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1 Bunch Rot Disease Management Your headline here in Calibri. Larry Bettiga Viticulture Advisor Monterey, Santa Cruz and San Benito Counties Simple text is best. Don t read from your slides.

2 Grapevine Disease Control Pathogen biology Environmental factors Vine susceptibility factors Understanding how to optimize control tools

3 Which Rot? Botrytis rot Most common in coastal vineyards Botrytis cinerea Summer/Sour Rot More common in hotter production areas of CA A complex of several organisms Aspergillus Alternaria Cladosporium Rhizopus Penicillium Becomes sour when yeast and bacteria colonize the rot

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5 Botrytis Bunch Rot Botrytis cinerea

6 Botrytis Germination and Infection Temperature range 0-30 ºC (32-86 ºF) - can occur ºC (59-77 ºF) - broadly optimal ºC (64-68 ºF) - ideal Favored by the presence of free water Can occur in the absence of water when RH is above 93% for extended periods Requires a nutrient source

7 Botrytis Bunch Rot Cycle

8 Overwintering Botrytis

9 Botrytis Spring Infections

10 Pinot Leaf Curl

11 Photo: M Longbottom, University of Adelaide

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13 Points of Infection for Botrytis

14 Factors Critical in Botrytis Severity Pathogen factors Inoculum as influenced by sources within the vineyard Varietal susceptibility Cluster architecture Berry maturation Bunch crowding Canopy density Berry wounds Vine factors Environmental Weather (and time interval) between veraison and harvest Microclimate in the fruit zone Practices that influence canopy density and berry compaction

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16 Bunch rot: Botrytis cinerea Management Canopy management trellis design; shoot thinning, leaf removal and hedging Sanitation removal of sclerotia Nutrient management Irrigation management Manage insect, powdery mildew, and bird damage Fungicides apply at the appropriate times based on seasonal conditions

17 Optimum timing for leaf removal for Botrytis control After fruit set is complete Optimizes the wax development Reduces sunburn risk Improves spray coverage

18 Botrytis Bunch Rot, Chardonnay, 1989 Ratings 4 and 8 days following rain

19 (Emmett et al. 1994)

20 Resistance

21 Botrytis Fungicides for Grape Phthalamides Anilinopyrimidines Hydroxyanilides Captan (M4) Carbamates Dithane (M3) Benzimidazoles Topsin (1) Vangard Scala (9) Dicarboximides Rovral (2) SDHI Boscalid Fluopyram (7) Elevate (17) Combination Switch (9,12) Inspire Super (3, 9) Luna Experience (3, 7) Luna Tranquility (7,9) Pristine (7, 11) Biological Serenade Sonata (44)

22 2011 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster Untreated Control - 56 a 6.1 a Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 34 b 3.5 b Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 29 bcd 1.5 bc Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 28 bcd 2.0 bc Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 24 bcd 1.6 bc Elevate 1 lb Serenade Max 2 lb B PC, V 24 bcd 1.5 bc Scala 18 fl oz B, PC, V 21 bcd 1.5 bc Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 18 cd 1.4 bc Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 16 d 1.0 c

23 2012 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster Untreated Control - 58 a 14.4 a Rovral 1 lb + Stylet Oil 1% B, PC, V 60 a 13.3 a Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 40 bcd 9.8 abc Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 45 abc 9.2 abcd Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 39 bcd 8.1 bcd Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 36 bcd 6.9 bcde Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 36 bcd 4.2 de Merivon 8 fl oz Vangard 10 oz B, V PC 27 de 4.2 de Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 18 e 2.1 e

24 2013 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster Untreated Control - 62 a 12.6 a Inspire Super 20 fl oz B, PC, V 45 abcd 7.6 bcd Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 36 bcdefg 5.2 cdefgh Pristine 23 oz B, PC, V 34 bcdefg 4.9 cdefgh Switch 14 oz B, PC, V 27 efg 3.3 efgh Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 26 fg 3.2 efgh Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 24 g 2.9 fgh Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz B, PC, V 25 fg 2.4 gh Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz Serenade Optimum 1 lb B, V PC 27 efg 2.3 h

25 2014 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster Untreated Control - 92 a 20.4 a Taegro Eco 5.2 oz B, PC, V 74 b 12.6 b Serenade Optimum 1 lb B, PC, V 68 b 12.6 b Vangard 10 oz Elevate 1 lb B, V PC 66 b 10.5 b Regalia 2 qt B, PC, V 65 b 10.8 b Pristine 23 oz Elevate 1 lb B, V PC 64 b 12.2 b Botector B, PC, V 64 b 9.6 b Luna Exp 8fl oz/ Serenade Opt 1 lb/ Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz B/ PC/ V 63 b 10.8 b Switch 14 oz Taegro Eco 5.2 oz B, V PC 61 b 8.9 b Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, PC, V 58 b 9.0 b

26 2015 Botrytis Evaluation - Riesling Incidence Severity Treatment Timing % Rotten Clusters % Rotten berries per cluster Untreated Control - 16 a 1.30 a Fracture 24.4 fl oz / Vangard 10 oz / Elevate 1 lb Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz Serenade Optimum 1 lb Vangard 10 oz / Fracture 24.4 fl oz / Elevate 1 lb B/ V/ PC 9 b 0.61 b B, V PC 7 bc 0.42 b B/ V/ PC 5 bc 0.42 b Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz B, V, PC 5 bc 0.32 b Luna Experience 8 fl oz B, V, PC 5 bc 0.32 b Luna Tranquility 12 fl oz B, V, PC 4 bc 0.25 b Pristine 23 oz B, PV Switch 14 oz V 4 bc 0.40 b Vangard 10 oz B, PC, V 4 bc 0.24 b Luna Tranquility 16 fl oz B, PC, V 3 bc 0.16 b Elevate 1 lb B, PC, V 2 c 0.07 b

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