N.Y.S Processing Sweet Corn Variety Replicated and Observation (su and supersweet Types) Trial Summary

Transcription

1 N.Y.S Processing Sweet Corn Variety Replicated and Observation (su and supersweet Types) Trial Summary James Ballerstein, Research Support Specialist, Horticultural Sciences Stephen Reiners, Associate Professor, Horticultural Sciences New York State Agricultural Experiment Station Cornell University, Geneva, New York The trial was located at the Vegetable Research Farm in Geneva, NY. The objective was to harvest su gene type at 72-75% moisture and the supersweet type at 75-78% moisture. Plot size for the replicated entries was two rows, 40 feet in length, and 30 inches between the rows. Four replications of early to midseason su type cultivars (10) were planted on May 14. These early su cultivars were planted again along with main season su cultivars on June 2. A single planting of the supersweet type (four replications) was planted on June 16. Yield data were taken from a single harvest of 20-foot sections of the two rows of each plot. A subsample of 15 ears was used for ear data. Observation plot size was two rows, 40 feet in length, and 30 inches between the rows. There were two plots of each cultivar at each planting. Planting dates were the same as the replicated plots. Yield data were taken from a single harvest of a 20-foot section of a single row. A subsample of 15 ears was used for ear data. All plantings were sowed with a Monosem vacuum planter with double disc openers. The fertilizer used was a (with Mn and Zn) at a rate of 350 lbs. per acre. Fertilizer was banded two inches below and two inches to the side of the seeds at planting. Lumax (at the labeled rate) was applied post emergence for weed control. The desired population was 20,900 plants per acre (10 inches in row spacing). One cultivation was done and 250 pounds of per acre were sidedressed. The varieties Bonus and GH2042 from Syngenta Seeds were used as standards for the su type. Overland from Syngenta Seeds was the supersweet standard. May was cool and dry. Rainfall was below normal until July, when rains began. The third replication of the main su planting had delayed emergence due to rougher soil. The supersweet planting emerged uniformly. Heat units over the growing season were about normal. Minor symptoms of the bacterial disease Stewart s wilt became evident midsummer. Common rust infection was minimal until late in the season. We wish to thank the NYS Vegetable Research Association, Ontario Processing Vegetable Growers, and cooperating seed companies for their financial support of this project. We also wish to thank Mr. Michael Gardinier and Mr. Bob Deemer of FarmFreshFirst for their assistance in planning the trials. Special thanks to Mrs. Wilma Kean, Mr. Russ Harris, Matt Reiners, Josh Decker, Nick Schessl, Ms. Chelsea DeBoldt, and Ms. Sarah Huelik for their assistance in day-today operations. Please address any questions to:

2 Jim Ballerstein NYSAES 630 W. North St. Hedrick Hall Geneva, NY (315) Table 1. Cultivar list. Su Type Cultivar Seed Source GH 2042 Rogers Prelude Crites M EX5414 Seminis GH2171 Rogers GH 4927 Rogers HMX 2390 HM UY3435 Crites M C162 General Mills C151 General Mills C174 General Mills Rocker Rogers GH6462 Rogers GH6377 Rogers Bonus Rogers EX5821 Seminis EX5807 Seminis HMX 7387 HM Tamarack Crookham Captain Crites M C194 General Mills HMX7388 HM C2_35 Crookham C6-205 Crookham Supersweet Type Cultivar Seed Source Overland Rogers Protégé Rogers GSS 1477 Rogers Magnum II Rogers GSS6550 Rogers GSS7051 Rogers HMX 7389S HM Fortitude (3-99) Crookham HY1089 Crites M Galaxy Crites M HY1481 Crites M HB2642 Crites M HW2545 Crites M Cshyp6-223 Crookham ACX5008 A&C ACX7132 A&C C177 General Mills C179 General Mills C6-224 Crookham C6-225 Crookham C7-265 Crookham C7-272 Crookham C7-276 Crookham ACX 5156 A&C Rogers=Syngenta-Rogers Brand, Crites M.=Crites Moscow, Seminis=Seminis Vegetable Seeds- Processor Division, HM=Harris Moran, Crookham=Crookham Co., A&C=Abbott and Cobb

3 Table 2. Maturity data for early su planting date, May 14. Cultivar Heat Units to Silk (base 50) Days To Silk Heat Units to Harvest (base 50) Days to Harvest % Moisture At Harvest Seed Source Maturity Height (in.) Plt. Height (in.) C , na UY , na C151 1, , GH , C174 1, , EX , Prelude 1, , na GH , , GH , , HMX , , The above data are an average of four replications. This results in variable heat units to harvest that do not match to others with same days to harvest. Height and Plant Height are included in this table because I did not have other plant characteristics for this planting. Heat Units to Silk (base 50): Growing degree day units base 50 F. The accumulation of degree-day units from planting until silk. Days to Silk: The number of days from planting until plots had 50% of the plants showing silks. Heat Units to Harvest (base 50): Growing degree day units base 50 F. The accumulation of degree-day units from planting until harvest. Days to Harvest: The number of days from planting until harvest. % Moisture at Harvest: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Seed Source Maturity: Listed in either heat units or days to harvest. Information provided by the seed company.

4 Table 3. and kernel ratings for early su planting date, May 14. Cultivar Uniformity Shape Oval/ Round Rowing Size Depth (mm) Depth Flavor Pericarp C162 G-VG CY R-SL O ST-SL I M-L 11 SH OK-G OK B UY3435 G-VG CY R ST-SL I M-L 12 M OK OK B C151 VG CY-SL T R-SL O ST M-L 11 SH OK OK-T B GH 2042 VG-E CY R-SL O ST-SL I M 13 M-D OK-G OK B C174 VG SL T R ST M-L 12 SH OK-G OK B EX 5414 VG CY R-SL O ST-SL I M-L 13 D OK-G S-OK B Prelude VG CY-SL T R ST-SL I S-M 11 M OK-G OK B GH 4927 VG CY R-SL O ST-SL I M 12 M-D OK-G OK-T B GH 2171 G-VG CY R ST M-L 12 M-D OK OK-T CUT HMX 2390 G-VG CY-SL T R-SL O ST-SL I S-M 11 M OK-G T B Market Use All data and ratings are an average of four replications. Uniformity : Ex=excellent (entire sample was the same length, diameter and uniform tip fill), VG=very good, G=good, F=fair, P=poor. Shape : CY=cylindrical, Sl T=slightly tapered, T=tapered. Oval/Round : R=round, Sl O=slightly oval, O=oval. Rowing : The straightness of the rows of kernels. St=straight, SL I=slightly irregular, IRR=quite irregular. Size : S=small, M=medium, L=large. Depth (mm): The measurement of how deep the kernel was in millimeters (determined from breaking five ears in two and measuring the kernel depth. Depth : S=shallow, M=moderate, D=deep. Flavor : Bl=Blah, OK=acceptable, Good=better than acceptable, SW=sweet. Pericarp : S=soft, OK=acceptable, T=tough. Market Use : Cut=cut kernel, Cob=cobbette, Both=could be used for either.

5 Table 4. and yield data for early su planting, May 14. Cultivar Husk Ext. (in) Length (in) Dia. (in) Row Range Unfilled Tip (in) Weight per Unhusked (lbs) Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs) Sample Husked Weight (lbs) Sample Weight per (lbs) Plants Per Acre (1,000 ) s Per Plant % Moisture Tons Per Acre % Recovery C UY C GH C EX Prelude GH GH HMX Husk Ext. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the distance from the tip of the cob to where the husk opens. A negative measurement indicates exposed kernels. Exposed kernels can make the ear more susceptible to insect or bird feeding. Length (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the husked ear butt to tip. Dia. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the diameter of the middle of the ear. Row Range: The range of the number of rows counted on the ear sample. Unfilled Tip (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the tip of the ear that had not formed kernels. Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear. Determined by the total yield weight divided by total number of ears harvested. Comparing weight per unhusked ear from total harvest to the sample unhusked weight per ear indicates how valid the sampling technique is. Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear based on the sample 15 ears brought in from the field. Sample Husked Weight (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of a husked ear based on the sample. Sample Weight per (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of the kernels cut from the ear. Plants per Acre (1,000): Plant population per acre of the harvested plot (multiply number in the column by 1,000). Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. s per Plant: The number of ears harvested divided by the number of plants in the harvest area. % Moisture: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Tons per Acre: The extrapolated yield of the plot listed as tons per acre. Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. % Recovery: Sample kernel weight divided by sample unhusked ear weight. Overall : 5=exceptional, 4=very good, 3=acceptable, 2=unacceptable, 1=very poor. This evaluation was made by considering ear uniformity, ear size, tip fill, and kernel rowing. Overall

6 Table 5. Maturity for main su planting date, June 2. Cultivar Days To Silk Heat Units to Silk (base 50) Days to Harvest Heat Units to Harvest % Moisture at Harvest Seed Source Maturity C , , ,575 UY , , na C , , ,630 GH , , C , , ,720 EX , , Prelude 61 1, , na GH , , GH , , HMX , , GH , , C , , na Rocker 64 1, , Bonus 63 1, , EX , , HMX , , na C , , na GH , , EX , , Tamarack 64 1, , (1,428) Captain 64 1, , na C , , ,900 HMX , , All data and ratings are an average of four replications. Days to Silk: The number of days from planting until plots had 50% of the plants showing silks. Heat Units to Silk (base 50): Growing degree day units base 50 F. The accumulation of degree-day units from planting until silk. Days to Harvest: The number of days from planting until harvest. % Moisture at Harvest: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Seed Source Maturity: Listed in either heat units or days to harvest. Information provided by the seed company.

7 Table 6. and kernel ratings for main su planting date, June 2. Cultivar Unif. Shape Oval / Round Rowing Size Depth (mm) Depth Flavor Pericarp C162 VG SL T R ST M-L 12 SH OK-G OK-T CUT UY3435 VG CY R ST M 12 M OK T B C151 G-VG CY R ST M 11 SH OK-G T B GH 2042 VG CY R ST-SL IRR M 12 M OK OK B C174 VG CY-SL T R ST M-L 11 SH OK-G OK CUT EX5414 VG CY R ST M 11 M OK-G S-OK B Prelude VG SL T R ST-SL IRR M 11 M G OK-T B GH4927 VG CY R ST M 12 M OK OK B GH2171 VG CY-SL T R ST-SL IRR M 11 M G OK-T B HMX 2390 VG CY-SL T R ST-SL IRR S 12 M OK T B GH6377 VG CY-SL T R ST S-M 12 M OK-G S-OK B C2-35 VG SL T R ST M 11 M B-OK T CUT Rocker G-VG CY R ST M 11 SH OK OK-T B Bonus VG CY R ST S-M 12 SH-M B-OK T B EX5821 VG CY R-SL O ST-SL IRR S-M 12 M-D B T B HMX 7387 VG-E CY-SL T R ST M 12 M B-OK T B C6-205 VG CY R ST S 12 SH-M OK OK B GH6462 VG CY R ST M 11 M OK OK B EX5807 VG CY R ST S 12 M B-OK OK-T B Tamarack VG SL T R ST M 11 M B-OK T CUT Captain VG CY R ST-SL IRR S 12 M OK S-OK B Market Use Continued on next page

8 Table 6 (continued) Cultivar Unif. Shape Oval / Round Rowing Size Depth (mm) Depth Flavor Pericarp C194 VG SL T-T R ST M 12 M B-OK OK-T CUT HMX7388 VG CY R ST M 12 M B OK-T B Market Use All data and ratings are an average of four replications. Uniformity : Ex=excellent (entire sample was the same length, diameter and uniform tip fill), VG=very good, G=good, F=fair, P=poor. Shape : CY=cylindrical, Sl T=slightly tapered, T=tapered. Oval/Round : R=round, Sl O=slightly oval, O=oval. Rowing : The straightness of the rows of kernels. St=straight, SL I=slightly irregular, IRR=quite irregular. Size : S=small, M=medium, L=large. Depth (mm): The measurement of how deep the kernel was in millimeters (determined from breaking five ears in two and measuring the kernel depth. Depth : S=small, M=medium, L=large. Flavor : Bl=Blah, OK=acceptable, Good=better than acceptable, SW=sweet. Pericarp : S=soft, OK=acceptable, T=tough. Market Use : Cut=cut kernel, Cob=cobbette, Both=could be used for either.

9 Table 7. and yield data for main su planting date, June 2. Cultivar Husk Ext. (in.) Length (in.) Dia. (in.) Row Range Unfilled Tip (in.) Weight per Unhusked (lbs) Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs) Sample Husked Weight (lbs) Sample Weight per (lbs) Plants per Acre (1,000) s per Plant % Moisture Tons per Acre % Recovery C UY C GH C EX Prelude GH GH HMX GH C Rocker Bonus EX HMX C GH EX Tamarack Captain C HMX Notes on next page Overall Continued on next page

10 Table 7 (continued) Husk Ext. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the distance from the tip of the cob to where the husk opens. A negative measurement indicates exposed kernels. Exposed kernels can make the ear more susceptible to insect or bird feeding. Length (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the husked ear butt to tip. Dia. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the diameter of the middle of the ear. Row Range: The range of the number of rows counted on the ear sample. Unfilled Tip (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the tip of the ear that had not formed kernels. Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear. Determined by the total yield weight divided by total number of ears harvested. Comparing weight per unhusked ear from total harvest to the sample unhusked weight per ear indicates how valid the sampling technique is. Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear based on the sample 15 ears brought in from the field. Sample Husked Weight (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of a husked ear based on the sample. Sample Weight per (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of the kernels cut from the ear. Plants per Acre (1,000): Plant population per acre of the harvested plot (multiply number in the column by 1,000). Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. s per Plant: The number of ears harvested divided by the number of plants in the harvest area. % Moisture: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Tons per Acre: The extrapolated yield of the plot listed as tons per acre. Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. % Recovery: Sample kernel weight divided by sample unhusked ear weight. Overall : 5=exceptional, 4=very good, 3=acceptable, 2=unacceptable, 1=very poor. This evaluation was made by considering ear uniformity, ear size, tip fill, and kernel rowing.

11 Table 8. Plant characteristics for su type based on June 2 planting. Cultivar Plant Uniformity Tillers Position Smut Galls Above the (# plants) Common Rust Stewart s Wilt Plant Height (in.) C162 G N-S 30 0 M M UY3435 VG F-L 30 4 M N C151 VG N-S 30 0 N M GH 2042 VG N-S 30 1 N N C174 VG N-S 60 0 N M-MOD EX5414 VG F-L 30 0 M N Prelude VG F-L 30 0 M M GH4927 VG F-L N N GH2171 VG F-L 30 0 N M HMX 2390 VG S-L 30 0 M M GH6377 VG S-L 30 0 N M C2-35 G-VG F-L MOD N Rocker VG N-S 30 0 N M Bonus VG F-L 30 0 N N EX5821 VG F-L 30 0 N N HMX 7387 VG N-S 30 0 M N C6-205 G-VG M-L 30 0 N N GH6462 VG F-L 30 0 N N EX5807 VG-EX N-S 30 0 N N Tamarack VG F-L N N Captain VG F-L 30 1 M M C194 G-VG F-L 30 0 N N HMX7388 VG F-L 30 0 N N Ht. (in.) Plant Uniformity: Ex=excellent, VG=very good, G=good. Tillers: N-S=none to small, F-L=few large ones, S-L=some large tillers, M-L=many large tillers. Position: (This may influence mechanical harvest) 30=30 degree from stalk, 45=45 degree from stalk. Common Rust : N= no symptoms seen, M=only a few rust pustules noted, MOD=moderate level of rust infection, SEV=severe amount of rust infection (30% or higher of leaf surface had rust pustules. Stewart s Wilt : M=minor lesions, MOD=moderate level of infection (ears would probably be affected), SEV=severe (some plants were stunted). Plant Height (in.): The measurement of the plant in inches from the base of the stalk to the top of the tassel. Ten plants were measured from each plot. Height (in): The measurement from the base of the stalk to the node at the base of the primary ear. Ten plants were measured from each plot.

12 Additional Comments su Type C162 ly maturity, small diameter plant; good husk extension; long, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with good tip fill; medium to large, shallow kernels; some ears slightly curved (curved ears hurt overall rating); some ears a bit oval; a couple ears infected with smut; very good yield and consistent ear size and yield in both early and later planting. UY3435 ly maturity, small diameter plant; a few plants had smut galls above the ear; good husk extension; very good tip fill; round, cylindrical ears; good yield and recovery; very consistent ear size and yield over both plantings. C151 A few curved ears; early maturity; minimal to poor husk extension in the second planting; long ears with decent tip fill; shallow kernels; straight rows; very consistent overall rating and yield and recovery over both plantings. GH 2042 ly to midseason maturity; early trial standard; some minor plant lodging; good ear weight in both plantings; very good ear uniformity; a few ears infected with common smut; good husk extension in the first planting but minimal in the second planting; very good tip fill in both plantings; cylindrical, round ears (a few slightly oval); very good overall ear ratings in both plantings; very good yield and good recovery in both plantings. C174 ly to midseason maturity; long ear shank; long, slightly tapered ears with medium to large, shallow kernels and straight rows; nice cut kernel product, might be too tapered for cob market; very good yield in the first planting and good yield in the second planting (plant population was a bit less in the second planting); very good overall ear rating; minor to moderate levels of Stewart s wilt infection. EX5414 ly to midseason maturity; slender plant that seems to hold up the heavy ears (some minor lodging in one plot); good husk extension and very good tip fill; large diameter; cylindrical, round (a few slightly oval) ears with medium to deep kernels; a little softer pericarp than most others; good to very good overall ear rating; very good yield and recovery. Prelude ly to midseason maturity; shorter, slightly tapered (mainly near the tip of the ear), round ears with a bit tougher pericarp; good flavor; very good husk extension and excellent tip fill; good to very good overall rating; good yield. GH 4927 ly to midseason maturity; minimal to poor husk extension; very good to excellent tip fill; very consistent ear size and length over both plantings; a few slightly oval ears; a few ears with a slight curve or very one-sided; good to very good overall ear rating; very good to excellent yield.

13 GH 2171 ly to midseason maturity; shorter, large diameter ears with minimal to poor husk extension; not filled but uniformly so; good to very good yield and recovery; possibly too big in diameter for cob market; ear uniformity not quite as good as most others. HM2390 Midseason maturity; bushy plant; long, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with good husk extension in the first planting, but minimal husk extension in the second planting, many ears onesided or slightly curved; very good tip fill in both plantings; tough pericarp; good to very good overall ear rating; nice golden yellow color; consistent over both plantings; very good yield and recovery. GH 6377 Midseason maturity; tall, bushy plants; hard to hand harvest (ears do not snap off); cylindrical to slightly tapered, round ears; minimal husk extension; very good tip fill; straight rows; many second ears; small to medium kernel size; a bit softer pericarp than most others; very good overall ear rating, yield, and recovery. C2-35 An observation entry; midseason maturity; thin stand; long, slightly tapered, round ears with good tip fill; good yield for less than optimum stand; very good recovery although it was quite mature at harvest; moderate level of common rust infection will probably keep it from advancing. Rocker Midseason maturity; tall plants; cylindrical, round ears; ears not quite as uniform as most other cultivars; some ears have a slight curve; acceptable overall ear rating (lack of uniformity hurt the rating); decent yield. Bonus Mid- to main season maturity; main season trial standard; stout, uniform plants; very good tip fill; straight rows; tough pericarp; very good overall rating; consistent, good yield over the years Mid- to main season maturity; bushy plant; decent husk extension; good tip fill; long, round to slightly oval ears; small, medium to deep kernels; tough pericarp; good to very good overall rating; good yield. HMX 7387 Mid- to main season maturity; bushy plant; very long, slender, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears; very good to excellent ear uniformity; minimal to poor husk extension; very good tip fill; straight rows; tough pericarp; very good overall ear rating and excellent yield. C-205 An observation entry; mid- to main season maturity; thin stand; cylindrical, round ears with very good husk extension and tip fill; small, shallow to medium depth kernels in straight rows; very good yield for the plant population; very good overall ear rating; worth looking at in replicated trial.

14 GH 6462 Mid- to main season maturity; cylindrical, round ears with very good husk extension and tip fill; straight rows; very good overall ear rating; good yield; ear uniformity hurts this one a bit Mid- to main season maturity; excellent plant uniformity; cylindrical, round ears with decent husk extension and very good tip fill; a few slightly curved ears; small kernels in straight rows; good to very good overall rating and very good yield. Tamarack Mid- to main season maturity; long, slightly tapered ears with good husk extension; straight rows; tough pericarp; good yield (although lower plant population probably hurt yield); very good overall rating; cut kernel market; some tassle smut. Captain Main season maturity; long, cylindrical, round ears with good husk extension and very good tip fill; small kernels; pericarp a bit softer than others; very good overall ear rating and very good yield. C194 Main season maturity; tall, bushy plant; very long, slightly tapered to tapered ear with minimal to poor husk extension; a few ears slightly curved; ears did not fill but uniformly so; straight rows; very good overall ear rating; very good to excellent yield and recovery; cut kernel market; some tassle smut. HMX 7388 Main season maturity; tall plants with ears high on the stalk; long, round, cylindrical ears with very good tip fill; straight rows; very good overall ear rating; very good yield. Cultivar Descriptions Provided by the Seed Source (Su type) C162 General Mills: early season (1,575 heat units) yellow su; Rp1-d gene for rust resistance. UY3435 Crites Moscow. C151 General Mills: yellow su; mid- to early season maturity (1,630 heat units); Rp1d rust resistance. GH 2042 Rogers: 75 days to maturity (1,553 heat units); 7-foot plant height, 24-inch ear height, 1.9-inch ear diameter, 8.5-inch ear length, rows, 12-mm kernel depth; Rp1i gene for rust resistance, tolerance to MDMV, poast herbicide tolerance. C174 General Mills: yellow su; early to midseason maturity (1,720 heat units); Rp1d rust resistance. EX 5414 (EX ) Seminis: early maturity (74 days); MDM resistance; as early or earlier than GH 2042.

15 Prelude Crites Moscow: an extremely high yielding, medium early processing hybrid; its exceptional quality is unique for its maturity; suitable as an early and midseason variety; has performed well across the United States in the early to mid- planting slots; excellent replacement for Jubilee; 2-3 days earlier than Jubilee, 3-4 days later than GH 1861 or Boston; very sweet with an excellent flavor, eats like an se type; field holding ability, and hence harvest window, is excellent; cob size is moderate but very consistent; high recovery and good factory throughput; twin cobbing is common with high synchronicity; this drives good yield potential; moderated to good stalk strength with reasonable tolerance to stalk rots; can be grown right throughout the season, although is only slightly stronger in the stalk than Jubilee; has shown greater tolerance to boil smut than Jubilee in Washington and Oregon; tolerant to the chemicals Accent and Callisto; moderate multigenic tolerance to rust, moderately susceptible to NLB, MDMV, SW, SLB, and Grey Leaf Spot; worth trialing anywhere that Jubilee is grown, where you want Jubilee-type quality, or you need it in an earlier variety; where you want good establishment across a wide range of conditions with improved Smut tolerance and stalk strength, do not plant into high disease pressure times or areas of severe storm activity (commercial 2004). GH 4927 Rogers: 75 days to maturity; stout plant; Rp1i gene for rust resistance; Poast herbicide tolerance; similar to 2042 but with better plant. GH 2171 Rogers: 74 days to maturity; Rp1g gene for rust resistance, some NCLB and Stewart s wilt tolerance; Poast herbicide tolerance; similar to Cahill. HMX 2390 Harris Moran: 78 days to maturity; 84-inch plant height, 30-inch ear height, 8.3-inch ear length, 1.8-inch ear diameter, rows; yellow su; high yielding; improved disease resistance (fusarium), intermediate resistance to common rust, susceptible to both MDMV and NCLB, intermediate resistance to Stewart s wilt and common smut; medium kernel style developed for processor market. GH 6377 Rogers: days to maturity; very high quality petite kernel; 8.3-inch ear length, 20 rows; PSgenes d/g, ET (IR), MDMV (HR), expect Pst (IR) in a Poast-tolerant hybrid. C2-35 Crookham Co. Rocker (GH6631) Rogers: su type; 85 days to maturity (1,793) heat units; 8.5-foot plant height, 38-inch ear height, 8.25-inch ear length, 1.85-inch ear diameter, rows, 11-mm average kernel depth; Rp1-d & g genes for rust resistance, tolerant to maize dwarf mosaic virus; Poast herbicide tolerance. Cultivar Descriptions Provided by the Seed Source (Su type) Bonus Rogers: 83 days to maturity (1,750 heat units); main season processor; normal su type; 7.5-foot plant height, 36-inch ear height, 8.0-inch ear length, 1.8-inch diameter, row count, 11-mm kernel depth; produces ears with exceptional uniformity of size, shape, and style, which

16 promotes efficient processing; petite kernel and golden yellow color give it a gourmet appearance; excellent husk length minimizes potential for bird damage; sturdy clean plant that harvests easily; resistant to common rust (RP1d gene), tolerant to MDMV, Stewart s wilt, and NCLB. EX 5821 (EX ) Seminis: 82 days to maturity; new race of Rust resistance; Legacy type. HMX 7387 Harris Moran: full-season maturity at 86 days; row count, 22-cm ear length. C205 Crookham Co. GH 6462 Rogers: 83 days to maturity; double rust genes d, g, some NCLB, SCLB, MDMV, and Stewart s tolerance; great percentage of recovery, and good finished quality and color. EX Seminis: main season hybrid (82 days to maturity); su1 yellow processor hybrid with petite kernel style; good rowing on 8-inch ears; attractive processed color; intermediate resistance to MDMV, Stewart s wilt, and NLB, carries the Rp1-D gene, and has shown good polygenic levels of rust resistance. Tamarack Crookham: 84 days to maturity (1,428 heat units); yellow su type; 8.7-inch ear length, 2.0-inch ear diameter, 30-inch ear height, 89-inch plant height, rows; IR for Stewart s Wilt, Rp1g gene for rust resistance, HR to MDMV. Captain Crites Moscow. C194 General Mills: yellow su type; full-season maturity (1,900 heat units); Rp1d,-g & I genes for rust resistance. HMX 7388 Harris Moran: full-season maturity at 86 days; row count, 22-cm ear length.

17 Table 9. Maturity of supersweet gene type for planting date June 16. Cultivar Days To Silk Heat Units to Silk (base 50) Days to Harvest Heat Units to Harvest (base 50) % Moisture at Harvest Seed Source Maturity C , , Protégé 60 1, , ACX , , na , , na GSS , , Magnum II 61 1, , HB , , na HMX 7389S 62 1, , Overland 63 1, , HY , , na ACX , , na GSS , , Fortitude 61 1, , Cshyp , , na C , , Galaxy 64 1, , na HY , , na HW , , na GSS , , , , na , , na , , na ACX , , na , , na na=not available. All data and ratings are an average of four replications. Days to Silk: The number of days from planting until plots had 50% of the plants showing silks. Heat Units to Silk (base 50): Growing degree day units base 50 F. The accumulation of degree-day units from planting until silk. Days to Harvest: The number of days from planting until harvest. Heat Units to Harvest (base 50): Growing degree day units base 50 F. The accumulation of degree-day units from planting until harvest. % Moisture at Harvest: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Seed Source Maturity: Listed in either heat units or days to harvest. Information provided by the seed company.

18 Table 10. and kernel ratings for supersweet planting date June 16. Cultivar Unif. Shape Oval/ Round Rowing Size Depth (mm) Depth Flavor Pericarp Market Use C177 G-VG SL T R ST-SL I M-L 12 SH OK-G OK-T CUT Protégé G-VG CY-SL T R ST-SL I M 12 M OK OK B ACX7132 G-VG SL T-T R ST-SL I M 11 SH-M OK-G OK CUT VG SL T-T R-SL O ST-SL I M 12 SH-M OK-G T CUT GSS 1477 G-VG CY R ST-SL I M 12 M OK-G OK-T B Magnum II VG CY R ST-SL I M 13 M OK-G OK B HB2642 HMX 7389S Overland VG CY-SL T R ST M 12 M G S-OK B VG-E CY R ST M 13 M-D G T B VG CY-SL T R ST-SL I S-M 13 M-D G OK B HY1089 VG-E CY R ST S 12 M OK-G OK-T B ACX5008 VG VCY R ST M-L 13 M ok OK B GSS7051 VG CY R-SL O ST M 12 SH-M G-SW T B Fortitude VG CY R ST M 13 M OK-G OK-T B Cshyp6-223 VG CY R ST M 14 M-D G OK B C179 VG CY-SL T R ST-SL I M 14 M-D OK OK CUT Galaxy VG-E CY R ST S-M 13 M-D G OK-T B HY1481 G-VG CY R-SL O ST-SL I S 13 M OK-G OK-T B HW2545 G-VG CY-SL T R ST S-M 12 M G S B GSS6550 VG-E CY R ST M 13 M G OK-T B G CY R ST M-L 14 M G S CUT VG T R ST-SL I M 13 M G T CUT G-VG SL T-T R ST-SL I M 13 M-D G OK CUT ACX 5156 G-VG SL T R-SL O ST-SL I M 13 M-D OK-G OK-T B G-VG CY SL O ST M 14 M G S CUT All data and ratings are an average of four replications. Unif. : Ex=excellent (entire sample was the same length, diameter and uniform tip fill), VG=very good, G=good, F=fair, P=poor. Shape : CY=cylindrical, Sl T=slightly tapered, T=tapered. Oval/Round : R=round, Sl O=slightly oval, O=oval. Rowing : The straightness of the rows of kernels. St=straight, SL I=slightly irregular, IRR=quite irregular. Size : S=small, M=medium, L=large. Depth (mm): The measurement of how deep the kernel was in millimeters (determined from breaking five ears in two and measuring the kernel depth. Depth : S=shallow, M=moderate, D=deep. Flavor : Bl=Blah, OK=acceptable, Good=better than acceptable, SW=sweet. Pericarp : S=soft, OK=acceptable, T=tough. Market Use : Cut=cut kernel, Cob=cobbette, Both=could be used for either.

19 Table 11. and yield data for supersweet gene type. Cultivar Husk Ext. (in.) Length (in.) Dia. (in.) Row Range Unfilled Tip (in.) Weight per Unhusked (lbs) Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs Sample Husked Weight (lbs) Sample Weight per (lbs) Plants per Acre (1,000) s Per Plant % Moisture Tons Per Acre % Recovery C Protégé ACX C GSS Magnum II HB HMX 7389S Overland HY ACX GSS Fortitude Csh C Galaxy HY HW GSS C C C ACX C Notes on next page Overall Continued on next page

20 Table 11 (continued) Husk Ext. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the distance from the tip of the cob to where the husk opens. A negative measurement indicates exposed kernels. Exposed kernels can make the ear more susceptible to insect or bird feeding. Length (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the husked ear butt to tip. Dia. (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the diameter of the middle of the ear. Row Range: The range of the number of rows counted on the ear sample. Unfilled Tip (in.): The measurement (in inches) of the tip of the ear that had not formed kernels. Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear. Determined by the total yield weight divided by total number of ears harvested. Comparing weight per unhusked ear from total harvest to the sample unhusked weight per ear indicates how valid the sampling technique is. Sample Weight per Unhusked (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of an unhusked ear based on the sample 15 ears brought in from the field. Sample Husked Weight (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of a husked ear based on the sample. Sample Weight per (lbs): The weight (in pounds) of the kernels cut from the ear. Plants per Acre (1,000): Plant population per acre of the harvested plot (multiply number in the column by 1,000). Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. s per Plant: The number of ears harvested divided by the number of plants in the harvest area. % Moisture: Percent moisture of the harvest sample. A slurry of cut kernels was dried to determine the percent moisture. Tons per Acre: The extrapolated yield of the plot listed as tons per acre. Harvest plot was two rows by 20 ft per replication. % Recovery: Sample kernel weight divided by sample unhusked ear weight. Overall : 5=exceptional, 4=very good, 3=acceptable, 2=unacceptable, 1=very poor. This evaluation was made by considering ear uniformity, ear size, tip fill, and kernel rowing.

21 Table 12. Plant characteristics for supersweet gene type. Cultivar Plant Uniformity Tillers Position Smut Galls Above the (# plants) Common Rust Stewart s Wilt NCLB Plant Height (in.) Height (in) C177 G-VG S-L 30 0 MOD MOD M Protégé VG N-S N N N ACX7132 G-VG S 30 1 M M MOD C7-272 G-VG L 30 0 MOD N N GSS 1477 VG N-S 30 0 M N N Magnum II VG N-S 30 0 M N N HB2642 G-VG S M-MOD M M HMX 7389S VG N-S 30 0 N N N Overland VG N-S N N N HY1089 G-VG F-L 30 0 M N N ACX5008 G-VG S 30 3 M M M GSS7051 G-VG S-L 60 0 N N N Fortitude VG S-L 30 0 M-MOD N N Cshyp6-223 G-VG F-L 30 0 M M N C179 VG F-L 30 0 N M M Galaxy G-VG N-S 30 0 M M N HY1481 VG S M N N HW2545 G-VG S-L 30 0 M N N GSS6550 VG S-L N N N C6-225 G-VG L N N N C7-265 VG L N N N C7-276 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ACX 5156 G-VG S 30 0 M N N G L 30 0 MOD N N Plant Uniformity: Ex=excellent, VG=very good, G=good. Tillers: N-S=none to small, F-L=few large ones, S-L=some large tillers, M-L=many large tillers. Position: (This may influence mechanical harvest) 30=30 degree from stalk, 45=45 degree from stalk. Common Rust : N= no symptoms seen, M=only a few rust pustules noted, MOD=moderate level of rust infection, SEV=severe amount of rust infection (30% or higher of leaf surface had rust pustules. Stewart s Wilt : M=minor lesions, MOD=moderate level of infection (ears would probably be affected), SEV=severe (some plants were stunted). Northern Corn Leaf Blight : N=none, M=minor, Mod.=moderate. Plant Height (in.): The measurement of the plant in inches from the base of the stalk to the top of the tassel. Ten plants were measured from each plot. Height (in): The measurement from the base of the stalk to the node at the base of the primary ear. Ten plants were measured from each plot.

22 Additional Comments Supersweet Type C177 ly season maturity; slightly tapered ears with minimal to poor husk extension; very good to excellent tip fill; ears quite one-sided; medium to large, shallow kernels; very good yield; probably best for cut kernel market; moderate levels of common rust and Stewart s wilt infection. Protégé ly to midseason maturity; cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with minimal to poor husk extension; ears uniformly not filled; small cob; difficult to use moisture as an indicator of maturity. ACX 7132 ly to midseason maturity; long, slightly tapered to tapered ears with minimal to poor husk extension; very good yield and excellent recovery; best market would be cut kernel; moderate level of NCLB infection; ear uniformity could be better. C7-272 Observation entry; early to midseason maturity; thin stand; slightly tapered to tapered, round to slightly oval ears with very good to excellent tip fill; shallow to medium kernel depth; tough pericarp; very good overall ear rating; some tassle smut, moderate level of common rust infection; might be worth looking at again in replicated study. GSS 1477 ly to midseason maturity; some broken plants after hard winds; round, cylindrical ears with uniformly poor fill; decent yield; ears very one-sided to slightly curved. Magnum II Mid- to main season maturity; tall plants; ears quite one-sided; long; cylindrical, round ears with minimal husk extension; ears were uniformly not filled; very good yield and good recovery. HB 2642 Mid- to main season maturity; bicolor; many broken plants after high winds; long, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with very good husk extension; ears were not filled; straight rows; pericarp a bit softer than most others; very good overall ear rating, yield, and recovery; moderate level of common rust infection; more of a fresh market variety than a processor. HMX 7389S Mid- to main season maturity; tall plant; some broken plants after high winds, very one-sided to slightly curved ears; short, very uniform ears with very good husk extension and tip fill; straight rows; tough pericarp; very good overall ear rating; very good to excellent yield; recovery was on the low side although the kernels were quite deep. Overland Mid- to main season maturity; our supersweet standard; ear angle degrees from the plant; long, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with exposed tips; ears uniformly not filled; small, medium to deep kernels; good yield and excellent recovery; very good overall ear rating.

23 HY1089 Mid- to main season maturity; very good to excellent ear uniformity; cylindrical ears with good husk extension; small, pointed type kernels in straight rows; very good yield and overall ear ratings. ACX 5008 Mid- to main season maturity; short plant; ear height may be a concern in a dry year; very cylindrical ears with decent husk extension; very good to excellent tip fill; medium to large kernels in straight rows; decent yield and very good recovery; very good overall ear rating; a few plants with common smut galls above the ear. GSS7051 Mid- to main season maturity; less than optimum plant stand; tall plants; many broken plants after high winds; long, cylindrical ears with decent husk extension; not filled but uniformly so; straight rows; good flavor; tough pericarp; very good overall ear rating. Fortitude Mid- to main season maturity; thin stand; long, cylindrical, large diameter ears; long husk extension and uniform; poor tip fill; straight rows; very good overall ear rating (positives outweighed the poor fill); small cob; moderate level of common rust infection (disease susceptibility may keep it from becoming commercially acceptable). C6-223 Main season maturity; thin stand; cylindrical, large diameter ears with minimal to poor husk extension; very good tip fill; medium to deep kernels in straight rows; very good overall ear rating; probably worth looking at again in replicated study with better seed. C179 Main season maturity; tall plant; a number of broken plants after high winds; a few ears broke while husking; external baby ears attached to the main ear; very long, large diameter, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with exposed tips; ears one-sided to slightly curved; ears uniformly not filled; medium to deep kernels; very good yield and recovery. Galaxy Main season maturity; cylindrical, very uniform ears with minimal husk extension; small, medium to deep kernels in straight rows; very good overall ear rating; very good yield and recovery; very good potential. HY 1481 Main season maturity; a number of broken plants after high winds; cylindrical, round to slightly oval ears with exposed tips; small kernels; decent yield. HW 2545 Main season maturity; white kernels; less than optimum plant stand; very uniform, cylindrical to slightly tapered ears with good husk extension; small kernels in straight rows; soft pericarp; decent yield and very good recovery; very good overall ear rating.

24 GSS 6550 Main season maturity; bushy plant; some broken plants after high winds; very good to excellent ear uniformity; cylindrical, round ears with minimal to poor husk extension; straight rows; decent yield and very good recovery; very good overall ear rating. C6-225 Observation entry; main season maturity; thin stand; cylindrical, large diameter, round ears with good husk extension; ears not filled and not as uniform as they should be; straight rows; medium to large kernels; soft pericarp; excellent recovery. C7-265 Observation entry; main season maturity; thin stand; long, tapered, large diameter ears with minimal to poor husk extension; tough pericarp; very good yield (considering the low plant stand) and recovery; a few ears infected with common smut; possibly worth looking at again in replicated study. C7-276 Observation entry; main season maturity; thin stand; long, tapered, large diameter ears with minimal husk extension; medium to deep kernels; very good recovery. ACX 5156 Observation entry; main season maturity; less than optimum plant stand; short, slightly tapered, round to slightly oval ears with good husk extension; very good to excellent tip fill; good cut corn recovery; a special niche market type of ear. C6-224 Observation entry; main season maturity; thin stand; long, large diameter, cylindrical, slightly oval ears with decent husk extension; ears were not filled; straight rows; soft pericarp; unacceptable overall ear rating (three flat tipped ears in the sample); moderate level of common rust infection. Descriptions Provided by the Seed Source (Supersweets) C177 General Mills: early season maturity (1,760 heat units); yellow supersweet; Rp1-d gene for rust resistance. Protégé (GSS 7164) Rogers: 77 days to maturity; similar to GSS 9299 with newer I gene for rust resistance and better ear uniformity. ACX 7132 Abbott & Cobb. C7-272 Crookham Co. GSS 1477 Rogers: new; 79 days to maturity; 8.5-inch ear; Rp1d gene for rust, some overall tolerances for new race, HR for NCLB, SCLB, and IR on Stewart s Wilt and MDMV; good recovery and quality.

25 Magnum II Rogers: 81 days maturity; 8.5-inch ear length, rows, 1.9-inch diameter; strong plant; IR to common rust, HR to NCLB, IR to SCLB; excellent husk cover; good seedling vigor; good field holding capacity; straight rowing. HB 2642 Crites Moscow: bicolor. HMX 7389 Harris Moran: 83 days to maturity; row count; multiple gene rust resistance, IR for NCLB; 21-cm ear length. Overland (GSS 3287) Rogers: 84 days to maturity (1,775 heat units); 7-foot plant height, 36-inch ear height, 8.5-inch ear length, 1.85-inch ear diameter, rows, 12-mm kernel depth; Rp1i gene for rust resistance, resistance to NCLB, tolerance to MDMV and SW. HY1089 Crites Moscow. ACX 5008 Abbott & Cobb. GSS7051 Rogers: SSJ cob quality in a late season great multi-disease package; 84 days to maturity; rust genes di, NCLB/Et (HR), Stewart swilt or Pst very good, but too new to say which IR (oldmr) or (HR) yet. Fortitude (CSH3-99) Crookham: 80 days to maturity. Cshyp6-223 Crookham. C179 General Mills: full-season maturity (1,890 heat units); yellow supersweet; Rp1d, g & I genes for rust resistance. Galaxy Crites Moscow. HY 1481 Crites Moscow. HW 2545 Crites Moscow: white. GSS 6550 Rogers: 84 days to maturity; first Poast-tolerant supersweet; Rp1I gene for rust resistance; lush green plant; IR to NCLB, high resistance to MDMV; rows, 1.8-inch diameter.

26 C6-225 Crookham Co. C7-265 Crookham Co. C7-276 Crookham Co. ACX 5156 Crookham Co. C6-224 Crookham Co. Table 13. Weather summary. Day Max. Temp. Min. Temp. Mean Temp. Precip. Acc Precip. Degree Days Base 50 Acc. DD Units May Continued on next page