Influence of Seed Health on the Germination Quality of Seeds

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Influence of Seed Health on the Germination Quality of Seeds"

Transcription

1 Influence of Seed Health on the Germination Quality of Seeds Valerie Cockerell ISTA Germination Seminar 13 June 2011, Zurich

2 Influence of seed health on germination: Outline Seed Health Disease transmission Seed germination Test methods Seedling Assessment Results and reporting Seed treatment/disinfection Influence on germination Results interpretation Summary

3 Introduction Seed Health Definition: ISTA Rules Chapter 7, Seed Health Health of seed refers primarily to the presence or absence of disease-causing organisms, such as fungi, bacteria and viruses, and animal pests, including nematodes and insects, but physiological conditions such as trace element deficiency may be involved.

4 Seed health: disease causing organisms (1) Some seed-borne pathogens attack developing seedlings so that germination and plant establishment are reduced.

5 Seed health: disease causing organisms (2) Examples: Fungi Microdochium spp. Fusarium spp. Alternaria spp. Colletotricum spp. Ascochyta spp. Phoma betae cereals and some grasses maize, wheat, barley, peas. brassicas, linseed beans, linseed peas, chick pea beet

6 Seed health: disease causing organisms (3) Bacteria Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv flaccumfaciens Beans Physiological conditions Manganese deficiency (Marsh spot) Hollow heart Peas, beans Peas Pests Bruchid beetles, weavils Beans, cereals

7 Seed-borne Pathogens Necrotrophs: Kill host cells quickly and live saprophytically on dead tissue Present on surface of seed or within seed coat tissue Infect shoots and or roots of germinating seedlings Transmission is made by contact

8 Epigeal Epigeal germination favours transmission of pathogens to the cotyledons Contact of cotyledons with the affected seed coat (seed coat may remain attached or fall) fallen seed coats may affect hypocotyl if contact made

9 Hypogeal Hypogeal germination aids transmission of pathogens that cause foot and root rots Plumule infection result from contact with diseased seed which remain below ground during germination Invasion can occur via seed attachment into hypocotyl of plants causing foot and stem rotting In cereals direct penetration of base of coleoptile from mycelium in pericarp

10 Environmental factors affecting transmission: Temperature In temperate areas cool conditions encourage seedling attack. Low temperatures result in slow germination higher transmission of disease. (hypogeal germination increased contact time with infected seed) In hotter climates lower rather than higher temperatures may restrict transmission. (Fusarium spp.)

11 % Seedling loss Effect of Microdochium spp. infection in cereals on two sowing dates, Edinburgh, Spring st sowing 2nd sowing Nil 31%Mn 34%Mn 40%Mn 41%Mn 58%M 11%Mn 36%Mn 31%Mn Wheat Barley n Oats -30

12 Environmental factors affecting transmission: Moisture Important for transmission of seed-borne bacteria. (P. syringae pv. pisi increased from 0.75% to 23.3% in compost as moisture increased from 15% to 29%, Roberts, 1992) Particularly important for aerial parts of germinating seeds, moisture levels can increase disease. In epigeal emergence, the cotyledon sometimes emerges with the seed coat or the remains of it still attached. Further transmission affected by climatic conditions. (Septoria apiicola,celery and Anthracnose, phaseolus beans)

13 Germination Test v Seed Health Test Seed Health test Temperature Moisture Light Germination Test Temperature Moisture/Humidity Light Top paper Between paper (BP) Grow out test (BP: ISTA Method Colletotrichum lindumethium) Top paper Between paper Pleated paper Sand, OMG

14 Influence of seed health on germination: Seed Analyst Test conditions Cold pre-treatment to break dormancy encourages Microdochium spp. in infected winter wheat. Alternatives: change dormancy breaking treatment Oven Gibberelic acid

15 Test conditions Cold pre-treatment of linseed reduced Alternaria infection.

16 First count radish Second count might look like this!

17 Saprophytic growth C High humidity

18 Peas infected with Fusarium and Botrytis sp.

19 Assessing diseased seedlings Normal seedlings Intact, healthy Slight defects Seedlings affected by secondary infection otherwise ok Abnormal Decayed essential structures so diseased or decayed as a result of primary infection normal development is prevented

20 Crambe with necrotic spotting Superficial necrotic spotting on hypocotyl

21 Barley seedlings infected with Cochliobolus sativus

22 Normal and abnormal linseed seedlings

23 Linseed >50% cotyledon damage

24 Triticum aestivum seeds infected with Microdochium spp.

25 Oat seedling infected with Drechslera avenae

26 Bean with Bruchid beetle damage

27 Marsh spot field beans

28 Seed producer/grower Question: Is my seed capable of germinating and establishing in the field, greenhouse, or polytunnel? Seed Health Test Germination Test

29 Germination Test: Reporting Results Symptoms of disease can be seen in the germination test. Symptoms not usually sufficient for the determination of the pathogen or accurate estimate. Gives an indication of potential disease problems. Suggest seed health test. Germination conditions may encourage saprophytic growth that are not a problem in the field. Disease leads to variability within replicates and between tests Variability dependant on pathogen or test conditions. Method chosen can reduce the affect of disease.

30 Disinfection ISTA Rules allow for disinfection of Beta vulgaris and Arachis hypoaea Rules proposal put forward because of variability between laboratories in PT and CT tests. Phoma betae common contaminant in traded seed. Secondary infection a big problem.

31 Winter wheat with and without seed treatment

32 Germination test results of 38 samples of Microdochium infected wheat with a variety of treatments. % samples 85% and above. Untreated 25% Organomercury 97% Triadimenol +fuberadazole 92% Guazatine 97% Thiabendazole + carboxin 83% Thiabendazole + flutriafol 34%

33 Summary Seed health influences seed germination both in the field and in the germination test. Understanding the conditions which exacerbate the effect of seed-borne pathogens on germination, help with choice of method. Retest in OGM creates a barrier or simply increasing spacing can reduce effects of secondary infection. Retest when diseased abnormal greater than 4%? Disinfection, introduce more variability?

34 Thank you to OSTS and SASA Staff. Preparation of samples, photography and useful comment! Frances Allan Jean Smith Stuart Grieg Gillian McLaren Also thanks: To the audience for listening!

Santa Barbara County Agricultural Commissioner

Santa Barbara County Agricultural Commissioner Santa Barbara County Agricultural Commissioner Plant Pest and Disease Diagnostic Services Plant Pathology Heather Scheck Entomology Brian Cabrera Santa Barbara: 681-5600 Santa Maria: 934-6200 Plant Pest

More information

Watermelon production IDEA-NEW

Watermelon production IDEA-NEW Watermelon production IDEA-NEW Watermelon Production Watermelon is a warm season crop planted in during the spring-summer season. Watermelon is grown in different parts of Afghanistan In ER, Batikot district

More information

14.7 Black swallowtail; mature larva with scent glands extended.

14.7 Black swallowtail; mature larva with scent glands extended. 14.7 Black swallowtail; mature larva with scent glands extended. 15A.1a Bacterial blight; leaf lesions. 15A.1b Bacterial blight; pod lesions. 15A.2a Ascochyta leaf and pod spot; lesions on leaves and stem.

More information

The Regional Pulse Crop Diagnostic Laboratory Services. New Reduced Prices and Services Effective from 15 July 2018!!! More tests for less price!

The Regional Pulse Crop Diagnostic Laboratory Services. New Reduced Prices and Services Effective from 15 July 2018!!! More tests for less price! The Regional Pulse Crop Diagnostic Laboratory Services New Reduced Prices and Services Effective from 15 July 2018!!! More tests for less price! 1. Ascochyta-Plus: $180/sample (Chickpea, Lentil, and Pea)

More information

Cankers. FRST 307 Fall 2017

Cankers. FRST 307 Fall 2017 Cankers FRST 307 Fall 2017 www.forestryimages.org Website maintained by the Warnell School of Forestry at the University of Georgia, USA Unlike google images, this website is curated and accurate call

More information

Ten Vegetable Diseases You Can Learn to Hate (or Love)

Ten Vegetable Diseases You Can Learn to Hate (or Love) Juneau County Seminar You Can Learn to Hate (or Love) Brian D. Hudelson Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison/Extension Septoria lycopersici (Septoria leaf spot) Alternaria solani

More information

Selection of good seed is a

Selection of good seed is a Potato Facts Selecting, Cutting and Handling Potato Seed Steven B. Johnson, Ph.D., Crops Specialist Bulletin #2412 Generally, a five percent rule applies with seed lots. A seed lot with five percent or

More information

Cercospora Leaf Spot Biology &Management. Oliver T. Neher

Cercospora Leaf Spot Biology &Management. Oliver T. Neher Cercospora Leaf Spot Biology &Management Oliver T. Neher How bad was it? Cercospora Leaf Spot Cercospora Leaf Spot Cercospora beticola Other host plants: swiss chard, spinach, plants in the Amaranthus

More information

Lecture 05 - Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya

Lecture 05 - Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya Lecture 05 - Diseases of Pomegranate and Papaya Pomegranate Cercospora fruit Spot: Cercospora sp. The affected fruits showed small irregular black spots, which later on coalesce, into big spots. The diseased

More information

THE THREAT: The disease leads to dieback in shoots and fruiting buds and an overall decline in walnut tree health.

THE THREAT: The disease leads to dieback in shoots and fruiting buds and an overall decline in walnut tree health. Taking Control of Botryosphaeria in California Walnut Orchards Summary THE ISSUES: Botryosphaeria, or Bot, is a fungal disease that spreads by spores that germinate and enter the tree through existing

More information

Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers

Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers Plant Pathology Fact Sheet PP-34 Alternaria Diseases of Crucifers Tom Kucharek, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist, Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611. 1985, Copied

More information

Diseases, pests, and emerging issues affecting the health of Pacific madrone. Marianne Elliott Plant Pathologist WSU Puyallup

Diseases, pests, and emerging issues affecting the health of Pacific madrone. Marianne Elliott Plant Pathologist WSU Puyallup Diseases, pests, and emerging issues affecting the health of Pacific madrone Marianne Elliott Plant Pathologist WSU Puyallup American Forests Famous and Historic Tree at Magnolia Bluffs, Seattle, WA 1996

More information

Harvesting and Postharvest Harvesting and Postharvest Handling of Dates Handling of Dates

Harvesting and Postharvest Harvesting and Postharvest Handling of Dates Handling of Dates Harvesting and Postharvest Harvesting and Postharvest Handling of Dates Handling of Dates Adel Kader UCDavis June. 2009 Khimri Stage of Development Khalal Stage of Development Date Orchard in Coachella

More information

Effect of climatic changes on the incidence of diseases of winter pulses

Effect of climatic changes on the incidence of diseases of winter pulses Effect of climatic changes on the incidence of diseases of winter pulses Presenter: Md. Abu Bakr Assoc. authors: M.H. Rashid M.S. Hossain A.U. Ahmed International Symposium on Climate Change & Food security

More information

Major seed-borne diseases in Indonesia. A.S. Duriat & J.M. van der Wolf

Major seed-borne diseases in Indonesia. A.S. Duriat & J.M. van der Wolf Major seed-borne diseases in Indonesia A.S. Duriat & J.M. van der Wolf Lay-out Conclusions from the survey Management of major seed-borne pathogens Major fungal diseases on hot pepper Field Seed Pathogen

More information

Evaluation of Compost Teas for Disease Management of Wild Blueberries in Nova Scotia

Evaluation of Compost Teas for Disease Management of Wild Blueberries in Nova Scotia Evaluation of Compost Teas for Disease Management of Wild Blueberries in Nova Scotia Dr. Kathleen Glover, PhD., PAg. Azar Agriculture Inc. Bringing Innovation to the Farm Background In Nova Scotia wild

More information

California Certified Strawberry Nurseries: pathogens of regulatory significance for the Santa Maria area

California Certified Strawberry Nurseries: pathogens of regulatory significance for the Santa Maria area California Certified Strawberry Nurseries: pathogens of regulatory significance for the Santa Maria area Heather Scheck Plant Pathologist Santa Barbara Ag Commissioner s Office Strawberry Registration

More information

Diseases of Vegetables

Diseases of Vegetables Garden Expo 2018 Brian D. Hudelson Department of Plant Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison/Extension Causes Septoria lycopersici (Septoria leaf spot) Alternaria solani (early blight) Phytophthora

More information

Legume ipmpipe Diagnostic Pocket Series Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (on beans and lentil), C. gloeosporioides (on pea)

Legume ipmpipe Diagnostic Pocket Series Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (on beans and lentil), C. gloeosporioides (on pea) Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (on beans and lentil), C. gloeosporioides (on pea) FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. gloeosporioides AUTHORS: H.F. Schwartz

More information

Trends in diagnoses of soybean foliar disease for 2015 Karen Lackermann, DuPont Pioneer

Trends in diagnoses of soybean foliar disease for 2015 Karen Lackermann, DuPont Pioneer Trends in diagnoses of soybean foliar disease for 2015 Karen Lackermann, DuPont Pioneer What is the Pioneer Plant Diagnostic Laboratory? The primary Diagnostic Lab is located in Johnston, Iowa For over

More information

Corn Growth and Development

Corn Growth and Development Corn Growth and Development Outline Stress and yield loss Growth staging Vegetative stages Reproductive stages Conclusions Stress and crop yield loss At each growth stage of corn, certain aspects of management

More information

Diagnosis of Wood Canker Causing Pathogens in Dried Plum

Diagnosis of Wood Canker Causing Pathogens in Dried Plum Diagnosis of Wood Canker Causing Pathogens in Dried Plum Themis J. Michailides David Morgan, Ryan Puckett, and Daniel Felts University of California, Davis Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center

More information

Bacterial stem canker

Bacterial stem canker Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 10 (Second Edition 2009) Bacterial stem canker M. Dick (Revised by M.A. Dick) Causal organism Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902 Fig. 1 - Large resinous

More information

PLANT August 1997 DISEASE

PLANT August 1997 DISEASE report on RPD No. 509 PLANT August 1997 DISEASE DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN POD AND STEM BLIGHT, STEM CANKER, AND PHOMOPSIS SEED DECAY OF SOYBEANS Pod and stem

More information

7.22b Celery stalkworm; larva; actual size 25 mm. 8.1a Bacterial leaf spot (peppery leaf spot); lesions on Brussels sprouts.

7.22b Celery stalkworm; larva; actual size 25 mm. 8.1a Bacterial leaf spot (peppery leaf spot); lesions on Brussels sprouts. 7.22b Celery stalkworm; larva; actual size 25 mm. 8.1a Bacterial leaf spot (peppery leaf spot); lesions on Brussels sprouts. 8.1b Bacterial leaf spot (peppery leaf spot); lesions on a cauliflower leaf.

More information

Current research status and strategic challenges on the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus in Uganda

Current research status and strategic challenges on the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus in Uganda Current research status and strategic challenges on the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus in Uganda Dr. Godfrey Kagezi (PhD) Senior Research Officer/Plant Entomologst National Coffee Research

More information

Fruit develops from the ovary wall (pericarp) or accessory tissue, surrounds and protects the seeds, and aids in seed dispersal.

Fruit develops from the ovary wall (pericarp) or accessory tissue, surrounds and protects the seeds, and aids in seed dispersal. Fruit develops from the ovary wall (pericarp) or accessory tissue, surrounds and protects the seeds, and aids in seed dispersal. Seed dispersal syndromes: characteristics of the fruit ex. anemochory FRUIT

More information

WATERMELON WAIVER FORMS

WATERMELON WAIVER FORMS WATERMELON WAIVER FORMS Stokes Seeds and its suppliers require a signed waiver on watermelon seed orders. Please follow the instructions below to ensure the process is completed correctly. Instructions:

More information

2013 Safflower Irrigation Research Results

2013 Safflower Irrigation Research Results 2013 Safflower Irrigation Research Results Presentation by L. Niel Allen Extension Irrigation Specialist Earl Creech, Clark Israelsen, Mike Pace Students Holly Kent and Phillip Castro Logan, Utah February

More information

Janice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa

Janice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Janice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Phytophthora species Some of the most destructive pathogens The genus has a very wide host range;

More information

Peach and Nectarine Cork Spot: A Review of the 1998 Season

Peach and Nectarine Cork Spot: A Review of the 1998 Season Peach and Nectarine Cork Spot: A Review of the 1998 Season Kevin R. Day Tree Fruit Farm Advisor Tulare County University of California Cooperative Extension Along with many other problems, fruit corking

More information

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 543/2011 of 7 June 2011 EXCERPT: ANNEX I, PART B, PART 9 MARKETING STANDARD FOR TABLE GRAPES

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 543/2011 of 7 June 2011 EXCERPT: ANNEX I, PART B, PART 9 MARKETING STANDARD FOR TABLE GRAPES COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) No 543/2011 of 7 June 2011 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 in respect of the fruit and vegetables and processed

More information

Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape

Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape October 2016 Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape Summary of AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds fungicide project 2010-2014 (RD-2007-3457) and 2015-2016 (214-0006) While the Agriculture and Horticulture

More information

Lecture 4. Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic. Fruit maturity. Temperature.

Lecture 4. Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic. Fruit maturity. Temperature. Lecture 4. Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic. Physiological factors relate to fruit maturity or environmental factors, which affect the metabolism of fruit and banana.

More information

Economic and Social Council

Economic and Social Council UNITED NATIONS E Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL TRADE/WP.7/GE.2/2005/14 5 April 2005 ORIGINAL : ENGLISH ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE COMMITTEE FOR TRADE, INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT

More information

ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS

ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS These product specifications for of precision seeds, varietal purity of precision seeds and seed health requirements are based upon ESA recommended

More information

Workshop on International Trade of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: The role of Standards and Quality Inspection systems

Workshop on International Trade of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: The role of Standards and Quality Inspection systems Workshop on International Trade of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables: The role of Standards and Quality Inspection systems 20-21 November 2017 Bangkok, Thailand Watermelons OECD explanatory brochure I. Definition

More information

Threats From Beyond Our Borders: Exotic Diseases and Pests in Citrus

Threats From Beyond Our Borders: Exotic Diseases and Pests in Citrus Threats From Beyond Our Borders: Exotic Diseases and Pests in Citrus MaryLou Polek, Plant Pathologist Vice President Science & Technology Citrus Research Board Disease: The Malfunctioning of Cells & Tissues

More information

European Seed Association ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS

European Seed Association ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS These product specifications for of precision seeds, varietal purity of precision seeds and seed health requirements are based upon ESA recommended

More information

Nectria flute canker

Nectria flute canker Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 23 (Second Edition 2009) Nectria flute canker M.A. Dick (Revised by A.J.M Hopkins and M.A. Dick) Causal organism Neonectria fuckeliana (C. Booth) Castlebury & Rossman

More information

Organic viticulture research in Pennsylvania. Jim Travis, Bryan Hed, and Noemi Halbrendt Department of Plant Pathology Penn State University

Organic viticulture research in Pennsylvania. Jim Travis, Bryan Hed, and Noemi Halbrendt Department of Plant Pathology Penn State University Organic viticulture research in Pennsylvania Jim Travis, Bryan Hed, and Noemi Halbrendt Department of Plant Pathology Penn State University Organic production in the US; 1 st national certified organic

More information

Problems affecting seeds and seedlings

Problems affecting seeds and seedlings Sunflower XIV-14 Key to Field Problems Affecting Sunflowers Frank B. Peairs Problems affecting seeds and seedlings Plants missing or cut at base. Chewing injury may be present on leaves. Damage usually

More information

Post harvest diseases in Apple, Mango, Banana Citrus, Grapes and Papaya

Post harvest diseases in Apple, Mango, Banana Citrus, Grapes and Papaya Post harvest diseases in Apple, Mango, Banana Citrus, Grapes and Papaya Post Harvest diseases of Apple 1. Apple scab : Venturia inaequalis 2. Bitter rot : Glomerella cingulata 3. Blue mould / Green mould

More information

Bacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western Nebraska

Bacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center Agricultural Research Division of IANR 2011 Bacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western

More information

AN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES. Alan Windham Professor, Plant Pathology UT Extension

AN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES. Alan Windham Professor, Plant Pathology UT Extension AN INTRODUCTION TO PLANT DISEASES Alan Windham Professor, Plant Pathology UT Extension PLANT PATHOLOGY, AN INTRODUCTION Introductory plant pathology is often taught as an undergraduate course at an university

More information

Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables NEW UNECE STANDARDS. Tubercle Vegetables

Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables NEW UNECE STANDARDS. Tubercle Vegetables ECE/TRADE/C/WP.7/GE.1/2009/INF.21 Specialized Section on Standardization of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables Fifty-fifth session Geneva, 4-8 May 2009 Item 6(i) of the provisional agenda NEW UNECE STANDARDS Tubercle

More information

Recognizing and Managing Blueberry Diseases

Recognizing and Managing Blueberry Diseases Recognizing and Managing Blueberry Diseases 2016 Mississippi Blueberry Education Workshop Hattiesburg, Mississippi January 14, 2016 Rebecca A. Melanson, Extension Plant Pathologist Central MS Research

More information

Downy Mildew Confirmed in Ohio Cucumbers

Downy Mildew Confirmed in Ohio Cucumbers VegNet Vol. 13, No. 10. July 6, 2006 Ohio State University Extension Vegetable Crops On the WEB at: http://vegnet.osu.edu If experiencing problems receiving this fax, Call 614-292-3857 In This Issue 1.

More information

Pomegranate Diseases: What do we know and where are we heading? Achala KC and Gary Vallad FPA Grower s Meeting Wimauma, FL 03/04/2016

Pomegranate Diseases: What do we know and where are we heading? Achala KC and Gary Vallad FPA Grower s Meeting Wimauma, FL 03/04/2016 Pomegranate Diseases: What do we know and where are we heading? Achala KC and Gary Vallad FPA Grower s Meeting Wimauma, FL 03/04/2016 Contents Major diseases of pomegranate in Florida Anthracnose (Colletotrichum

More information

Nut rots of chestnut: a significant problem

Nut rots of chestnut: a significant problem Nut rots of chestnut: a significant problem Danti R., Turchetti T. CNR - Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection 1 World production of chestnut fruits in 2010 Volumes expressed in tons (source FAOSTAT)

More information

Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape

Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape October 2014 Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape Summary of HGCA fungicide project 2010 2014 (RD-2007-3457) While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, operating through its

More information

ACCREDITED VS NON-ACCREDITED INDIVIDUALS

ACCREDITED VS NON-ACCREDITED INDIVIDUALS ACCREDITED VS NON-ACCREDITED INDIVIDUALS 7.35% Accredited Non-Accredited 92.65% BREAKDOWN OF ACCREDITED INDIVIDUALS 2.42% 6.45% 3.23% 9.68% 7.26% CSAAC CSA CVT RST RST/CSAAC RST/CSA 70.97% ACCREDITED

More information

Unit B: Plant Anatomy. Lesson 5: Understanding Seed Anatomy

Unit B: Plant Anatomy. Lesson 5: Understanding Seed Anatomy Unit B: Plant Anatomy Lesson 5: Understanding Seed Anatomy 1 Burs Cotyledon Embryo Epicotyl (plumule) Hypocotyl Radicle Seed Seed coat Vocabulary 2 What Are the Major Parts of a Seed & Where Are They Located?

More information

ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS

ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS ESA PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS FOR VEGETABLE PRECISION SEEDS These product specifications for germination of precision seeds, varietal purity of precision seeds and seed health requirements are based upon

More information

Non Botrytis Bunch Rot

Non Botrytis Bunch Rot Non Botrytis Bunch Rot Questions and answers 21 December 2010 c c wrdc GRAPE AND WINE RESEARCH AND D EVELOPMENT CORPORA TION Identifying the disease Bunch rots on grapevines can be caused by a range of

More information

Why Tetrazolium Chloride Does Not Enter Intact Seeds (of most species) During Imbibition?

Why Tetrazolium Chloride Does Not Enter Intact Seeds (of most species) During Imbibition? Why Tetrazolium Chloride Does Not Enter Intact Seeds (of most species) During Imbibition? 30 th ISTA Conference, June 14, 2013 Antalya, Turkey Dr. Alan Taylor and Sarah Pollicove Cornell University, NYSAES

More information

What went wrong. Pepper Sunscald. In this issue, find out what might have gone wrong with your vegetable harvest this season.

What went wrong. Pepper Sunscald. In this issue, find out what might have gone wrong with your vegetable harvest this season. What went wrong In this issue, find out what might have gone wrong with your vegetable harvest this season. Problems include: Sunscald on Peppers Rotting Pumpkins Wormy Sweetcorn Tomatoes with Blossom

More information

Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 3 May 2010 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI

Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 3 May 2010 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI Vineyard IPM Scouting Report for week of 3 May 2010 UW-Extension Door County and Peninsular Agricultural Research Station Sturgeon Bay, WI What is the potential yield of grapes after a destructive spring

More information

Plants in the Apiaceae (parsley family)

Plants in the Apiaceae (parsley family) May/June 2012 In This Issue: Foliar Diseases of Apiaceae Crops in Coastal California FOLIAR DISEASES OF APIACEAE CROPS IN COASTAL CALIFORNIA Carolee Bull, USDA-ARS, Salinas Steven Koike, UC Cooperative

More information

Get serious about your approach to Botrytis management

Get serious about your approach to Botrytis management Australia Get serious about your approach to Botrytis management 21.11.2017 Botrytis is an opportunistic pathogen which can develop on damaged tissue, such as that caused by Light Brown Apple Moth or LBAM

More information

Specialized Section on Standardization of Dry and Dried Produce REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS INSHELL WALNUTS

Specialized Section on Standardization of Dry and Dried Produce REVISION OF UNECE STANDARDS INSHELL WALNUTS INFORMAL DOCUMENT NO. 4 (ENGLISH) 13 June 2008 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE COMMITTEE ON TRADE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards Specialized Section on Standardization of Dry and Dried

More information

Berry Group Protection Solutions

Berry Group Protection Solutions BERRY GUIDE Berry Potato Group Protection Solutions Early - Late Green Tip Bud Swell - Bud Break Early Pink Bud Full Bloom Petal Fall Green Fruit 75% Blue Poast Ultra Herbicide Kumulus Cantus Nematac C

More information

Your headline here in Calibri.

Your headline here in Calibri. Bunch Rot Disease Management Your headline here in Calibri. Larry Bettiga Viticulture Advisor Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties Simple text is best. Don t read from your slides. Grapevine Disease

More information

II. PROVISIONS CONCERNING QUALITY The purpose of the standard is to define the quality requirements for kiwifruit, after preparation and packaging.

II. PROVISIONS CONCERNING QUALITY The purpose of the standard is to define the quality requirements for kiwifruit, after preparation and packaging. ANNEX I to Commission Implementing Regulation (EC) No 543/2011 of 7 June 2011 laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 1234/2007 in respect of the fruit and vegetables

More information

Disease management update for muscadines in the Southeast

Disease management update for muscadines in the Southeast Disease management update for muscadines in the Southeast Phillip M. Brannen Extension Plant Pathologist -- Fruits Plant Pathology Department University of Georgia Primary Southeastern Muscadine Diseases

More information

A Prototype for Studying Seed Disease

A Prototype for Studying Seed Disease J. B. Slnclalr University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Phomopsis Seed Decay of Soybeans- A Prototype for Studying Seed Disease Every population of soybean I Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seeds potentially

More information

MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING A NEW SEED ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY?

MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING A NEW SEED ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY? MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING A NEW SEED ANALYSIS TECHNOLOGY? UNIVERSITY OUTLINE Multispectral imaging Seed health Seed germination Seed purity Conclusions MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING ultraviolet (UV) near-infrared

More information

Technological Advice for the Intensive Production of Rijk Zwaan Gherkin Varieties

Technological Advice for the Intensive Production of Rijk Zwaan Gherkin Varieties Technological Advice for the Intensive Production of Rijk Zwaan Gherkin Varieties Rijk Zwaan gherkin varieties are playing a leading role on the European market. This is brought about by the fact that

More information

STEM-END ROTS : INFECTION OF RIPENING FRUIT

STEM-END ROTS : INFECTION OF RIPENING FRUIT 1 STEM-END ROTS : INFECTION OF RIPENING FRUIT K.R. EVERETT The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd. Private Bag 919, Mt Albert, Auckland ABSTRACT Fruit from an unsprayed orchard

More information

Plane Tree Anthracnose (Gnomonia Veneta)

Plane Tree Anthracnose (Gnomonia Veneta) Plane Tree Anthracnose (Gnomonia Veneta) Symptoms Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects Platanus species worldwide, it causes foliar and twig damage in early and mid season. The disease alters twig

More information

UNECE STANDARD FFV-35 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of STRAWBERRIES 2017 EDITION

UNECE STANDARD FFV-35 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of STRAWBERRIES 2017 EDITION UNECE STANDARD FFV-35 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of STRAWBERRIES 2017 EDITION UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2017 NOTE Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards

More information

ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1

ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 California Avocado Society 1956 Yearbook 40: 156-164 ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 J. M. Wallace and R. J. Drake J. M. Wallace Is Pathologist and R. J. Drake is Principle Laboratory

More information

bag handling Poor technology High Technology Bulk handling mechanized

bag handling Poor technology High Technology Bulk handling mechanized Quality of Carioca bean seeds under different storage conditions V. Schoeninger 1, N. V. Prado 1, P. V. Pramiu 2, Silvia Renata Machado Coelho (presenting author) Students, Graduate Program in Agricultural

More information

.. Acknowledgment _----_---~

.. Acknowledgment _----_---~ 4-H-209-W Contents The Soybean Project,.,,. ~ - ~ ~ ~..-.'. e ' - ~ :' 3 The Soybean Described -,.- -.-..., ~- :-..-..- 4 Selecting a Soybean -Variety-. - -'. ' - :.:..- -..,'-. 9 Planting the Soybean

More information

GUIDE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT DISEASES IN STRAWBERRY IN CALIFORNIA

GUIDE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT DISEASES IN STRAWBERRY IN CALIFORNIA GUIDE FOR IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT DISEASES IN STRAWBERRY IN CALIFORNIA Anthracnose Angular Leaf Spot Leaf Blotch and Stem-end Rot Gray Mold Powdery Mildew Phytophthora Crown Rot Verticillium Wilt W.

More information

ACCORDING to the USDA Agricultural

ACCORDING to the USDA Agricultural Growing Soybeans ACCORDING to the USDA Agricultural Statistics Service, 63.3 million acres of soybeans were harvested in the United States during 2007. The harvest resulted in 2,585,207,000 bushels. These

More information

AVOCADO FARMING. Introduction

AVOCADO FARMING. Introduction AVOCADO FARMING Introduction Avocado is an important commercial fruit in Kenya both for local and export markets. The fruit is highly nutritious - rich in proteins and cholesterol free. Both large-scale

More information

Avocado Farming. Common varieties grown in Kenya

Avocado Farming. Common varieties grown in Kenya Avocado Farming Introduction Avocado is an important commercial fruit in Kenya both for local and export markets. The fruit is highly nutritious fruit rich in proteins and cholesterol free. Both large-scale

More information

Grape. Disease Control

Grape. Disease Control Grape Disease Control TM Fungicide for Grape Disease Control fungicide is a mixture of two complementary active ingredients that provide excellent protection against Botrytis bunch rot and sour rot on

More information

Management and research of fruit rot diseases in vineyards

Management and research of fruit rot diseases in vineyards Management and research of fruit rot diseases in vineyards Bryan Hed, Henry Ngugi, and Noemi Halbrendt Department of Plant Pathology Penn State University Botrytis Bunch rot Late season condition, ripening.

More information

S No Particulars Picture Remarks 1 Bean Seedling showing primary Leaves- Vegetative phase.

S No Particulars Picture Remarks 1 Bean Seedling showing primary Leaves- Vegetative phase. S No Particulars Picture Remarks 1 Bean Seedling showing primary Leaves- Vegetative phase. 2 Flower and developing pod of bean reproductive phase. 3 Young bean plant showing trifoliolate vegetative 4 Pod

More information

CODEX STANDARD FOR RICE CODEX STAN

CODEX STANDARD FOR RICE CODEX STAN CODEX STAN 198 Page 1 of 10 CODEX STANDARD FOR RICE CODEX STAN 198-1995 The Annex to this standard contains provisions which are not intended to be applied within the meaning of the acceptance provisions

More information

Managing Tree Diseases in a Changing Climate. Michelle Grabowski

Managing Tree Diseases in a Changing Climate. Michelle Grabowski Managing Tree Diseases in a Changing Climate Michelle Grabowski Recent Climate trends in Minnesota Temperature: Warmer winters Higher minimum temperatures Longer growing season. ~2 weeks longer since 1950.

More information

The important points to note are: Firmometer value. Days after treatment

The important points to note are: Firmometer value. Days after treatment Avocado Growers Manual Postharvesting Handling If the fruit are held at 3 to 4 C once sprung, shelf life should not be affected. Care must be taken not to remove sprung fruit to a high temperature as this

More information

Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:

Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax: Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551 Lesson 7, Harvest, Handling, Packing Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID 83210 Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311 Email: slove@uidaho.edu

More information

Citrus. Disease Guide. The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas Citrus. Citrus. Flash Cards. S. McBride, R. French, G. Schuster and K.

Citrus. Disease Guide. The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas Citrus. Citrus. Flash Cards. S. McBride, R. French, G. Schuster and K. E-265 1/12 Citrus Flash Cards S. McBride, R. French, G. Schuster and K. Ong Citrus Disease Guide The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas Citrus The Quick ID Guide to Emerging Diseases of Texas

More information

Topics to be covered: What Causes Fruit to Rot? Powdery Mildew. Black Rot. Black Rot (Continued)

Topics to be covered: What Causes Fruit to Rot? Powdery Mildew. Black Rot. Black Rot (Continued) Topics to be covered: Spots, Rots and Where did the grapes go? Identification and Control of Muscadine Diseases Bill Cline, Plant Pathology Department North Carolina State University Horticultural Crops

More information

Cedar-quince rust on juniper- Gymnosporangium clavipes

Cedar-quince rust on juniper- Gymnosporangium clavipes This bulletin from the Cooperative Extension Plant Health Clinic (Plant Disease Clinic) is an electronic update about diseases and other problems observed in our lab each month. Input from everybody interested

More information

Crop Reports by Ron Becker, Hal Kneen and Brad

Crop Reports by Ron Becker, Hal Kneen and Brad VegNet Vol. 13, No. 16. August 17, 2006 Ohio State University Extension Vegetable Crops On the WEB at: http://vegnet.osu.edu If experiencing problems receiving this fax, Call 614-292-3857 In This Issue

More information

The New EU Rules on Articles Treated with Biocidal Products. Cándido García Molyneux European Food Law Conference 2014 ERA, Trier May 5, 2014

The New EU Rules on Articles Treated with Biocidal Products. Cándido García Molyneux European Food Law Conference 2014 ERA, Trier May 5, 2014 The New EU Rules on Articles Treated with Biocidal Products Cándido García Molyneux European Food Law Conference 2014 ERA, Trier May 5, 2014 Outline 1. The Biocidal Products Regulation 2. New Rules for

More information

NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT:

NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT: NOTE BY THE SECRETARIAT: This text is based on document TRADE/WP.7/GE.2/2003/15/Add.1. It includes the changes adopted at the 59 th session of the Working Party. UNECE STANDARD DDP-06 concerning the marketing

More information

Legume ipmpipe Diagnostic Pocket Series Angular Leaf Spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola

Legume ipmpipe Diagnostic Pocket Series Angular Leaf Spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola Angular Leaf Spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Angular Leaf Spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola AUTHOR: H.F. Schwartz (Colorado State University) PHOTOGRAPHS: Courtesy of H.F. Schwartz

More information

Post-Harvest-Multiple Choice Questions

Post-Harvest-Multiple Choice Questions Post-Harvest-Multiple Choice Questions 1. Chilling injuries arising from the exposure of the products to a temperature a. above the normal physiological range b. below the normal physiological range c.under

More information

PROPOSED DRAFT STANDARD FOR AUBERGINES (At Step 5/8)

PROPOSED DRAFT STANDARD FOR AUBERGINES (At Step 5/8) E REP16/FFV APPENDIX III PROPOSED DRAFT STANDARD FOR AUBERGINES (At Step 5/8) JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION 39 th Session Rome, Italy, 27 June 01 July 2016 REPORT

More information

25.1 Bacterial canker; wilted plants; see also 18.1a-c Bacterial stem rot; petiole and leaf symptoms.

25.1 Bacterial canker; wilted plants; see also 18.1a-c Bacterial stem rot; petiole and leaf symptoms. 25.1 Bacterial canker; wilted plants; see also 18.1a-c. 25.3 Bacterial stem rot; petiole and leaf symptoms. 25.4a Pith necrosis; plant, showing chlorosis and wilt. 25.4b Pith necrosis; brown lesion on

More information

HEAT TREATING SEEDS FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT

HEAT TREATING SEEDS FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT HEAT TREATING SEEDS FOR DISEASE MANAGEMENT Meg Tuttle McGrath Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Sciences Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section Long Island Horticultural Research

More information

The Pomology Post. Hull Rot Management on Almonds. by Brent Holtz, Ph.D., University of California Pomology Advisor

The Pomology Post. Hull Rot Management on Almonds. by Brent Holtz, Ph.D., University of California Pomology Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension The Pomology Post Madera County Volume 54, JUNE 2007 Hull Rot Management on Almonds by Brent Holtz, Ph.D., University of California Pomology Advisor Many

More information

Peanut disease photos

Peanut disease photos NC STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Plant Pathology Peanut disease photos Disease page Disease page Aspergillus crown rot 2 Web blotch 17 Spotted wilt 3-4 Root-knot nematodes 18 Leaf spots 5-7 Rhizoctonia

More information

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Information and photographs in this publica tion were contributed by Extension Service and Experiment Station plant pathologists and n

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Information and photographs in this publica tion were contributed by Extension Service and Experiment Station plant pathologists and n ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Information and photographs in this publica tion were contributed by Extension Service and Experiment Station plant pathologists and nematologists who are active in the Southern Soybean

More information

Leaf vegetables (forming heads) Feller et al., 1995 a

Leaf vegetables (forming heads) Feller et al., 1995 a Leaf vegetables (forming heads) Feller et al., 1995 a of leaf vegetables (forming heads) (cabbage = Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. alba and rubra, chinese cabbage = Brassica chinensis L., lettuce

More information