Major Plants of the Great Plains

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1 Major Plants of the Great Plains Amanda Gearhart Amanda Gearhart Mike Haddock

2 Rangelands of the North America

3 Deserts & Semideserts Grassland & Savannas Mediterranean Deserts & Semideserts

4 Rangelands of the Great Plains

5 Variation in Annual Precipitation Across U.S.

6 Great Plains Hallock, Minnesota Great Basin

7 = Major Rangeland Soils

8 Plants of the Great Plains GRASSES ANDROPOGONEAE Big Bluestem Andropogon gerardii ANDROPOGONEAE Little Bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium ANDROPOGONEAE Indiangrass Sorghastrum nutans CYNODONTEAE Blue Grama Bouteloua gracilis CYNODONTEAE Buffalograss Buchloe dactyloides PANICEAE Switchgrass Panicum virgatum FORBS ASTEREA Missouri Goldonrod Solidago missouriensis EUPATORIEAE Dotted Gayfeather Liatris punctata HELIANTHEAE Prairie Coneflower Ratibida columnifera ROSACEAE Shrubby Cinquefoil Pentapylloides fruticosa ** All are Perennial and Native

9 ANDROPOGONEAE Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Large sodgrass with thick base Can have extensive scaly rhizomes Seedhead is a panicle with 2-6 digitate (finger-like) branches Page 30-31

10 ANDROPOGONEAE Andropogon gerardii 2 florets per spikelet; one floret with awn, one infertile and awnless Big Bluestem Page 30-31

11 ANDROPOGONEAE Schizachyrium scoparium Mid-sized bunchgrass about half the size of Big Bluestem Sheaths and culms flat Little Bluestem Page Short rhizomes

12 ANDROPOGONEAE Schizachyrium scoparium Several small racemes in a panicletype arrangement Each seed has a small kinky awn Little Bluestem Page 38-39

13 ANDROPOGONEAE Sorghastrum nutans Large sodgrass With short, scaley rhizomes Auricles erect flanking ligule rifle-sight ligule Short, soft hairs at the nodes Indiangrass Page 40-41

14 ANDROPOGONEAE Sorghastrum nutans Seedhead is a single, narrow, plume-like panicle Seed is light and fluffy with small awns attached. Indiangrass Page 40-41

15 Cynodonteae Bouteloua gracilis Blue Grama Page Densely tufted plant with short, mostly basal, leaves

16 Cynodonteae Bouteloua gracilis Inflorescence has 1-3 (normally 2) spicate branches (combs) per culm Spikelets are densely crowded on comb-like branches Blue Grama Page 86-87

17 Cynodonteae Buchloe dactyloides Buffalograss Page Shortgrass that is stoloniferous and forms a dense sod Male spikelets are arranged on spicate inflorescence branch

18 Cynodonteae Buchloe dactyloides Buffalograss Page Male & female on separate plants (dioecious) Female flower Male flower

19 Paniceae Panicum virgatum Rhizomatous, tall grass with stout clums Tuft of hair at throat of sheath Switchgrass Page

20 Paniceae Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Page Seedhead is a broad and diffuse panicle Spikelets toward ends of panicle branches Each spikelet has one floret

21 ASTEREAE Solidago missouriensis Missouri Goldenrod herbaceous forb with erect stems arising singly from a creeping rhizome brownish or reddish stems leaves taper at both ends, entire or only slightly serrated leaves have 3 or more distinct veins parallel to margin; road-map venation Page

22 ASTEREAE Solidago missouriensis Missouri Goldenrod inflorescence panicle-like with recurving branches (e.g. curved pyramidal inflorescence) member of the Astereae tribe of the Asteraceae family Page

23 EUPATORIEAE Liatris punctata Surface of leaves distinctly punctate (dotted with little holes) Leaves linear & sessile Thick bulb below the soil surface Dotted Gayfeather Page

24 EUPATORIEAE Liatris punctata Dotted Gayfeather Page Purple/lavender flowers Flowers sessile on stem Flowers in axil of leaves Thick, punctate bracts

25 HELIANTHEAE Ratibida columnifera Leaves deeply cleft to midrib, with stiff hairs Stems from a woody taproot Prairie Coneflower Page

26 HELIANTHEAE Ratibida columnifera Prairie Coneflower Page Ray flowers yellow or red Disk flowers brown and in a cylindrical column

27 Rosaceae Pentaphylloides fruticosa Shrubby Cinquefoil Small shrub branching from base Red shreddy bark Yellow or orange flowers Page

28 Rosaceae Pentaphylloides fruticosa Shrubby Cinquefoil Page Yellow or orange flowers with 5 petals Leaves pinnately compound with stipule at base

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