Incidence of bacterial wilt disease in West Bengal, India
|
|
- Jane Foster
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research 2(6): , June 2014 DOI: ISSN: Academia Publishing Research Paper Incidence of bacterial wilt disease in West Bengal, India Accepted 14 th April, 2014 ABSTRACT Bholanath Mondal 1 *, Indrabrata Bhattacharya 2 And Dinesh Chandra Khatua 2 1 Department of Plant Protection, Palli- Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan , West Bengal, India. 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur , West Bengal, India. Corresponding author: bholanath.ppvb@gmail.com Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is widespread in West Bengal (India). Surveys were conducted throughout West Bengal during and incidence of some economically important crop plants namely; brinjal, tomato, potato, chilli, marigold, ginger, banana, elephant foot yam, Jute, tobacco, water melon, bottle gourd, large cardamom, hasnuhana, bougainvillea and twelve wild plants namely; Amaranthus spinosus L., Amaranthus viridis L., Croton sparsiflorus Mor., Pennisetum purpurium Schum., Malachra capitata L., Cestrum diurnum L., Datura metel L., Solanum indicum L., Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Physalis minima L., Melochia corchorifolia L. and Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. were recorded from diverse location of West Bengal with medium to high disease intensity. During survey, bacterial wilt disease was confirmed by ooze test in the field and biochemical tests in the laboratory in every case. A sharp relationship was observed between disease intensity and different meteorological factors during the experimental period. Crop plants transplanted during summer months were found infected more with this disease than those transplanted in the relatively cooler part of the year. In most of the cases, wilting process of wild plants started from the month of March (Av. Tmax. 32 C and Tmin. 20 C) when temperature gradually rises. The maximum wilt intensity was recorded during August-September (Av. Tmax. 30 C and Tmin. 26 C) and death of such plants ceased at the end of October (Av. Tmax.29 C and Tmin. 22 C) or first week of November (Av. Tmax. 29 C and Tmin. 19 C). The active inoculums from wild hosts during August-September could easily be transported to nearby crop fields by rain and irrigation water run-off. Key word: Bacterial wilt, host range, Ralstonia solanacearum, seasonal incidence. INTRODUCTION Bacterial wilt incited by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease distributed all over the world including tropical, subtropical and temperate regions (Hayward, 1991). This disease attacks over 450 plant species (Daughtrey et al., 1995). Several researchers reported the occurrence of this devastating disease from India as well as West Bengal (Das and Chattopadhyay, 1955; Mukherjee and Chattopadhyay, 1955; Chattopadhyay and Mukherjee, 1968; Sharma and Mukherjee, 1970; Chaudhuri and Khatua, 1982; Chatterjeeet et al., 1997 Samaddar et al., 1998, Mondal, 2003; Mondal el al., 2004b). The target control measure has been limited due to its broad distribution, vascular nature, wide host range, great variability and ability to survive in soil and water (Haywads, 1991). Wide host range of the pathogen also increased the survival potential of the pathogen. The survival of the pathogen in wild hosts may be one of the reasons for the devastating nature of the disease. During last three decade, situation in agriculture has been changed to a great extent. This change is obviously related to climate change as well as crop diversification, higher cropping intensity, varietal replacement, manuring, intensive fertilizers and pesticides use in
2 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 140 Figure 1. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of brinjal. Figure 2. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato. the dynamic agricultural system. To understand the disease scenario in West Bengal in these perspective present studies were undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS During , surveys were carried out in different parts of West Bengal employing multistage stratified random sampling. Incidence of both crop and wild plants were recorded. Percentage disease incidence was calculated during cropping season involving all the plants in a particular affected field. While, incidence of the disease on wild hosts in and around the crop fields, ridges of the field, road side, barren lands, fallow lands and in and around the fruit orchard and vegetable field were recorded in every month to be acquainted with the year round incidence of bacterial wilt disease. Bacterial nature of the disease was authenticated by ooze test, isolation in modified selective medium (Chatterjee, 1996), through morphological and bio-chemical studies and cross inoculation study by stem injection and root inoculation method (Kelman, 1953; Kelman, 1954; Hayward, 1964; Palleroni, 1984, Mondal et al., 2012). Different weather variables were collected to correlate with the disease incidence. RESULTS Incidence of bacterial wilt was recorded from diverse location of West Bengal with medium to high disease intensity. Fifteen cultivated plants namely; brinjal, tomato, potato, chilli, marigold, ginger, banana, elephant foot yam, Jute, tobacco, water melon, bottle gourd, large cardamom, hasnuhana, bougainvillea, and twelve wild plants from seven different families namely; Amaranthus spinosus L. (Amaranthaceae), Amaranthus viridis L. (Amaranthaceae), Croton sparsiflorus Mor. (Euphorbiaceae), Pennisetum purpurium Schum. (Graminae), Malachra capitata L. (Malvaceae), Cestrum diurnum L. (Solanaceae), Datura metel L. (Solanaceae), Solanum indicum L. (Solanaceae), Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae), Physalis minima L. (Solanaceae), Melochia corchorifolia L. (Sterculiaceae) and Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm. (Zingiberaceae) were recorded during the present investigation. Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplanted during summer months were more liable to be infected with this disease than those transplanted in the relatively cooler part of the year. Wilting was generally observed in the reproductive stages of the crop growth. The maximum disease intensity was recorded during August October in brinjal (Figure 1) and January February in tomato (Figure 2). Bacterial wilt of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was observed in the early growth or during tuberization and continued up to crop maturity. The disease was recorded during November - February (Figure 3). Intensity of the disease nearly went up to 50% leading to heavy crop loss. Wilting was recorded during November - March in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) (Figure 4). Both total and partial wilting was observed except potato where only total wilting recorded and found
3 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 141 Figure 3. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of potato. Figure 4. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of chilli. Figure 5. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of marigold. comparatively less affected to this disease among all the infected cultivated solanaceous vegetables. Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is grown in some pockets of West Bengal as a commercial ornamental crop. This crop suffers severely from bacterial wilt after rainy season particularly in pre-winter season (Figure 5) when the temperature is considerably high. Bacterial wilt of both cultivated and wild elephant foot yam (Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume; Syn.: A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson) was observed from different places of West Bengal. The crop has been found infected during July - October (Figure 7). Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a commercial crop in hill region of Darjeeling district. Presently it is cultivated in the plains of West Bengal. The disease initiated from July and continued up to November with a pick of August September in plain of West Bengal (Figure 6). During survey, some other crops have also been found to be infected with this bacterium. These were, jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), triploid banana (Musa paradisiaca L.), tobacco (Nicotiana rustica L. and Nicotiana tabacum L.), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.), large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.), hasnuhana (Cestrum nocturnum L.) and paper flower (Bougainvillea glabra Choisy). Trend of infection Ralstonia solanacearum on Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus viridis, S. sisymbriifolium, Datura metel, Physalis minima and C. sparsiflorus were more or less similar and the bacterial pathogen survive in these hosts almost throughout the year that are presented in Figures 8, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 16 respectively. C. speciosus are grown
4 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 142 Figure 6. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of ginger. Figure 7. Seasonal incidence of bacterial wilt of elephant foot yam. Figure 8. Year round survivality Ralstonia solanacearum on Amaranthus spinosus. respectively as ornamental plant and medicinal plants in some localities. R. solanacearum survive in C. speciosus (Figure 10) and Cestrum diurnum (Figure 12) throughout the season in latent or infectious form. But the weeds in which the R. solanacearum can survive during June to November are Melochia corchorifolia, S. indicum, Malachra capitata and P. purpurium (Figure 14, 17, 18 and 19 respectively). At Chakdah, Nadia, farmers when started growing brinjal and elephant foot yam after destruction of mango orchard, more than 80% of brinjal and 40% of elephant foot yam showed wilting symptoms. After thorough investigation it was noted that there were so many weeds namely, C. diurnum, A. spinosus, A. viridis, P. minima and C. speciosus present in and around the field. C. speciosus was present in earlier mango orchard too. On cross inoculation study by stem injection and root inoculation method (Kelman, 1953, Mondal et al., 2012), isolates of R. solanacearum from brinjal, tomato, potato, chilli, marigold and isolates of that from nine different wild plants, namely; C. sparsiflorus, C. diurnum, S. indicum, S. sisymbriifolium, P. minima, D. metel, A. spinosus, A. viridis and M. corchorifolia were found pathogenic on tomato and brinjal, Isolate from C. diurnum were highly virulent and developed symptoms rapidly on brinjal and tomato. But the isolates from ginger, elephant foot yam and C. speciosus showed host specificity. R. solanacearum isolates from ginger, elephant foot yam and C. speciosus were found pathogenic on ginger in artificial inoculation. In most of the weeds wilting process started from the month of March (Av. Tmax. 32 C and Tmin. 20 C) when temperature gradually rises. The maximum wilt intensity
5 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 143 Figure 9. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on A. viridis. Figure 10. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Costus speciosus. Figure 11. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Solanum sysimbriifolium. Figure 12. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Cestrum diurnum.
6 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 144 Figure 13. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Datura metel. Figure 14. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Melochia corchorifolia. Figure 15. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Physalis minima. Figure 16. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Croton spersiflorus.
7 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 145 Figure 17. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Solanum indicum. Figure 18. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Malachra capitata. Figure 19. Year round survivality R. solanacearum on Pennisetum purpurium. was recorded during August-September (Av. Tmax. 30 C and Tmin. 26 C) and death of such plants ceased at the end of October (Av. Tmax.29 C and Tmin. 22 C) or first week of November (Av. Tmax. 29 C and Tmin. 19 C). DISCUSSION Incidence of the disease in wide variety of crops in addition to weeds and its occurrence throughout the year posed an alarming situation in West Bengal. Natural infection of such widely grown common wild plants helped to increased survival potential of the bacterium as well as for inoculum build up (Huang and Lakshman, 2010; Haywad, 1991). The active inoculum from weed hosts during August-September could easily be transported to nearby fields by rain water to the nearby vegetable fields. Wild plants thus appeared to play an important role in widespread occurrence of bacterial wilt of cultivated vegetable crops in West Bengal (Haywards, 1991). These hosts can also harbour the pathogen in off-season, and also served as collateral hosts of the pathogen. De-suckering helped in rapid spread of the disease in banana orchard. In potato and ginger, bacterial wilt pathogen introduced in the field mostly through seed tuber and rhizomes respectively (Mondal et al., 2004a). High incidence of bacterial wilt was noted earlier when susceptible crop was grown first time in a field (Kelman, 1953). In the present study brinjal and elephant foot yam
8 Academia Journal of Agricultural Research; Mondal et al. 146 was severely infected when these crop were grown after clearing of mango plants from the orchards. R. solanacearum isolated from majority of hosts infected tomato and brinjal indicating that the causal pathogen belongs to Race 1 (Buddenhagen et al., 1962). Race 2 of the pathogen infected triploid banana. R. solanacearum isolated from ginger, elephant foot yam and C. speciosus were found pathogenic on ginger in artificial inoculation and appeared to be Race 4 (Buddenhagen et al., 1962). Severity of this disease related with the prevailing temperature and soil moisture at the time of transplanting and sowing (Haywad, 1991). Conclusions The present study was an effort to find out the occurrence of the bacterial wilt disease round the year both in crop and wild hosts. Bacterial wilt is one of the key hindrances for vegetables production. Management of Ralstonia solanacearum has become difficult due to wide host range, vascular in nature and its occurrence throughout the year. Determination of races, weather variables for the disease development and year round survivality of the bacterium will definitely help farmers for choosing next crop to avoid the disease. Intensive study and molecular diagnosis will be needed to supplement the further knowledge. Huang Q, Lakshman DK (2010). Effect of clove oil on plant pathogenic bacteria and bacterial wilt of tomato and geranium. J.Plant. Pathol. 92 (3): Kelman A (1953). The bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. A literature review and bibliography. Tech. Bull. N. C. Agricul. Exp. Station No. 99: 194. Kelman A (1954). The relationship of pathogenicity in Pseudomonas solanacearum to colony appearance on a tetrazolium medium. Phytopathol. 44: Mondal B (2003). Management of bacterial wilt of tomato. M. Sc. Thesis submitted to the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, pp: 41-i-xv. Mondal B, Bhattacharya I, Sarkar NC, Paul A, Khatua DC (2012). Standardization of inoculation technique and screening of some brinjal and tomato lines against bacterial wilt. Res. on Crops 13 (2): (2012). Mondal B, Bhattacharya R, Khatua DC (2004a). Role of infected rhizome on incidence and severity of bacterial wilt of ginger. J. Interacad. 8(3): Mondal B, Bhattacharya R, Ranjan RK, Khatua DC (2004b). Bacterial wilt of horticultural plants in West Bengal and its chemical control. Green Tech. 6: Mukherjee K, Chattopadhyay SB (1955). Bacterial wilt of potato caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum var. asiatica in West Bengal. Proc 42nd Sci. Congress. Part III: 217(abs.). Palleroni NJ (1984). Pseudomonas solanacearum. In: Bergey s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. (Eds. Krieg, N. R. and Holt, J. G.). 9th edition, Vol. 1. Baltimore. The Williams and Wilkins Co., pp: Samaddar KR, Chakraborty M, Kanjilal S (1998). Identification of the race of Pseudomonas solanacearum causing wilt of solanaceaus vegetables in West Bengal and its survival. J. Mycopathol. Res. 36 (2): Sharma BD, Mukherjee SK (1970). A bacterial wilt of jute (Corchorus capsularis L. and C. olitorius L.) caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith. Phytopath. Z. 67: REFERENCES Buddenhagen IW, Sequeira L, Kelman A (1962). Designation of races of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Phytopathol. 52: 726. Chattapadhyay SB, Mukherjee N (1968). Outbreaks and New records. Pl Proc. Bull. FAO. 16: Chatterjee S (1996). Epidemiology and management of bacterial wilt disease in West Bengal. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, pp: 133. Chatterjee S, Mukherjee N, Khatua DC (1997). Status of Bacterial wilt Disease in West Bengal. J. Interacad. 1 (1): Chaudhuri SA, Khatua DC (1982). Two weed hosts of Pseudomonas solanacearum a possible source of the pathogen for tomto (Croton Sparsiflorus and Physalis minima). Indian J. Mycol. Pl. Pathol. 11 (2): 296. Das CR., Chattopadhyay SB (1955). Bacterial wilt of egg plant. Indian Phytopath. 8: Daughtrey ML, Wick RL, Peterson JL (1995). Compendium of Flowering Potted Plant Diseases, pp: APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA. Hayward AC (1964). Characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 27: Hayward AC (1991). Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 29: Cite this article as: Mondal B, Bhattacharya I, Khatua DC (2014). Incidence of bacterial wilt disease in West Bengal, India. Acad. J. Agric. Res. 2(6): Submit your manuscript at
Bacterial wilt of geranium and portulaca caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Japan
67 Bacterial wilt of geranium and portulaca caused by Ralstonia solanacearum in Japan Katsumi Ozaki 1 and Hiroshi Watabe 2 1 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture,
More informationMuseum Victoria CRC National Plant Biosecurity
1. PaDIL Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith 1896) Yabuuchi et al. 1996 race 2 (Bacteria: Proteobacteria: Burkholderiales: Burkholderiaceae) Common Name Moko disease of banana
More informationNovember 2016 PEST Report - THE NETHERLANDS CLOSING NOTE
November 2016 PEST Report - THE NETHERLANDS CLOSING NOTE National Plant Protection Organization POBox 9102 6700 HC Wageningen The Netherlands 1.1 Confirmation of eradication of Ralstonia solanacearum (race
More informationFruit rot of tomato caused by Gilbertella persicaria.
Fruit rot of tomato caused by Gilbertella persicaria. M. Das Mehrotra *). With Plate I II. A storage rot of tomato fruits caused by Gilbertella persicaria var. indica Mehrotra & Mehrotra, was observed
More informationEvaluation of Wilt Resistance of Wild Solanum Species through Grafting in Brinjal
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 9 (2017) pp. 3464-3469 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.425
More informationTwo New Verticillium Threats to Sunflower in North America
Two New Verticillium Threats to Sunflower in North America Thomas Gulya USDA-Agricultural Research Service Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo ND 58105 gulyat@fargo.ars.usda.gov ABSTRACT A new strain
More informationWhat Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season?
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1997. 20:88-92 What Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season? F J Kruger V E Claassens Institute for Tropical and Subtropical
More informationINDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH DIRECTORATE OF RAPESEED-MUSTARD RESEARCH, BHARATPUR, INDIA
INDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH DIRECTORATE OF RAPESEED-MUSTARD RESEARCH, BHARATPUR, INDIA Pathogenic variability of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates on Brassica differentials Pankaj Sharma ICAR-Directorate
More informationMeasurement and Study of Soil ph and Conductivity in Grape Vineyards
Measurement and Study of Soil ph and Conductivity in Grape Vineyards S. F. DHAKANE 1 1 Department of Physics, A. W. College, Otur, Tal. Junnar, Pune 412 409, Maharashtra, India e-mail: sundarrao2013@yahoo.com
More informationEffect of intercropping on plant and soil of jackfruit grown in New Alluvial soil of West Bengal
Journal of Crop and Weed, 13(1) : 55-59 (2017) Effect of intercropping on plant and soil of jackfruit grown in New Alluvial soil of West Bengal M. LAISHRAM AND S. N. GHOSH Department of Fruits and Orchard
More informationTORELANCE LEVEL OF DIFFERENT CABBAGE VARIETIES TO BLACK ROT BY: MUNENE DAVID M. A22/0081/2009 SUPERVISOR: PROF. DANIEL MUKUNYA
TORELANCE LEVEL OF DIFFERENT CABBAGE VARIETIES TO BLACK ROT BY: MUNENE DAVID M. A22/0081/2009 SUPERVISOR: PROF. DANIEL MUKUNYA Cabbage is the most valued and the most used vegetable in the world Of all
More informationRelationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados
Proc. of Second World Avocado Congress 1992 pp. 395-402 Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados S.F. du Plessis and T.J. Koen Citrus and Subtropical
More informationGeographical Distribution and Causal Agents of Chile Pepper Wilt in New Mexico
Geographical Distribution and Causal Agents of Chile Pepper Wilt in New Mexico Bulletin 789 Soum Sanogo 1 and Jared Carpenter 2 Agricultural Experiment Station College of Agriculture and Home Economics
More informationALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1
California Avocado Society 1956 Yearbook 40: 156-164 ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 J. M. Wallace and R. J. Drake J. M. Wallace Is Pathologist and R. J. Drake is Principle Laboratory
More informationFlowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta
Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Chantalak Tiyayon and Bernadine Strik Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Email:
More informationRegression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran
Regression Models for Saffron ields in Iran Sanaeinejad, S.H., Hosseini, S.N 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran sanaei_h@yahoo.co.uk, nasir_nbm@yahoo.com, Abstract: Saffron
More informationNEW ZEALAND AVOCADO FRUIT QUALITY: THE IMPACT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND MATURITY
Proceedings V World Avocado Congress (Actas V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate) 23. pp. 647-62. NEW ZEALAND AVOCADO FRUIT QUALITY: THE IMPACT OF STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND MATURITY J. Dixon 1, H.A. Pak, D.B.
More informationIMPACT OF RAINFALL PRIOR TO HARVEST ON RIPE FRUIT QUALITY OF HASS AVOCADOS IN NEW ZEALAND
Proceedings V World Avocado Congress (Actas V Congreso Mundial del Aguacate) 2003. pp. 629-634. IMPACT OF RAINFALL PRIOR TO HARVEST ON RIPE FRUIT QUALITY OF HASS AVOCADOS IN NEW ZEALAND H.A. Pak 1, J.
More informationComparison of Sclerotinia rot incidence and sclerotial formation in different rapeseed-mustard species
Comparison of Sclerotinia rot incidence and sclerotial formation in different rapeseed-mustard species A. S. Rathi 1, Dhiraj Singh 2 1 Oilseeds Section, Department of Plant Breeding, CCS, Haryana Agricultural
More informationPsa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards an observation by Callum Kay, 4 April 2011
Psa and Italian Kiwifruit Orchards, 2011 The Psa-research programme in New Zealand draws on knowledge and experience gained from around the world particularly in Italy, where ZESPRI, Plant & Food Research
More informationPost harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut
Internationl Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics Volume 3 Issue 1 March, 2012 115-119 Research Paper Post harvest management practice in disposal of cashewnut See end of the paper
More informationVolume XVI, Number 15 4 November Litchi tomato is expected not to be a significant inoculum source for V. dahliae and Colletotrichum coccodes.
Research & Extension for the Potato Industry of Idaho, Oregon, & Washington Andrew Jensen, Editor. ajensen@potatoes.com; 509-760-4859 www.nwpotatoresearch.com Volume XVI, Number 15 4 November 2016 Litchi
More informationTHE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE
THE GROWTH OF THE CHERRY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE L WEIGHT CHANGES CORRELATED WITH WATER AVAILABILITY DURING DEVELOPMENT BY J. DANCER Department of Agriculture, Kawanda Research Station, Kampala, Uganda {Received
More informationBacterial stem canker
Forest Pathology in New Zealand No. 10 (Second Edition 2009) Bacterial stem canker M. Dick (Revised by M.A. Dick) Causal organism Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall 1902 Fig. 1 - Large resinous
More information(Definition modified from APSnet)
Development of a New Clubroot Differential Set S.E. Strelkov, T. Cao, V.P. Manolii and S.F. Hwang Clubroot Summit Edmonton, March 7, 2012 Background Multiple strains of P. brassicae are known to exist
More informationThermal Requirement and Fruit Tree Response of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.) Cultivars in a Semi-arid Region of Punjab
Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 23-28 (2015) Journal of Agricultural Physics ISSN 0973-032X http://www.agrophysics.in Research Article Thermal Requirement and Fruit Tree Response of Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk.)
More informationIncidence of post-harvest fungal pathogens in guava and banana in Allahabad
Short communication Incidence of post-harvest fungal pathogens in guava and banana in Allahabad Renu Srivastava and Abhilasha A. Lal Department of Plant Protection Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed
More informationBacterial canker of sweet cherry in Oregon Disease symptoms, cycle, and management
E M 9 0 0 7 - M M a y 2 0 1 0 Bacterial canker of sweet cherry in Oregon Disease symptoms, cycle, and management Robert A. Spotts, Jeff Olsen, Lynn Long, and Jay W. Pscheidt Contents Introduction Cause
More informationVisit to Chile to assess impacts of Psa-V, and to better coordinate research efforts
Visit to Chile to assess impacts of Psa-V, and to better coordinate research efforts In January 2014, Dave Tanner and Barry O Neil visited Chile and meet with industry leaders, government officials and
More informationMONITORING WALNUT TWIG BEETLE ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY: OCTOBER 2011-OCTOBER 2012
MONITORING WALNUT TWIG BEETLE ACTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY: OCTOBER 11-OCTOBER 12 Elizabeth J. Fichtner ABSTRACT Walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis, is the vector of thousand cankers
More informationOccurrence of Phytophthora root and collar rot disease of kiwifruit orchards in the west part of the Mazandaran Province
Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 3(8), pp. 331-335, August 2013 Available online at http:// www.scholarly-journals.com/sjas ISSN 2276-7118 2013 Scholarly-Journals Full Length Research Paper
More informationSpotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops
Spotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops Hannah Joy Burrack Department of Entomology entomology.ces.ncsu.edu facebook.com/ncsmallfruitipm @NCSmallFruitIPM Spotted wing drosophila Topics Biology
More informationSTUDIES ON THE COMMON SMUT DISEASE OF CORN
-68- Summary of STUDIES ON THE COMMON SMUT DISEASE OF CORN A Thesis Presented to the Graduate School, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University In Partial Fullfilment of the Requirements For the Degree
More informationRUST RESISTANCE IN WILD HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN
RUST RESISTANCE IN WILD HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHIC ORIGIN Dr. Tom GULYA USDA Northern Crop Science Lab, Fargo, ND 58105, USA Dr. Gary KONG, DPI, Toowoomba, Qld, Australia Mary BROTHERS
More informationFurther investigations into the rind lesion problems experienced with the Pinkerton cultivar
Further investigations into the rind lesion problems experienced with the Pinkerton cultivar FJ Kruger and SD Mhlophe Agricultural Research Council Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops Private
More informationAtanu Nanda*,Ranjit Sarkar and Sagar Mondal. Pineapple export zone, Contract farming, Socio-economic status.
Indian J. Agric. Res.., 46 (3) : 256-261, 2012 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.ar.arccjour ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS TUS OF PINEAPPLE GROWERS
More informationEffects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets
Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets F. H. PETO 1 W. G. SMITH 2 AND F. R. LOW 3 A study of 20 years results from the Canadian Sugar Factories at Raymond, Alberta, (l) 4 shows
More informationPerennial- Any plant that lives for more than 2 growing seasons. All trees and shrubs are perennials.
Chapter 5a- Fruits and Nuts of Warm Regions The textbook includes four groups: REVIEW: Life span Annual- A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season. Biennial-A plant that completes its
More informationCultivation Pattern:
Introduction: Cumin seed commonly know as Jeera (Cuminum cyminum) belongs to Apiacae family. Though Cumin is a native of Egypt, it now mostly produced in India. India is the largest producer and consumer
More informationTHE EVALUATION OF WALNUT VARIETIES FOR CALIFORNIA S CENTRAL COAST REGION 2007 HARVEST
THE EVALUATION OF WALNUT VARIETIES FOR CALIFORNIA S CENTRAL COAST REGION 2007 HARVEST William W. Coates ABSTRACT Walnut varieties sometimes have different tree and nut characteristics in the cool Central
More informationPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) a small fruit tree
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol. 3 No. 2 : 395399 (June2008) Standardization of preservation method and their combination for safe storage of pomegranate juice at room temperature Accepted : October,
More informationMARKET NEWSLETTER No 111 December 2016
On 1 January 2017 the new International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives, 2015, came into force, being the sixth International Agreement of the Organisation. This new Agreement will allow the IOC
More informationLOWER HILLS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
Agric. Sci. Digest., 31 (2) : 106-110, 2011 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.ar.arccjour ccjournals.com / indianjournals.com nals.com RESPONSE OF SUMMER SQUASH VARIETIES TO PLANTING TIME
More informationANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA
ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA Agatha POPESCU University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, 59 Marasti, District
More informationOVERSEEDING EASTERN GAMAGRASS WITH COOL-SEASON GRASSES OR GRASS- LEGUME MIXTURES. Abstract
OVERSEEDING EASTERN GAMAGRASS WITH COOL-SEASON GRASSES OR GRASS- LEGUME MIXTURES K.M. Bennett 1, M.K. Mullenix 1, J.J. Tucker 2, J.S. Angle 3, R.B. Muntifering 1, and J. Yeager 4 Abstract Overseeding Eastern
More informationVivekanandan, K. and G. D. Bandara. Forest Department, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka.
Vivekanandan, K. and G. D. Bandara. Forest Department, Rajamalwatta Road, Battaramulla, Sri Lanka. LEUCAENA SPECIES RESISTANCE TO PSYLLID (H ETERO PSYLLA CUBANA CRAWFORD) IN SRI LANKA Introduction. Giant
More informationinto Organic production of Open-pollinated seeds and Seed Extraction
A Visual Treat into Organic production of Open-pollinated seeds and Seed Extraction.com Open-pollinated varieties of vegetables,... - which are not hybrids F1 - which are not genetically modified Open-pollinated
More informationTemperature Regimes for Avocados Grown In Kwazulu-Natal
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1996. 19:113-115 Temperature Regimes for Avocados Grown In Kwazulu-Natal C.C. Mans Haffenden Groves, Private Bag X11154, Schagen 1207 ABSTRACT This was
More informationInstructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID Phone: Fax:
Vegetable Crops PLSC 451/551 Lesson 7, Harvest, Handling, Packing Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700 W Aberdeen, ID 83210 Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311 Email: slove@uidaho.edu
More informationPathogenicity of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates to tobacco and tomato cultivars
Phytopathol. Mediterr. (2000) 39, 245-250 RESEARCH PAPERS Pathogenicity of Phytophthora nicotianae isolates to tobacco and tomato cultivars KALOMIRA ELENA Benaki Phytopathological Institute, St. Delta
More informationPlant Disease and Insect Advisory
Plant Disease and Insect Advisory Entomology and Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University 127 Noble Research Center Stillwater, OK 74078 Vol. 7, No. 30 http://entoplp.okstate.edu/pddl/ July 28, 2008 Bacterial
More informationUPPER MIDWEST MARKETING AREA THE BUTTER MARKET AND BEYOND
UPPER MIDWEST MARKETING AREA THE BUTTER MARKET 1987-2000 AND BEYOND STAFF PAPER 00-01 Prepared by: Henry H. Schaefer July 2000 Federal Milk Market Administrator s Office 4570 West 77th Street Suite 210
More informationFactors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman Department of Entomology Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat-785013,
More informationSTEM-END ROTS : INFECTION OF RIPENING FRUIT
1 STEM-END ROTS : INFECTION OF RIPENING FRUIT K.R. EVERETT The Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New Zealand Ltd. Private Bag 919, Mt Albert, Auckland ABSTRACT Fruit from an unsprayed orchard
More information(v) A vegetable crop needs 90 to 100 days maturation period and it produces a potential yield of 40 to 60 tons/ha. Select the crop from the following;
[All Rights Reserved] SLIATE SRI LANKA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION (Established in the Ministry of Higher Education, vide in Act No. 29 of 1995) Higher National Diploma in Technology
More informationRepublic of the Philippines CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Talobatib, Labo, Camarines Norte
CAMAR EGE LINES NORTE STATECOL 1992 Republic of the Philippines CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Talobatib, Labo, Camarines Norte Control of Pineapple Wilt Caused
More informationPotential of Three Tropical Legumes for Rotation of Corn-Based Cropping System in Thailand
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 44 : 14-19 (21) Potential of Three Tropical Legumes for Rotation of Corn-Based Cropping System in Thailand Sukum Chotechaungmanirat ABSTRACT This study was an attempt to search
More informationGROWTH RATES OF RIPE ROT FUNGI AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
: 77-84 GROWTH RATES OF RIPE ROT FUNGI AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES T.A. Elmsly and J. Dixon Avocado Industry Council Ltd., P.O. Box 13267, Tauranga 3110 Corresponding author: tonielmsly@nzavaocado.co.nz
More informationTHE POTENTIAL FOR NEMATODE PROBLEMS IN AUSTRALIA S DEVELOPING SOYBEAN INDUSTRY. Graham Stirling
THE POTENTIAL FOR NEMATODE PROBLEMS IN AUSTRALIA S DEVELOPING SOYBEAN INDUSTRY Graham Stirling Nematodes have the potential to become serious pests of soybean AIM OF TALK Create awareness of three important
More informationResistance to Phomopsis Stem Canker in Cultivated Sunflower 2011 Field Trials
Resistance to Phomopsis Stem Canker in Cultivated Sunflower 2011 Field Trials Tom Gulya,, Sue Thompson and Mal Ryley USDA-ARS, ARS, Fargo ND DEEDI, Toowoomba, AU Acknowledgements - NSA funding Seed companies
More informationBacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western Nebraska
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center Agricultural Research Division of IANR 2011 Bacterial Wilt of Dry Beans in Western
More informationInfluence of fungicides and cultivar on development of cavity spot of carrot.
Influence of fungicides and cultivar on development of cavity spot of carrot. Mary Ruth McDonald, Kevin Vander Kooi, Michael Tesfaendrias and Catarina Saude Muck Crops Research Station, Ontario, Canada
More informationQuality of western Canadian pea beans 2011
ISSN 1920-9096 Quality of western Canadian pea beans 2011 Ning Wang Program Manager, Pulse Research Contact: Ning Wang Program Manager, Pulse Research Tel : 204 983-2154 Email: ning.wang@grainscanada.gc.ca
More informationAgriculture and Food Authority
Agriculture and Food Authority Presentation by: SOLOMON ODERA Interim Head of Sugar Directorate Agriculture and Food Authority November, 2017 KENYA SUGARCANE INDUSTRY OUTLINE 1) Introduction 2) Kenyan
More informationComparative studies of some new potato cultivars and their morphological characteristics
Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia Vol. 7(1), 121-126 (2010) Comparative studies of some new potato cultivars and their morphological characteristics J. MOHAMMADI¹*, S.A. KHASMAKHI-SABET¹, J.A. OLFATI²,
More informationResearch - Strawberry Nutrition
Research - Strawberry Nutrition The Effect of Increased Nitrogen and Potassium Levels within the Sap of Strawberry Leaf Petioles on Overall Yield and Quality of Strawberry Fruit as Affected by Justification:
More informationChris Smart. Plant Pathology and Plant- Microbe Biology Cornell University Geneva, NY
Review of 2013 Vine Crop Diseases Chris Smart Plant Pathology and Plant- Microbe Biology Cornell University Geneva, NY Growing vine crops has become difficult! Common Diseases Powdery mildew Virus diseases
More informationwestern Canadian flaxseed 2003
Quality of western Canadian flaxseed 2003 Douglas R. DeClercq Program Manager, Oilseeds Services James K. Daun Section Head, Oilseeds and Pulses Contact: Douglas R. DeClercq Program Manager, Oilseeds Services
More informationProject Justification: Objectives: Accomplishments:
Spruce decline in Michigan: Disease Incidence, causal organism and epidemiology MDRD Hort Fund (791N6) Final report Team leader ndrew M Jarosz Team members: Dennis Fulbright, ert Cregg, and Jill O Donnell
More informationDynamics of Hybrid Sunflower Disease Resistance
HELIA 2014; 37(60): 99 104 Research Article Open Access S.V. Gontcharov* Dynamics of Hybrid Sunflower Disease Resistance Abstract: Breeding for resistance to the main diseases is very important part of
More informationSanta Barbara County Agricultural Commissioner
Santa Barbara County Agricultural Commissioner Plant Pest and Disease Diagnostic Services Plant Pathology Heather Scheck Entomology Brian Cabrera Santa Barbara: 681-5600 Santa Maria: 934-6200 Plant Pest
More informationFRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON
California Avocado Society 1960 Yearbook 44: 130-133 FRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON C. A. Schroeder Associated Professor of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California at Los Angeles. The
More informationComparing canola and lupin varieties by time of sowing in the Northern Agricultural Region
Comparing canola and lupin varieties by time of sowing in the Northern Agricultural Region Martin Harries and Greg Shea, DPIRD Key messages Lupin yielded 3.0 t/ha and canola 2.0 t/ha from late May emergence.
More informationFungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape
October 2016 Fungicides for phoma control in winter oilseed rape Summary of AHDB Cereals & Oilseeds fungicide project 2010-2014 (RD-2007-3457) and 2015-2016 (214-0006) While the Agriculture and Horticulture
More informationD Lemmer and FJ Kruger
D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for
More informationEffect on Quality of Cucumber (Pant Shankar Khira-1) Hybrid Seed Production under Protected Conditions
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 01 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.701.004
More informationIMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION IN UNDIVIDED SIVASAGAR DISTRICT
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087 Vol. 8, Issue 1 Feb 2018, 51-56 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. IMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION
More informationProgress Report on Avocado Breeding
California Avocado Society 1942 Yearbook 27: 36-41 Progress Report on Avocado Breeding W. E. Lammerts Division of Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles INTRODUCTION It is by now well known
More informationKevin Long Craig County OSU Extension Educator AG/4-H Youth Development
Kevin Long Craig County OSU Extension Educator AG/4-H Youth Development Vegetables can be divided into two categories based on temperature requirements: Cool-season Warm-season The time at which vegetables
More informationManagement of Lenticel Browning in Mango
Management of Lenticel Browning in Mango R.R. Sharma and K. Prasad Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-11 12 (Email:rrs_fht@rediffmail.com)
More informationManagement of cucurbit diseases in the panhandle: Notes for 2016
Management of cucurbit diseases in the panhandle: Notes for 2016 Mathews Paret, Mason Newark (PhD student), Eric Newberry (PhD student), Tatiana Sanchez (Post-doctoral fellow) & Nicholas Dufault, Laura
More informationPOTATOES USA / SNAC-INTERNATIONAL OUT-OF-STORAGE CHIP QUALITY MICHIGAN REGIONAL REPORT
POTATOES USA / SNAC-INTERNATIONAL OUT-OF-STORAGE CHIP QUALITY 2015-2016 MICHIGAN REGIONAL REPORT Chris Long and Aaron Yoder, Michigan State University Procedure: The 2015 Potatoes USA / SNAC-International
More informationFurther refinement of Pinkerton export parameters
South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook. 2002. 25:51-55 51 Further refinement of Pinkerton export parameters B Snijder, M G Penter, J M Mathumbu and F J Kruger ARC-Institute for Tropical and
More informationPERFORMANCE OF HYBRID AND SYNTHETIC VARIETIES OF SUNFLOWER GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INPUT
Suranaree J. Sci. Technol. Vol. 19 No. 2; April - June 2012 105 PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID AND SYNTHETIC VARIETIES OF SUNFLOWER GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF INPUT Theerachai Chieochansilp 1*, Thitiporn Machikowa
More informationVintage conditions. The Magnificent Seven
2017 Vintage conditions The Magnificent Seven The 2017 vintage began with a very dry winter, with rainfall readings of just 187 mm between November and February (30-year average of 364 mm). A water deficit,
More informationFinal Report. TITLE: Developing Methods for Use of Own-rooted Vitis vinifera Vines in Michigan Vineyards
Final Report TITLE: Developing Methods for Use of Own-rooted Vitis vinifera Vines in Michigan Vineyards PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Thomas J. Zabadal OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the ability to culture varieties
More informationThe Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing
Asian Citrus Psyllid and the Citrus Disease Huanglongbing Psyllid M. Rogers Beth Grafton-Cardwell University of California Riverside Huanglongbing Where did Asian citrus psyllid and the HLB disease come
More informationQUARTERLY REVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY 1
QUARTERLY REVIEW OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DAIRY INDUSTRY 1 The information in this document is from sources deemed to be correct. Milk SA, the MPO and SAMPRO are not responsible for the results of any
More informationPROJECT TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT SIZE AND AGE ON THE MATURITY INDEX OF MANGO.(Maginfera indica.) Cv Apple and Ngowe.
NAME: MUGHI IRENE MUKAI REG NO: A22/0019/2009 SPECIAL PROJECT PROPOSAL. PROJECT TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRUIT SIZE AND AGE ON THE MATURITY INDEX OF MANGO.(Maginfera indica.) Cv Apple and Ngowe.
More informationCorresponding author: Ornella K Sangma
Occurrence of Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour.) Kurz. (Apolka) in Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India Ornella K Sangma 1, Arindam Barman 2, Chinky M Marak 3 and Cheana S Sangma 4 1 PG Scholar, Department
More informationEffect of Sowing Time on Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn Cultivars
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 777-782 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.097
More informationAngel Rebollar-Alvitar and Michael A. Ellis The Ohio State University/OARDC Department of Plant Pathology 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster, OH 44691
Evaluation of strobilurin fungicides (Abound and Cabrio), potassium phosphite ( ProPhyt ) and Ridomil Gold for control of leather rot of strawberry, caused by Phytophthora cactorum. Angel Rebollar-Alvitar
More informationDIVERSIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM FOR DIFFERENT ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS
Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, Vol. LVIII, 15 ISSN 2285-5785; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5793; ISSN Online 2285-57; ISSN-L 2285-5785 DIVERSIFICATION OF SUNFLOWER GERMPLASM FOR DIFFERENT ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT
More informationTEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE
California Avocado Society 1961 Yearbook 45: 87-92 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE C. A. Schroeder and Ernest Kay Professor of Botany. University of California, Los Angeles;
More informationSurvey for Little Leaf of Brinjal Disease (Candidatus phytoplasmatrifolii) Incidence in Northern Karnataka, India
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 1248-1253 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.148
More informationMicroanalytical Quality of Ground and Unground Marjoram, Sage and Thyme, Ground Allspice, Black Pepper and Paprika
Journal of Food Protection, Vol., No., Pages - (March ) Copyright International Association of Milk, Food, and Environmental Sanitarians Microanalytical Quality of and Marjoram, Sage and Thyme, Allspice,
More informationKnowing Your Nodules Results from the 2016 Monaro Legume Survey
Knowing Your Nodules Results from the 2016 Monaro Legume Survey In spring 2016 South East Local Land Services and Monaro Farming Systems surveyed 54 paddocks across the Monaro looking into the health and
More informationTospoviruses of Tomato and Management. Shouan Zhang Associate Professor Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida, IFAS
Tospoviruses of Tomato and Management Shouan Zhang Associate Professor Tropical Research and Education Center University of Florida, IFAS Workshop: Strategy and Practical Approaches to Managing Vegetable
More informationSELECTION STUDIES ON FIG IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY
Pak. J. Boti., 37(3): 567-574, 2005. SELECTION STUDIES ON FIG IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY A. AYTEKİN POLAT 1 AND MELİSA ÖZKAYA 2 1 Professor of Pomology and Corresponding Author; University of
More informationEffect of climatic changes on the incidence of diseases of winter pulses
Effect of climatic changes on the incidence of diseases of winter pulses Presenter: Md. Abu Bakr Assoc. authors: M.H. Rashid M.S. Hossain A.U. Ahmed International Symposium on Climate Change & Food security
More information