Hop Breeding: Let s Get It On G REAT L AKES H OP AND B ARLEY C ONFERENCE

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1 Hop Breeding: Let s Get It On G REAT L AKES H OP AND B ARLEY C ONFERENCE 2 M A R C H CHARLIE ROHWER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA S OUT H E R N R E S E A R C H & OUT R E A C H C E N T E R, W A S E C A, MN

Hop Breeding: Let s Get It On G REAT L AKES H OP AND B ARLEY C ONFERENCE 2 M A R C H 2 0 1 7 CHARLIE

2 Hop Breeding: Let s Get It On G REAT L AKES H OP AND B ARLEY C ONFERENCE 2 M A R C H CHARLIE ROHWER UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA S OUT H E R N R E S E A R C H & OUT R E A C H C E N T E R, W A S E C A, MN

3 Selecting hop varieties for your location What brewers want What growers want

4 Why breed hops here?

5 Why breed hops here? Breeding and SELECTION

6 Hops are photoperiodic 51.5ºN 50ºN 48.1ºN

7 Why breed hops here? Here is not there Iowa State University

8 Phillip Reinagle - Cupid Inspiring the Plants with Love Let s Get It On

9 Let s Get it On

10 Hops are Dioecious

11 Hops are Dioecious

12 Let s Get It On

13 Hops make seeds

14 endtimesreport.com Hops make seeds

15 Hop Breeding 1. Set goals 2. Select parents 3. Make crosses 4. Select seedlings 5. Single-hill selections 6. Multi-hill selections 7. Propagate and distribute

16 Does it grow OK at all?

17 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for?

18 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for? Does it seem to grow consistently well?

19 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for? Does it seem to grow consistently well and have decent chemistry? Does it continute to grow well, and is the chemistry / brewing good?

20 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for? Does it seem to grow consistently well and have decent chemistry? Does it continute to grow well, and is the chemistry / brewing good? Still good growing and brewing? Better than / different from anything else?

21 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for? Does it seem to grow consistently well and have decent chemistry? Does it continute to grow well, and is the chemistry / brewing good? Still good growing and brewing? Better than / different from anything else?

22 Does it grow OK at all? Is it female and perhaps what I am looking for? Does it seem to grow consistently well and have decent chemistry? Does it continute to grow well, and is the chemistry / brewing good? Still good growing and brewing? Better than / different from anything else? Make more!!!

23 Hop Breeding 1. Set goals 2. Select parents 3. Make crosses 4. Select seedlings 5. Single-hill selections 6. Multi-hill selections 7. Propagate and distribute > 10 years

24 Where to get parents? Females You already have them

25 Where to get parents? Females You already have them Find them

26 Where to get parents? Males Find them John Thull, UMN

27 Where to get parents? Males Find them Grow from seed

28 Tips Choose at least 1 vigorous parent M

29 Chose parents that are not closely related (as far as you know) Tips

30 z.umn.edu/hopposter

31 1. Open pollination ( OP ) --OR-- 2. Directed cross

32 Haunold and Zimmerman, 1974

34 rollitup.org

37 Seedlings

38 Indiehops Seedlings in the field

39 UMN Seedlings in the field

41 Can t win them all

ID pedigree 1202-001 Nugget HRC-01M 1401-056 1402-008 Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling 1204-001M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family

42 ID pedigree Nugget HRC-01M Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family selections lb / string % alpha % CoH notes 6 Sept August August Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones. Fresh and clean aroma. Dwarf traits August OK aroma. Dwarf traits August Light on lupulin and aroma Sterling Columnar habit with good branching USDA 19058M 11 August Interesting citrus-like aroma, fairly early, healthy cones.

43 ID pedigree Nugget HRC-01M Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family selections lb / string % alpha % CoH notes 6 Sept August August Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones. Fresh and clean aroma. Dwarf traits August OK aroma. Dwarf traits August Light on lupulin and aroma Sterling Columnar habit with good branching USDA 19058M 11 August Interesting citrus-like aroma, fairly early, healthy cones.

3 33 Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones.

44 ID pedigree Nugget HRC-01M Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family selections lb / string % alpha % CoH notes 6 Sept August August Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones. Fresh and clean aroma. Dwarf traits August OK aroma. Dwarf traits August Light on lupulin and aroma Sterling Columnar habit with good branching USDA 19058M 11 August Interesting citrus-like aroma, fairly early, healthy cones.

45 ID pedigree Nugget HRC-01M Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family selections lb / string % alpha % CoH notes 6 Sept August August Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones. Fresh and clean aroma. Dwarf traits August OK aroma. Dwarf traits August Light on lupulin and aroma Sterling Columnar habit with good branching USDA 19058M 11 August Interesting citrus-like aroma, fairly early, healthy cones.

46 ID pedigree Nugget HRC-01M Brewer s Gold USDA 19173M Sterling M (Sterling // Spalter Select / HRC-01M) harvest date 2016 data: 1201, 1401, 1402, 1403 family selections lb / string % alpha % CoH notes 6 Sept August August Huge plant, easy to grow, some cone browning & shatter (disease), interesting aroma A bit difficult to pick, but early and smells interesting Large branches, small cones. Fresh and clean aroma. Dwarf traits August OK aroma. Dwarf traits August Light on lupulin and aroma Sterling Columnar habit with good branching USDA 19058M 11 August Interesting citrus-like aroma, fairly early, healthy cones.

47 Status of hops at the U 4 putative Fuggle triploids from 2015 (Willamette sisters) 5 unique males Seeds germinating in 2017: Sorachi Ace (Chinook male) Southern Brewer (Spalter Select male) Chinook (Spalter Select male) OP [Sterling (Spalter Select HRC-01M)]??

48 Status of hops at the U Wild hops?... Angela Orshinsky Josh Havill

49 Status of hops at the U Unique genetics? Changbin Chen UMN Horticulture

50 What would Butch Cassidy do? Butch Cassidy, co-owner of Cassidy Hop Ranches Handfamilycompanies.com Crosby Farms

51 What would Butch Cassidy do? Patent the plants? PRO Quality control Market control ROI, $ Butch Cassidy, co-owner of Cassidy Hop Ranches

52 What would Butch Cassidy do? Patent the plants? PRO Quality control Market control ROI, $ CON $ for patent, marketing Must be willing to defend it Butch Cassidy, co-owner of Cassidy Hop Ranches

53 IN SUMMARY Breeding and Selection: Making and choosing new combinations of DNA to meet the needs of growers and brewers. Oh man, that s slow Patenting and Branding: won t be going away any time soon.

54 Questions?

56 So a hop breeder takes his new variety into a bar Release the plants for anyone to grow PRO Breeder can get $ from selling rhizomes If it s a great hop, brewers and growers can have as much as they want! CON Anyone can get $ from selling cuttings

57 So a hop breeder takes his new variety into a bar Release the plants for anyone to grow Patent the plants PRO Breeder can get $ from selling rhizomes If it s a great hop, brewers and growers can have as much as they want! PRO Quality control Market control ROI, $ CON Anyone can get $ from selling cuttings

58 High demand = better return Marketing is necessary for patented hops

59 Let s Get It On Goals Yield? Diseases? Height? Fertilizer use? Irrigation efficiency? Color? Alpha & Beta?

60 What would Butch Cassidy do? Maybe breweries would want buy a hop I develop Butch Cassidy, co-owner of Cassidy Hop Ranches

61 What would Butch Cassidy do?

62 Butch Cassidy Ranches, 1 st and 2 nd year trellis BC199

63 Crosby farms Butch Cassidy Ranches, advanced lines

64 Handfamilycompanies.com BC199 samples in the kettle

65 BC199 is good, brewers want the hops What should happen to these BC199 plants? a) Sell some to neighbors so anyone can grow them b) Patent the plants so I can control what happens to them

66 Noble Mt. Hood, Hall. Mfr. Fuggle, Strisselspalter, Sp. Select Spalter, Saazer, Tettnanger Northern Brewer Hall. Tradition, Perle Northern Brewer, Challenger, Vojvodina, Viking First Gold, Zenith Some Alpha Yeoman Horizon H. yunnanensis H. japonicus H. lupulus NA-EU Cascade Brewer s Gold, Galena, Columbus, Chinook Cluster Source: Seefelder et al., 2000

67 Principles of Parent Selection It would behoove hop breeders to maximize heterozygosity when developing new varieties. -J. Henning et al., 2004

68 Why breed hops in MN?

70 1401 Brewer s Gold 19173M

71 1401 Brewer s Gold BB1 (Manitoba)?

72 M Strisselspalter Cluster seedling

73 1401 Brewer s Gold 19173M BB1 (Manitoba)? Strisselspalter Cluster seedling Objective: something like Brewer s Gold, but easier to pick.

74 Noble Mt. Hood, Hall. Mfr. Fuggle, Strisselspalter, Sp. Select Spalter, Saazer, Tettnanger Northern Brewer Hall. Tradition, Perle Northern Brewer, Challenger, Vojvodina, Viking First Gold, Zenith Some Alpha Yeoman Horizon H. yunnanensis H. japonicus H. lupulus Source: Seefelder et al., 2000

75 H. yunnanensis H. japonicus H. lupulus Source: Seefelder et al., 2000 NA-EU Cascade Brewer s Gold, Galena, Columbus, Chinook Cluster Source: Seefelder et al., 2000

76 Selecting hops for Ohio Equinox Citra Mosaic Simcoe Amarillo Ahtanum Hull Melon Hallertau Blanc Nelson Sauvin Yakima Gold Cashmere Tahoma Triple Pearl Newport Mandarina Bavaria Jaryllo Azacca El Dorado Equinox Belma Delta Galaxy Lemon Drop 2016 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

Selecting hops for Indiana Equinox Citra Mosaic Simcoe Amarillo Ahtanum Hull Melon Hallertau Blanc Nelson Sauvin Yakima Gold Cashmere Tahoma Triple Pearl Newport

77 Selecting hops for Indiana Equinox Citra Mosaic Simcoe Amarillo Ahtanum Hull Melon Hallertau Blanc Nelson Sauvin Yakima Gold Cashmere Tahoma Triple Pearl Newport Mandarina Bavaria Jaryllo Azacca El Dorado Equinox Belma Delta Galaxy Lemon Drop USDA & WSU Private breeding 2016 Regents of the University of Minnesota. All rights reserved.

78 From U to You Pre-stratified, ready to germinate hop breeding starter kit What I plan to do with 1403 Select vigorous females with high yield potential for further evaluation. Early maturation?

79 From U to You Pre-stratified, ready to germinate hop breeding starter kit What I plan to do with 1403 Select vigorous females with high yield potential for further evaluation. Early maturation? Select a vigorous, floriferous, disease-tolerant male for further breeding Challenger Yeoman

80 Days with rainfall >0.1 (%, since 1981) 40% 35% Traverse City MI Salem OR Yakima WA 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep Source: Western Regional Climate Center, wrcc.dri.edu

81 Days with rainfall >0.1 (%, since 1981) 40% 35% Marysville OH Salem OR Yakima WA 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep Source: Western Regional Climate Center, wrcc.dri.edu

82 Days with rainfall >0.1 (%, since 1981) 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% Salem OR Yakima WA 0% 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep Source: Western Regional Climate Center, wrcc.dri.edu

83 Days with rainfall >0.1 (%, since 1981) 40% 35% Grand Rapids MI Salem OR Yakima WA 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 1-Apr 1-May 1-Jun 1-Jul 1-Aug 1-Sep Source: Western Regional Climate Center, wrcc.dri.edu

84 Tips Healthy mother = better germination Old seed = difficult germination

Market research. Hop production practices from hop producers. Market demand of hops: current and desired from brewers

Market research. Hop production practices from hop producers. Market demand of hops: current and desired from brewers Market research Part of 3 year Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food study of Hop Varieties, Growing Techniques, Market Demand and Value Chain design. Objectives: Hop production practices from hop producers