Confectionary sunflower A new breeding program. Sun Yue (Jenny)

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1 Confectionary sunflower A new breeding program Sun Yue (Jenny)

2 Sunflower in Australia Oilseed: vegetable oil, margarine Canola, cotton seeds account for >90% of oilseed production Sunflower less competitive (poor reliability of supply) oilseed production ('000 tonnes) (AOF 2005) canola sunflower soybean cottonseed 2004/ / / / /01

3 Sunflower in Australia Non oilseed (accounts for <10% of sunflower production) Birdfeed, stock feed, confectionary for human consumption Limited domestic market

4 Chinese market for snack sunflower 100 Australia and Chinese sunflower industry comparison Chinese non-oilseed sunflower Percentage Australia China Australia China Australia China sanck seed 80% dehulled seed 20% oilseed non-oilseed In 2002, Chinese snack sunflower production was tonnes Year Australian Sunflower production (tonne) 70,000 25,000 58,000 69,000 (FAO Stat 2006)

5 Chinese market for snack sunflower In China, sunflower seeds are the most popular snack

6 Chinese market for snack sunflower Snack sunflower seeds can be purchased everywhere in China

7 Opportunity for Australia In China, during winter off-season, there is a short-fall of supply Export sunflower

8 Opportunity for Australia Challenge Seed length Chinese market requires seed > 20 mm Chinese snack sunflower seeds HA89 Hysun 33 ~30 mm 9~10mm

9 Opportunity for Australia Challenge Seed length Improve available large seed germplasm Current large seed sunflower germplasm usually have: Low transpiration efficiency Rust susceptible Low self compatibility Poor adaptation to Australian environments High transpiration efficiency For irrigated crops reduce water needed For dry land crops increase drought tolerance

10 Project outline Objective Breed new confectionary sunflower germplasm Project plan Understand the inheritance of seed length and environment effect (eg. Temperature ) QTL analysis of seed length and other target traits Breed A, B and R-lines for making confectionary sunflower hybrids

11 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Male parent Female parents X X X F1 seeds It is difficult to breed hybrids with the long seed trait.

12 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Diallel crossing strategy Analysis of F1 seed length Preliminary estimate of dominance effect Existence of heterosis Large seed sunflower lines 16~23 mm Small seed sunflower lines 9~11 mm

13 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Analysis of F1 seed length General Combining Ability (GCA) -- average performance of a line in hybrid combination additive effect Specific Combining Ability (SCA) -- better or worse performance in certain combinations based on GCA of lines involved additive effect Griffing s model Ⅰ(fixed lines): Xij= u 0 +g i +g j +s ij +r ij +е ijk

14 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetics inheritance of seed length Analysis of F2 seed length All large seed lines x one small seed line Analyze F2 seed length distribution Normal distribution YES NO Many genes involved in seed length expression Frequency Seed length One or two major peaks 1 or 2 major genes

15 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetic inheritance of seed length Analysis of F2 seed length F2 seed length distribution Frequency , 39 11, 35 13, 34 10, 20 14, 15 9, 11 15, 11 Normal distribution Polygenic system Skew towards small seed large seed recessive 5 0 8, 1 Mid-parent value 16,

16 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm QTL analysis of seed length Discover the number of genomic regions controlling seed length Identify DNA markers closed linked to these regions Segregating population DNA markers Linkage map QTL Genotype and phenotype association QTL location DNA markers

17 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm QTL analysis and association with other traits Traits Self compatibility Oil content Rust resistance Transpiration efficiency (TE) DNA markers Linkage of different traits LG1 LG2 LG LG17 Rust susceptible Long seed Sunflower linkage map

18 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Genetic inheritance of seed length Average gene action of seed length Best lines for breeding program QTL analysis of target traits The number of genomic regions controlling target traits DNA markers useful as selection markers in breeding process

19 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Sources of favorable traits High transpiration efficiency: - UQ materials developed in previous GRDC project. Rust resistance, high self compatibility - UQ materials + various sources

20 Breeding new confectionary sunflower germplasm Breeding process Breeding A, B and R-lines, and incorporate the following favorable traits: large seed length high transpiration efficiency rust resistant high self compatibility

21 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Supervisors: Chris Lambrides Ian Godwin Collaborators: Greg Wallwork Ian Haak Sponsors: Lefroy Seed Hylan Seed UQ

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