Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys)

Transcription

1 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Napa Continuing Education Class Nov. 3, 2015 Chuck Ingels UC Cooperative Extension, Sacramento County

2 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Photos: Baldo Villegas

3 Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Halyomorpha halys) Native to East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan) A crop pest in its native range and here Found in Allentown, PA 1996, ID d 2001 Household nuisance pest in fall, winter Host list currently 170 spp., likely to rise

4 Current distribution in USA Source:

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6 BMSB Finds Sacramento County Jan. 1, 2014 Dec. 31, 2014

7 BMSB in Sac. County Oct. 2015

8 Actual adult size 1/2 to 5/8 inch Adult Smooth shoulder edges Two white bands on antennae Banded legs Rust color with broad brown markings Photo: UC IPM Banded abdominal edge extending beyond wings Mature nymph (5 th instar)

9 20-30 eggs (often 28) Nymph (3 rd of 5) Adult

10 Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB Rough stink bug BMSB

11 Rough Stink Bug vs. BMSB Two points Rough Rough stink bug BMSB Blunt Smooth Narrower angle Wider angle

12 Consperse Stink Bug vs. BMSB Consperse stink bug BMSB Solid brown Marble color 1/2 inch long 5/8 inch long

13 Aggregation Season (late summer), Pennsylvania Photos: Tracy Leskey

14 Aggregation Behavior Photos: Tracy Leskey

15 BMSB An Arboreal Species

16 Sacramento March 2014 Downspout Under bark

17 Host Plants Crops Stone fruits (esp. peach), pome fruits Berries Grapes (not a major host) Eggplant, tomato, okra, pepper, corn, beans, sunflower

18 Host Plants Selected Ornamentals Butterfly bush Catalpa Chinese pistache Elm Fruiting mulberry Holly Maple Princess tree (Paulownia) Pyracantha Redbud Tree of heaven Waxleaf privet Wisteria

19 Trident Maple Acer buergerianum

20 Waxleaf Privet Ligustrum japonicum

21 Chinese Pistache Pistachia chinensis

22 Tree of Heaven Ailanthus altissima

23 Stink Bug Feeding

24 BMSB Damage, 2014 Peach 5/22 Apricot 6/23 Nectarine 6/3 6/11 Asian pear 7/2 Plum 7/2 (no damage)

25 First Sign of Damage in Fair Oaks July 11, 2015

26 On Persimmons Sept. 2015

27 On Apples Sept. 2015

28 Grapevines Near Fruit Trees Few BMSB Seen, No Damage June 2015 Severe leafhopper, powdery mildew damage

29 Trunk Feeding and Damage Cherry Sept. 2015

30 Trunk Feeding and Damage Orange Sept. 2015

31 Trunk Feeding and Damage Shamel ash Sept Crape myrtle Sept. 2015

32 BMSB in Grape Early September 2010 Photos courtesy of Doug Pfeiffer and Dean Polk

33 BMSB in Vineyards Avenues of Potential Economic Impact Direct injury to grapes Introduction of rots, other pathogens» Aborted berries, necrosis Contamination of wine at crush Nuisance in wine tasting rooms

34 BMSB eggs on Cabernet Sauvignon in Maryland Photo: J.. Fiola 9/2010

35 BMSB in Vineyards Enter vineyards from forests or riparian areas Harvest of nearby crops may force migration to vineyards Monitor vineyard edges Both adults and nymphs cause damage Hard to find in clusters Worst damage after veraison

36 Will BMSB be Problematic in Calif. Vineyards? Grapes not a preferred host Mainly edge effect Where they may be worse:» Small blocks (large area/edge ratio)» Bordered by forest or susceptible crops/species» Harvest of nearby infested crops» Later varieties (esp. mid-sept. on)» White varieties worse than reds» Mechanical harvest worse than hand picked

37 BMSB Grape Damage Trial Vaughn Walton, OSU (2012) Pinot Noir Exclusion cages 0, 1, and 2 adult males/cage 1 wk. of feeding 3 feeding periods 10 replicates Photo: V. Walton Mean of 14% crop wt. reduction Berry abscission with early feeding

38 Percent Berries Compromised Vaughn Walton, OSU (2012) a ab ab b

39 Research on Stink Bug Taint in Juice/Wine Defensive compounds: trans-2-decenal and trans-2-octenal Photo: Joe Fiola

40 Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint Univ. of Maryland, 2010 (Joe Fiola): 5-10 BMSB/lug: Perceptible aroma in juice No distinguishable taint in juice after 4 months BMSB per lug: Perceptible aroma during red fermentation No distinguishable aroma in wine following fermentation and racking

41 Summary of Sensory on Stink Bug Taint Oregon State University Pinot Noir (Tomasino et al., 2013 ASEV abstracts) Treatments: 1) 1 bug per four clusters, 2) 1 bug per two clusters, 3) no bugs Distinct aroma detected - BMSB excreted defensive compounds during destemming & pressing Resulting wines had more trans-2-decenal Difference testing (triangle tests): T1 and T2 wines were perceived as different from the control

42 BMSB Traps Dead-Inn Traps (AgBio, Inc.) Grower 48 tall, $30 Professional 24 tall, $20 Homeowner 16 tall, $17

43 $17 Phermone Traps Rocket Trap (Rescue)

44 2014 (66 mg) Lures 2014 AgBio (66 mg) 2015 (123 mg) 2014 Rescue (123 mg)

45 Understanding BMSB Pheromones Two Main Lure Types 1. Pheromone lures (USDA #10 and #20)» Harlequin bug pheromone nearly identical 2. Synergist = methyl decatrienoate (MDT) Best used in combination

46 BMSB Seasonal Development Model Development temperature thresholds:» Lower: 57F Upper: 97F Complete generation: 1107DD (Rutgers)» 968 DD (egg to adult) DD (to egg laying) First eggs found in 2014: May 5 (1 st in U.S.)» 2 nd gen. eggs start July 23 (2 generations)» 3 rd gen. eggs start Sept. 25 insufficient time Likely 3 generations in Kern County

47 17-Mar 31-Mar 14-Apr 28-Apr 12-May 26-May 9-Jun 23-Jun 7-Jul 21-Jul 4-Aug 18-Aug 1-Sep 15-Sep 29-Sep No./trap/day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Avg. of 4 traps, Adults First eggs: May 5 Predicted 2nd gen. eggs Nymphs 2 0

48 2-Mar 16-Mar 30-Mar 13-Apr 27-Apr 11-May 25-May 8-Jun 22-Jun 6-Jul 20-Jul 3-Aug 17-Aug 31-Aug 14-Sep 28-Sep No./trap/day Adults and Nymphs Trapped Avg. of 4 traps, Adults First eggs: April 17 Predicted 2nd gen. eggs Nymphs

49 2-Mar 16-Mar 30-Mar 13-Apr 27-Apr 11-May 25-May 8-Jun 22-Jun 6-Jul 20-Jul 3-Aug 17-Aug 31-Aug 14-Sep 28-Sep No./trap/day Adults and Nymphs Trapped 7 traps with highest counts, Adults First eggs: April 17 Predicted 2nd gen. eggs Nymphs

50 2014 Trap Locations & Counts Adults/Nymphs 64/ /155 x 90/691 11/9 7/7 0/0 22/98 3/4 0/0

51 Insecticide Efficacy Field Study (Leskey et al., 2013) High mortality on day of application: Endosulfan (e.g., Thiodan), methomyl (Lannate), thiamethoxam (Actara), and bifenthrin (e.g., Brigade) Fenpropathrin (Danitol) and dinetofuran (Venom, Scorpion): strong anti-feeding effect for 7+ days Peaches in Mid-Atlantic: weekly applications, alternate-row, late May-harvest using pyrethroids and neonicotinoids Effective insecticides in lab: only 60% average mortality in the field when applied late early July, 40% in Aug., and 20% in September

52 2015 Orchard Spray Bulletin (BMSB) Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland Products that have shown good effectiveness:» Pyrethroids: Baythroid XL, Danitol, Warrior II, products containing permethrin (e.g. Pounce)» Neonicotinoid: Belay» Carbamate: Lannate» Premixtures: Endigo ZC, Leverage 360» Section 18: Bifenture/Brigade, Venom/Scorpion Not a California recommendation

53 2015 Spray Guide for Commercial Vineyards Coop. Extension: Virginia, W. Virginia, and Maryland 3 rd cover spray (pre-bunch closure)» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP, or Malathion 8F 4 th cover spray (after veraison)» Scorpion 35 SL, Actara 25WDG, Assail 70WP, Venom 70, Belay 50WDG, or Malathion 5EC Harvest spray (day before harvest):» Belay or Pyganic (org.) Not a California recommendation

54 Alternative BMSB Management Penn. State Univ., Rutgers Univ. Border applications Use strong residual products Treat surrounding vegetation, if feasible Alternative crop plantings Possible trap crops (e.g., beans, Paulownia trees) Spray trap crops

55 Organically Acceptable Insecticides Partial to fairly good control of nymphs only: Pyrethrum Azadirachtin Spinosad Sabadilla Insecticidal soap Combinations

56 Current BMSB Lures - Constantly Evolving AgBio Combo, includes other bugs Rescue Trece 1 combined lure

57 2015 Lure Study In AgBio Dead-Inn Traps (Homeowner Model) Initial 3/tree (too close) Later 1/tree

58 No. of BMSB/trap/week Lure Comparison, Sept. 1-28, 2015 Avg. of 2-3 traps each in tree of heaven AgBio Rescue Trece 10 0 Adults Nymphs Adults Nymphs Inside traps Outside traps

59 2015 BMSB Trap Study In Tree of Heaven, Sacramento AgBio Homeowner model Double-cone trap (Trece) Sticky trap (AgBio)

60 Double-Cone Trap (Original) 1-gal. plastic jar Cone-shaped screen on either side Hole for entry Wire on top to hold on tree (doesn t secure well)

61 Double-Cone Trap (Trece)

62 Sticky Trap (AgBio) Birds & rodents picked off the bugs

63 AgBio Homeowner Trap BMSB outside traps, 9/1/15

64 2015 BMSB Trap Type Study Sacramento, Avg. of 2 weeks (9/21 9/28) (Trece lure used in all traps)

65 Trap Crop Study 2015 Sunflower & sorghum seeds planted in ring around three 10 x20 garden plots on 4/14 Large numbers of BMSB found on sunflowers, far fewer on sorghum BMSB are easy to see on sunflower, can be easily killed

66 Trap Crop Study 2015 May June

67 June 2015 Sept. 2015

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69 Assassin bug Predators Astata sp. (R. Henderson) Carabid beetle (C. Pickett)

70 Biological Control? Foreign exploration done by USDA Egg parasitoids - Trissolcus spp. Testing at 4 sites, incl. UCR Possible release in Calif. in 2017 Gymnosoma par

71 Questions? Important Web Sites StopBMSB.org ucipm.ucdavis.edu cesacramento.ucanr.edu