Piramydizing resistance genes in grape: a breeding program for the selection of elite cultivars
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1 Piramydizing resistance genes in grape: a breeding program for the selection of elite cultivars Foria S., Monte C., Testolin R., Di Gaspero G., Cipriani G. Dipartimento di Scienze AgroAlimentari, Ambientali e Animali University of Udine _Italy
2 Azerbaijan 7,000 years BP
3 vine varieties known in the world 13 represents more than one third of the world vine area 33 varieties represents 50% «international varieties» Cabernet-Sauvignon one of the most cultivated wine grape in the world (5% world vine area)...
4 The most important grape cultivars of the world (OIV, 2015) Cultivar Destination Area (1000 ha) Countries 1 Kyoho Table China 2 Cabernet-Suavignon Wine Many 3 Sultanina Table, dried and wine Many 4 Merlot Wine France 5 Tempranillo Wine Spain 6 Airen Wine aand Brandy Spain 7 Chardonnay Wine Many 13 Trebbiano toscano/ugni blanc Wine and Brandy Italy, France
5 Distribution of the genus Vitis
6 Grape has 800 resistant genes, but it is not resistant to the pathogens evolved overseas
7 Powdery Mildew - Erysiphe necator (syb Uncinula necator) - Leaves, shoots, rachis, stems, inflorescences and maturing berries are all susceptible
8 Downy Mildew - Plasmopora viticola - Leaves, inflorescences and young bunches are all susceptible
9 Sources of resistance The genetic basis has been evaluated and mapped in several genetic backgrounds: - Hybrids from North American Vitis species; - Two M. rotundifolia accessions; - Two Near Eastern V. vinifera cultivars (Kishmish vatkana and Dza. kara); - Several Chinese Vitis species. NBS LRR genes TIR NB LRR genes CC NB LRR genes
10 Resistant Genes R locus Chromosome R gene type Rpv1 12 TIR NB - LRR Rpv2 18 NBS - LRR Rpv3 18 TIR NB - LRR Rpv8 14 NBS - LRR Rpv10 18 NBS - LRR Rpv12 14 CC NB - LRR Run1 12 TIR NB - LRR Ren1 13 CC NB - LRR Ren4 18 unknown 21 Rpv genes 12 Ren/Run genes Update: October 04, 2017
11 Vc_001 Vc_571 Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, Traminer, Pinot, Aglianico, Sangiovese, Tocai F Regent, Bianca, 20/3, V. aestivalis Cynthiana, Pannonia, , Kishmish vatkana, SK-00-1/7, Solaris, Vc34_113 (Soreli)
12 Crosses - Emasculation - Collection of pollen - Pollination - Seeds harvesting - Germination in glasshouse
13 First year: sampling for genotyping and phenotyping
14 Phenotypic evaluation
15 Selection Name Cross Fleurtai Soreli Sauvignon Kretos Sauvignon Nepis Sauvignon Rytos Tocai x 20/3 Tocai x 20/3 Sauvignon x 20/3 Sauvignon x Bianca Sauvignon x Bianca Fleurtai Soreli Sauvignon Kretos Sauvigno n Nepis Sauvignon Rytos
16 Selection Name Cross Cabernet Eidos Cabernet Volos Merlot Kanthus Merlot Chorus Julius Cab Sauvignon x Bianca Cab Sauvignon x 20/3 Merlot x 20/3 Merlot x 20/3 Regent x 20/3 Cabernet Cabernet Merlot Merlot Julius Eidos Volos Kanthus Chorus
17 Resistance gene pooling - Pyramidization Resistant Elite 1 X Resistant Elite 2 = Rpv3 Rpv12 Run1 Ren1
18 Vc_XXX SO4 Gujot (2.80 m X 1 m) 70 cross combinations 1101 progenies progenies per cross MAS on seedlings Genes Rpv3 Rpv12 Run1 Ren1 Markers UDV305 UDV737 Sc36_7 Sc81_9.1 Sc34_8 Sc35_2 Sc47_6 Sc47_20 Phenothipic selection on seedlings
19 Number of crosses including at least one of the resistance genes Gene pooling Combination with 4 R 19% Combination with 1 R 11% 26 Combination with 3 R 28% Combination with 2 R 42%
20 Phenotype evaluation berry color R 1% berry color ND 11% bunch evaluation 3 0% bunch evaluation ND 12% berry color B 28% berry color W 60% berry color W berry color B berry color R berry color ND bunch evaluation 2 4% bunch evaluation 1 84% bunch evaluation 1 bunch evaluation 2 bunch evaluation 3 bunch evaluation ND productivity low 1 11% productivity high 2 2% productivity very high 3 1% habitus week 1 1% habitus vigorous 2 0% productivity medium 86% productivity low 1 productivity high 2 productivity very high 3 productivity medium habitus normal 99% habitus week 1 habitus vigorous 2 habitus normal
21 Resistance to other diseases Botrytis 1 1% Botrytis 2 0% sour rot 1 [PERCENTUALE] sour rot 2 [PERCENTUALE] Botrytis 1 sour rot 1 Botrytis - no infections 99% Botrytis 2 Botrytis - no infections sour rot - no infections [PERCENTUALE] sour rot 2 sour rot - no infections
22 Vc_156 ( x Pinot noir) Progenies 174 Cross Combinations 1 berry color W 85 berry color B 81 berry color R 0 berry color - 8 bunch evaluation bunch evaluation 2 8 bunch evaluation 3 1 bunch evaluation - 2 dead plants 6 productivity low 1 8 productivity high 2 0 productivity very high 3 0 productivity medium 166 habitus week 1 0 habitus vigorous 2 0 habitus normal 174 Botrytis 1 0 Botrytis 2 0 Botrytis - no infections 174 Acid rot 1 34 Acid rot 2 1 Acid rot - no infections 139 berry color B 49% bunch evaluation 2 5% bunch evaluation 3 1% bunch evaluation 1 94% berry color W 51% berry color W berry color B bunch evaluation 1 bunch evaluation 2 bunch evaluation 3
23 New selections Pinot Progenies Downy mildew genotyping Powdery mildew genotyping Field resistance to downy mildew Filed resistance to powdery mildew Vc_ W Rpv 1, Rpv 12 Run 1, Ren Vc_ W Rpv 12 Ren Vc_ W Rpv 1, Rpv 12 Run Vc_ W Rpv 12 none Vc_ B Rpv 1, Rpv 12 Run Vc_ B Rpv 1, Rpv 12 Run Vc_ B Rpv 12 none +++ -
24 Vc156_ X Pinot noir Vigour: high Productivity: high Bud burst: early Maturation: early High resistance to powdery and downy mildew Leaf similar to Croatina, easy berry detachment, short brush Harvest Cluster weight (g) Production per plant (kg) Production per ha (t) o Brix Total acidity (g/l) 2/09/ /08/ Location Centro Sperimentale VCR, Guyot, 2.8 x 1 ph
25 Wine test
26 Vc156_ X Pinot noir Fruity with spicy aromas, full body and persistant, buona struttura Year Total acidity (g/l) ph Tartaric acid (g/l) Malic acid (g/l) Sugar free extract (g/l) Alcohol, % Location Centro Sperimentale VCR, Guyot, 2.8 x 1
27 Conclusions or open questions How many resistance genes Genetic drag concerns Quality demanding products Wine versus table grape cultivars
28 Thanks to
29
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