Mealybug Species. Vine Mealybug. Grape and Obscure Mealybugs. Longtailed Mealybug. Pink Hibiscus Mealybug. Gills Mealybug

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1 Vine Mealybug: Managing a Key Grape Pest Walt Bentley, Kent Danne, David Haviland, Steve Vasquez, Andrew Molinar University of California, Cooperative Extension

2 Mealybug Species Vine Mealybug Grape and Obscure Mealybugs Longtailed Mealybug Pink Hibiscus Mealybug Gills Mealybug

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4 Grape mealybug Vine mealybug

5 Leaf Role Virus Symptoms on Red- Red leaves in fall Fruited Grapes Rolled under leaves Lack of coloring Delayed maturity Smaller clusters, lower productivity

6 Vine Mealybug An Invasive Exotic Pest of Grapes in California

7 Grape mealybug Distribution

8 Infested Nursery Plants

9 Monitoring for Mealybug

10 Seasonal Development of Vine Mealybug in Central San Joaquin Valley October November Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Movement to roots adults Immatures under bark December Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root January All stages Moving up vine February September August Movement to Clusters Mixed stages throughout h t vine, male Mixed generation, possibly 4th Mixed and 3rd generation, Cluster infest, male July All Stages 2nd Generation Mature, Immatures, crawlers to males active leaf, 2nd early May generation June All Stages Male flying late May April Bloom March

11 Vine Root Searches 2001, Live Vine Mealybug Count Crwls /26 7/12 6/28 6/14 5/31 5/17 5/3 4/19 4/5 3/22 3/8 2/22 2/8 1/25 1/11 12/28 12/14 11/30 11/16 11/2

12 Vine Mealybug Movement from Spurs 3/11-3/29 3/ Vine Mealybug/Spur 50 Degrees F 60 Degrees F 70 Degrees F

13 Vine Mealybug Movement from Incubation to Room Temperature Degrees F 60 Degrees F 70 Degrees F Vine Mealybug/Spur

14 Vine Mealybug, Crawlers/Spur Through h Winter Crawlers/spur Dec. 11 Jan. 1 Jan. 18 Feb. 1 Feb. 15

15 Vine Mealybug on Leaves(June 20) Following Insecticide id Spray Immatures/leaf Adults/leaf Untreated Applaud 5/11 Movento 5/11

16 Vine Mealybug Crawler and Male Seasonal Activity i 2008 Crawler-immature/Leaf Female/ Leaf Males/trap /3 4/26 4/19 4/12 6/7 5/31 5/24 5/17 5/10 7/5 6/28 6/21 6/14

17 Mealybug Insecticide Trials

18 A listing of Contact insecticides QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. From: Danne, Yokota, and Bentley, July 2008

19 Materials and Methods Uniformly infested vineyard Sanger CA Trial: 7 treatments, 5 blocks, 3 individual vine replicates/treatment 2 Pesticides: Applaud (12 oz/ac) and Lorsban (4 pts/ac) + Control 3 Applications: fall (Oct. 14, 2004), spring (Mar. 3, 2005), doubled application in both fall and spring on the same vine

20 Cluster Damage from VMB Damaged Clusters due to Vine Mealybug 100 a* b b b bc bc c 80 Perc cent Control F & S Spring Fall Fall Spring F & S Applaud Applaud Applaud Lorsban Lorsban Lorsban Treatments *Fisher's protected LSD Test

21 Cluster Damage Severity Cluster Damage Severity due to Vine Mealybug a** b b bc bc bc c Control Spring Applaud *scale: 0 = no damage to 3 = total loss. F & S Applaud Fall Applaud Treatments Fall Lorsban Spring Lorsban F & S Lorsban **Fisher's s protected LSD Test

22 Winter Crawler location

23 Post Harvest (8/28/06) Insecticide Application (From Haviland and Buckey, Kern County UCCE 2008) d bc bc b ab ab a cd Brigade WSB Applaud 70DF Venom 70WSG Assail 30SG Lorsban 4E Sevin XLR Movento 2SC Untreated 0 VMB/3 minute search (5/20/2007) /

24 Applaud Timing Trial, Vine Mealybug, Thomson Seedless, Number/10 Untreated Untreated 2 3/23/2007, 0 4/12/ cm 4/21/2007, 17.8 cm 5/3/2007, 16.5 cm

25 Stem Cross Section

26 Choolgian Vine Mealybug Flood vs Drip Treatments Imidacloprid, Percent Infested flood Percent infested Drip Control June April April/June May

27 Vine Mealybug Systemic Trial 2008, Treated 6/5 and Sampled 7/2 Number infested/5 Severity of Infested Untreated Admire Pro 14 oz Platinum 3.67 oz Venom 6 oz

28 Vine MB Inseason Controls, Reading 8/21, c d b a a a Applaud 5/11 Applaud 5/11+ 6/25 Applaud 6/25 Movento 5/11 Movento 6/25 Untreated 0 Clusters Infested/10

29 Effects of Various Insecticides (6/30) on Vine Mealybug Infestation (7/25) 3 Control 2.5 Movento 8 oz 2 Movento 8 oz +Dyne Amic 1.5 Movento 8 oz + Pentetrator 1 Movento 8 oz + Break Thru Clutch 3.75 oz 0 Clusters infested/5 sampled Assail 2 oz

30 Vine mealybug Biological Control

31 Integrating the Management Important to preserve biological control Chemical control is necessary Integration involves the product and when it is applied. Selective (harmful to target but not biocontrol) Applaud, Admire, Movento, Platinum, Oils Non Selective Assail, Lannate, Dimethoate, Diazinon, Lorsban, Sevin Timing is Selective Lorsban in Spring but not post harvest Other techniques

32 Seasonal Development of Vine Mealybug in Central San Joaquin Valley October November Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Movement to roots adults Immatures under bark December Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root Crawlers on Vine, and mature Stages on root January All stages Moving up vine February September August Movement to Clusters Mixed stages throughout h t vine, male Mixed generation, possibly 4th Mixed and 3rd generation, Cluster infest, male July All Stages 2nd Generation Mature, Immatures, crawlers to males active leaf, 2nd early May generation June All Stages Male flying late May April Bloom March

33 Vine Mealybug Crawler and Male Seasonal Activity i 2008 Crawler-immature/Leaf Female/ Leaf Males/trap /3 4/26 4/19 4/12 6/7 5/31 5/24 5/17 5/10 7/5 6/28 6/21 6/14

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36 Vine Mealybug Trapping and Mating Confusion

37 Isomate Mating Disruption, Vine Mealybug Seasonal Flight Control 5cm (16g) 20 cm (64g) Apr Apr May May Jun Jun Jun Jul Jul Aug Aug Sep Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov

38 Vineyard Worker Education

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40 Spur and VMB Counts Presence of Vine Mealybug on Spur Samples Jan 19 Jan 26 Feb 01 Feb 10 Feb 16 Feb 23 Mar 02 Mar 09 Mar 16 Mar 23 Mar 30 Date