, grows ft. Sun; moist to wet soils; 3 7ft tall; pink flowers; red hips. Sun; Moist to wet acidic soils; grows to100 ft. Sun to partial shade; moist soils; 2 ft.; grass-like Attracts birds and butterflies; accent; can tolerate wet conditions Produces sap; landscape fall color Accent Shade ; Wildlife food/cover Deer resistant; accent and soil stabilizer on shorelines Sweet Gale Myrica gale Sun/shade; wet soils; 2-3ft tall; great leaf scent Accent Sweet Fern Comptonia peregrina Tamarak Larix laricinia Virginia Creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virgin's Bower Clematis virginiana White Meadow Sweet Spirea alba Vine Vine Sun to part-shade; dry and sandy soils; 2 3ft tall; great scent; likes more sterile soils Sun; moist to wet soils; 40-80ft tall; deciduous conifer with nice spring and fall color. Sun to shade; dry to moist soils; woody vine; dark berries; fall color. mesic soils; white Sun; mesic to wet soils; grows 3-4ft tall; white Clonal; Nitrogen fixer Accent on wet shorelines Accent/Filler Good for pollinators Accent

10 White Pine Pinus strobus Sun; dry soils; grows ft. Wildlife habitat White Spruce Picea glauca White Turtlehead Chelone glabra Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa Wild Geranium Geranium maculatum Wild Lupine Lupinus perennis Full sun; moist acidic soils; grows to 60ft. Sun/shade; moist to wet soils; 2-3ft tall; white moist soils; 2-4ft tall; pale purple to pink soils; 12-28in tall; pink to purple mesic and sandy soils; 8-24in tall; blue to white flowers, early summer. Common Christmas tree Accent; Rain garden Clonal; Filler; Good for pollinators Accent; Rain garden Karner Blue Butterfly food Wild Strawberry Fragaria virginiana soils; 4-6 in, white Ground cover Winterberry Ilex verticillata Wood Anemone Anemone quincquifolia Yellow Birch Betula alleghaniensis moist soils; 6-10ft tall; may have red berries. soils; 2-8in. tall; white flowers fading to pink. Sun to part shade; well drained soils; grows to ft. Accent; fragrant berries when crushed Ground cover Golden fall color