101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Caricaceae Taxo: Carica petagoa Som: Vascocellea heilborii (V. M. Badillo) V. M Carica chrsopetala Heilbor Carica heilborii othovar. chrsopetala (H Vascoella petagoa Heilbor Commo Name: babaco chamburo papao caletao Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 1 of 6

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 2 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -10 Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 2 of 6

3 Supportig Data: Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Papaa. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL a_ars.html [Is the species highl domesticated? Naturall occurrig] "The plat is ot kow i the wild ad botaists have suggested that it ma be a hbrid." Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Papaa. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL a_ars.html Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Guezou, A./Truema, M./Buddehage, C.E./Chamorro, S./Guerrero, A.M. et al.. A Extesive Alie Plat Ivetor from the Ihabited Areas of Galapagos. PLoS ONE. 5(4): e10276: doi: /joural.poe [Is the species highl domesticated? Yes] "Origi: The babaco is presumed to have origiated i the cetral south highlads of Ecuador ad is believed to be a aturall occurrig hbrid of Carica stipulata ad C. pubesces. It has bee cultivated i Ecuador sice before the arrival of Europeas." [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "The babaco is presumed to have origiated i the cetral south highlads of Ecuador ad is believed to be a aturall occurrig hbrid of Carica stipulata ad C. pubesces." "The babaco thrives i a cool subtropical climate, free of frost." [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "The babaco thrives i a cool subtropical climate, free of frost. I Califoria it grows i coastal areas of the souther part of the state ad with some protectio as far orth as the Sa Fracisco Ba area. With some shade it will grow i the warmer iterior regios, but high temperatues ad low humidit ma result i subured fruit ad immature fruit drop. The babaco is much more tolerat of cool, damp witers tha the papaa. It will withstad temperatures to about 28 F, although it ma lose most of its leaves. The babaco is ideall suited to cotaier culture ad also excellet for greehouses. " [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Origi: The babaco is presumed to have origiated i the cetral south highlads of Ecuador ad is believed to be a aturall occurrig hbrid of Carica stipulata ad C. pubesces." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage?] "It is propagated b cuttigs ad is grow o a small scale i Australia ad New Zealad primaril for export." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "I more recet times the babaco was itroduced ito New Zealad where it is grow commerciall. I Israel ad other parts of the Middle Easter the plat is also beig grow commerciall i greehouses. Steve Spagler is credited with itroducig the babaco to souther Califoria i the 1970's." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] " Cu) Cultivated (itroduced for cultivatio, ot aturalized)" Guézou, A. et al.. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Itroduced Plats. I: Bugartz, F. et al. (eds.). CDF Galapagos Species Checklist. Charles Darwi Foudatio, Puerto Aora, Galapagos sts/ecological-group [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Galapagos] [Carica x heilborii - s. Carica x petagoa] "Origi: Itroduced, Cultivated" Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] Listed as aturalized i Galapagos, but o evidece from Guezou at el [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 3 of 6

4 Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit [Evirometal weed? No evidece] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] [Cogeeric weed] Carica papaa listed as a weed of several locatio [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Growth Habits: The babaco is a small, herbaceous shrub, that grows to about 6 feet i height, with a erect softwood truk lied with leaf scars tpical of other caricas. The plat rarel braches but shoots ofte appear aroud the base. The thickess of the truk is associated with the vigor of the plat. Foliage: The moderatel large, palmate leaves have promiet ribs ad veis ad are o log hollow petioles that radiate from the truk. The average life of a leaf is 4 to 6 moths. Durig the cold witer moths the leaves degeerate ad are graduall shed. " Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Papaa. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL a_ars.html [Parasitic? No] "The babaco is a small, herbaceous shrub, that grows to about 6 feet i height " [Caricaceae] Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] "The plats are attractive to deer who will cosume most of the foliage ad oug fruits." [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] "The plats are attractive to deer who will cosume most of the foliage ad oug fruits." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Potetiall alterate host to pests of papaa] "Pests ad diseases: It is importat to start with virus-free material. Durig moist spells fugal diseases ca affect the leaves, but this is seldom a problem i Califoria. Other diseases iclude powder mildew ad Phtophthora root rot. The major pests affectig the babaco are the two spotted mite, Tetrachus uraticae ad the strawberr mite, Tetrachus atlaticus. Cotrol ca be difficult sice most miticides are phtotoxic to babaco leaves. Predator mites do give reasoable cotrol. Slugs ad the Califoria brow sail ca damage the fruit ad must be cotrolled." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece] "The fruit is best eate fresh whe full ripe. Beig seedless the whole fruit ca be eate, icludig the ski. A little sugar ehaces its flavor. Pieces of the fruit ca also be added to fruit salads. Babaco fruits make a quick ad iterestig drik whe processed i a bleder with a little hoe or added sugar. With the additio of ice cream or froze ogurt it becomes a tast milkshake. The fruit also makes a excellet preserve, ad ca be made ito a pie whe mixed with other fruits. " [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] " The babaco is a small, herbaceous shrub, that grows to about 6 feet i height," [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Babacos like a warm locatio protected from wids. The will grow ad fruit i shad locatios but prefer a su spot." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Babacos prefer a light, fertile, well-draied soil. Although ot as fuss about cold, wet soils as the papaa, the plats perform best i moderatel dr witer coditios. Like papaas, the babaco does ot tolerate salt water or soil. " [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Slightl acidic or eutral (ph 6,5-7) sad cla soils that are rich i orgaic matter (>3%) are recommeded for cultivatig babaco." [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "The babaco is a small, herbaceous shrub, that grows to about 6 feet i height, with a erect softwood truk lied with leaf scars tpical of other caricas." [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 4 of 6

5 Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial [Grass? No] Caricaceae [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Caricaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No, but roots ma fuctio somewhat like a geophte's udergroud storage orgas] "This semi-ligeous, sigle-truk shrub grows rapidl ad ca attai 3 m i 1 ear. Its flesh tuberous mai taproot ca attai a diameter of up to 40 cm ad bears ma lateral roots." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? NA] "The babaco is presumed to have origiated i the cetral south highlads of Ecuador ad is believed to be a aturall occurrig hbrid of Carica stipulata ad C. pubesces." [Produces viable seed? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit." [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow if atural hbridizatio will occur] "Hbrids with Carica pubesces produce edible fruit, but othig as good as the babaco." [Self-compatible or apomictic? No] "Flowers: Flowers form o the ewl developig truk durig the growth phase of the tree. Usuall the thicker the truk, the more prolific the flowerig will be. The flowers, usuall solitar o the ed of a log pedulous stalk, arise from ever leaf axil. The flowers are all female." [Self-compatible or apomictic? No] "There are o stamiate flowers ad the tree ca ol be propagated asexuall." [Requires specialist polliators? NA] "There are o stamiate flowers ad the tree ca ol be propagated asexuall." Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "Propagatio: Sice babacos are seedless, the must be propagated asexuall. Wood for propagatio is take from the paret plat b cuttig the etire truk diagoall about 1 foot from the groud (or back to the secod shoot), ad makig 1 foot cuttig legths from it. This should be doe after fruitig but before the ext flush of growth. The cuttigs are the dipped i a fugicide bath ad the rootig ed dipped i a rootig hormoe. The cuttigs are the set verticall i a low-moisture medium such as sad or sad loam to form callouses. With the first sig of roots ad the begiigs of ew leaves, the ca be plated out, about 8 iches below groud level. Withi 15 moths these ew plats are producig fruit. " [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 1+] "The first fruit are geerall harvested from the 12th moth after platig." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit. The oug fruits set ad grow immediatel after flowerig, reachig a maximum expasio phase durig October-November. At this poit the fruits reach a legth of about 12 iches log ad 8 iches wide. The are distictl five-sided, rouded at the stem ed ad poited at the apex. " [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "I more recet times the babaco was itroduced ito New Zealad where it is grow commerciall. I Israel ad other parts of the Middle Easter the plat is also beig grow commerciall i greehouses. Steve Spagler is credited with itroducig the babaco to souther Califoria i the 1970's. " [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] No seeds produced [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit. The oug fruits set ad grow immediatel after flowerig, reachig a maximum expasio phase durig October-November. At this poit the fruits reach a legth of about 12 iches log ad 8 iches wide. The are distictl five-sided, rouded at the stem ed ad poited at the apex. " WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules water dispersed? No evidece] No seed productio Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 5 of 6

6 Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit [Propagules bird dispersed? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit." [If seeds were produced, could potetiall be dispersed b birds] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit. The oug fruits set ad grow immediatel after flowerig, reachig a maximum expasio phase durig October-November. At this poit the fruits reach a legth of about 12 iches log ad 8 iches wide. The are distictl five-sided, rouded at the stem ed ad poited at the apex. " [Propagules survive passage through the gut? NA] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Papaa. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL a_ars.html [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "The babaco, or chamburo (C. petagoa Heilbor), is commol cultivated i moutai valles of Ecuador. The plat is sleder ad o more tha 10 ft (3 m) high, but the 5-agled fruits reach a foot (30 cm) i legth. Usuall seedless, or with ol a few seeds at most, the fruits are locall eate ol after cookig. " Califoria Rare Fruit Growers, Ic.. Fruit [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Fruit: Babaco fruits set partheocarpicall, as there are o seeds preset i the fruit." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "After 4-6 moths of productio, the truk is cut back to just above the soil level. Followig 8 moths of regrowth, the plat is read for aother ccle of fruit productio." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 10/9/2012 Carica petagoa (Caricaceae) Page 6 of 6

7 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Natural hbrid Thrives i subtropical climates Shade tolerat Regrows after cuttig Low Risk / Desirable Traits No reports of aturalizatio or ivasiveess elsewhere Uarmed (o spies, thors or burrs) Palatable to aimals No-toxic Edible fruit No seed set No seed bak