Physiological basis for nutrition in compliance with oenological goals and nutritional needs of the vine

Transcription

1 Physiological basis for nutrition in compliance with oenological goals and nutritional needs of the vine Dr. Duilio Porro Fondazione Edmund Mach Istituto Agrario S.Michele a/a (TN) Centro di Trasferimento Tecnologico The way of knowledge: the method is imposed by the object! 1

2 N,S B Mn, Zn, I, Se Fe Ca,P Mg K Photosynthesis Mn C H O N B Carbohydrates Osmotic potential regulation Regulation of cell turgor Cell membranes Fe Ca P K Na Mg Zn S Proteins Enzymes Acids Flavors Pigments Vitamins Coenzymes Cell respiration Sugar metabolism Cu 2

3 Organi della pianta Sintomi principali Nutriente ingiallimenti uniformi N, S Foglie basali e mediane Carenze Apici e foglie apicali ingiallimenti o arrossamenti disseccamenti ingiallimento dissecc-ingiallim. internervali o a macchie dei margini dei margini internervali internervale uniforme internervale a macchie Mg (Mn) K K Mg (Mn) Fe, S Zn (Mn) Ca, B, Cu deformazioni B, Zn Foglie basali e mediane Eccessi disseccamenti a macchie puntiformi dei margini Mn (B) B, Cl Visual diagnosis 3

4 Tissue analyses 4

5 Standard references Veraison Trentino values are expressed on dry matter N % P % K % Ca % Mg % Fe ppm Mn ppm B ppm Zn ppm Cu ppm 1,75-2,25 0,15-0,25 1,00-1,50 2,40-3,20 0,20-0,40 > 50 > > 15 > 3 SPAD Diagnosis 5

6 3.0 N (% d.w.) r 2 = 0.84 *** Spad Values 6

7 Standard-Interpretation of SPAD values related to white and red varieties Cultivar a bacca bianca Cultivar a bacca rossa Livello nutrizionale Allegagione Invaiatura Allegagione Invaiatura Carente N, P, Ca e Mg ed eccessivo K < 27 < 30 < 29 < 33 Basso N, P, Ca e Mg ed alto K Ottimale per tutti i macroelementi Alto N, P, Ca e Mg e basso K Eccessivo N, P, Ca e Mg e carente K > 42 > 44 > 44 > 46 Cabernet_f Moscato_g Schiava Riesling Lagrein Nosiola Sauvignon Mueller_T Cabernet_S Chardonnay Pinot_n Sirius IM_6013 Erenfelser Pinot_g Rebo Traminer Moscato_r Merlot Pinot_m

8 NDVI Diagnosis NDVI (Normalized( Difference Vegetation Index) exploits the different response of the leaf biomass of the visible spectral bands (red) and near infrared (ρ NIR ρ RED) NDVI = (ρ NIR + ρ RED) where ρ NIR and ρ RED respectively indicate the reflectance measured in the near infrared and red NDVI 8

9 Grapevine requirements (kg/ha/year) N P2O K2O CaO MgO Fe 1.0 Mn 0.5 Cu 0.1 Zn 0.3 B 0.2 9

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11 N P K Ca Mg S Fe B Mn Zn Uptake period Peak of demand 11

12 Cabernet Sauvignon S.Michele a/a TN (15 years old) Leaves (including petioles) Woody stems (axes of shoot) Wood Berry clusters (berries or flowers plus stalks) Bark Coarse roots (> 2 mm) Fine roots (< 2 mm) 12

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17 1 After flowering 2 Bunch closure 3 Veraison 4 After grape gathering-harvest Period of estimation Dry matter accumulation (biomass) Dry matter/vine (g) % 26% 24% Period Fine roots Coarse roots Bark Wood Woody stems Berry clusters Leaves 17

18 N dynamic Bark Berry clusters Coarse roots Fine roots Leaves Wood Woody stems N absorption by the soil 2 1,5 1 1 picco 1 mese dopo la fioritura Crescita bacche 2 picco Post-raccolta 0,5 Allegagione Fioritura Germogliamento Invaiatura

19 Nitrogen internal cycle of grapevine Remobilization This process don t depend on spring N supply Winter Spring-time Shoots Wood-Roots Root uptake Leaves Summer Storage Amino-acids, proteins Root uptake Fall Back to perennial Organs (trunk-wood) Around 60% of N inside the leaves P dynamic Tralci Radici_fini Radici Legno Grappoli Foglie Corteccia 19

20 K dynamic Tralci Radici_fini Radici Legno Grappoli Foglie Corteccia Tralci Radici_fini Radici Legno Grappoli Foglie Corteccia Ca and Mg dynamics 20

21 Tralci Radici_fini Radici Legno Grappoli Foglie Corteccia Fe and B dynamics Element Nutritional needs of the vine Accumulation g/vine Accumulation Kg/ha Renewal part/ Tot % Annual removal (kg/ha) N P K Ca Mg S mg/vine g/ha g/ha Fe Mn B Cu Zn N 11.5 P 2 O 5 67 K 2 O 87 CaO 18 MgO 7.5 SO 3 21

22 When do we have to fertilize? Which is the way to better fertilization? Granular (prompt or control release), Foliar or Fertigation? How much fertilizers? How many times? When are we able to obtain the best equilibrium among canopy vigor, yield and quality of wines? It is possible to estimate this? NITROGEN 22

23 Traminer: 3 anno fr_secca fr_ferment florale gradevolezza N_070 prim N_070 fraz N_000 rosa speziato Intensità della nota amaro tropicale struttura gradevolezza fr_ferment Pinot grigio limone florale minerale Intensità della nota erbaceo pera speziato struttura tabacco Testimone Concimato 23

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25 .e grazie a voi tutti!!! 25