Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Baiting and Trapping. Hannah Lee Dr. Gerard Krewer Dr. Elke Weibelzahl

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1 Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Baiting and Trapping Hannah Lee Dr. Gerard Krewer Dr. Elke Weibelzahl

2 Introduction to SWD Infest marketable fruit Short life cycle-up to 10 generations of flies per crop growing season. Female lays up to 300 eggs in her life time. Drosophila suzukii A new, invasive species of fruit fly -originated in Asia - arrived in California spread to East coast US 2011

3 Economic Damage caused by SWD $511 million annual loss blueberry, strawberry and cherry crops in California, Washington and Oregon $9-14 million loss Georgia blueberry farmers $7-10 million loss Florida blueberry farmers

4 Difficulties with Insecticides Insecticides must be applied shortly before the fruit ripens Expensive and pre-harvest interval (PHI) Risk SWD develop resistance to insecticides with over usage

5 SWD Traps Monitor for SWD presence Determine when to spray insecticides

6 Gold Standard SWD Baits - Apple cider vinegar (ACV) with drop detergent Pherocon - commercial lure produced by Trece - Pheromone based lure advertised to last 7-8 weeks

7 Materials and Methods 7 Baits #1 - Distilled water #2 Apple cider vinegar (ACV) #3 New blueberry wine (BB) #4 - BB wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #5 - Organic red grape wine (store bought) #6 - Organic red grape wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #7 - Pherocon lure suspended above ACV -125 ml total liquid per bait -1 drop dishwashing detergent/trap -Each trap 10 ft. from its neighbor

8 New Blueberry Wine Production 30 lbs reject culled blueberries 4 lb bag sugar 4 oz jar dry active yeast Ferment at least 2 weeks Filter

9 Materials and Methods 7 Baits #1 - Distilled water #2 Apple cider vinegar (ACV) #3 New blueberry wine (BB) #4 - BB wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #5 - Organic red grape wine (store bought) #6 - Organic red grape wine + ACV (1:1 ratio) #7 - Pherocon lure suspended above ACV -125 ml total liquid per bait -1 drop dishwashing detergent/trap -Each trap 10 ft. from its neighbor

10 Materials and Methods Blueberry and Blackberry farm 10 regions around the farm 7 different bait samples per each station -> 70 traps Traps checked weekly for SWD, for 5 weeks Bait solutions changed weekly, except for Pherocon lures, as advertised to last 7-8 weeks

11 Results Number of Fruit Flies Number Fruit Flies for All Weeks Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine +ACV Red Wine Red Wine + ACV 1510 *Pherocon Lure + ACV

12 SWD Identification Male Single dark spot each wing 2 black sex combs per foreleg Unbroken abdominal bands Female Prominent double serrated ovipositor Unbroken abdominal bands

13 Total Number SWD per Bait Total Number SWD per Bait for All Weeks WATER ACV BB Wine BB +ACV Red Wine Red Wine&ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV Percentage (%) Percentage (%) of Fruit Flies that are SWD in each Bait Water ACV BB Wine BB +ACV Red Wine Red Wine&ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV

14 160 Total Number and Percentage (%) of Male and Female SWDs 140 (65%) 143 Male SWD 120 FemaleSWD Number of SWD (35%) 76 (39%) 60 (61%) 94 (30%) 45 (70%) 105 (46%) (54%) 72 (59%) (41%) (100%) 1 0 (48%) 15 (52%) 16 Water ACV BB Wine BB WINE +ACV Red Wine Red Wine + ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV

15 Number of SWD per Week Number of SWD per Week Week #1 Week #2 Week #3 Week #4 Week # Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine+ACV Red Wine Red Wine+ACV Pherocon Lure + ACV

16 Cost of Mass Trapping $ $90.00 $89.13 Cost/Square Acre/Week $80.00 $70.00 $60.00 $50.00 $40.00 $30.00 $51.04 $49.46 $20.00 $10.00 $- $2.78 $12.96 $8.70 $10.83 Water ACV BB Wine BB WINE +ACV Red Wine Red Wine + ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV

17 Number SWD Trapped per Dollar Spent Cost Effectiveness Water ACV BB Wine BB Wine +ACV 2.4 Red Wine Red Wine + ACV *Pherocon Lure + ACV

18 Conclusion Ineffective vs. Effective Traps: ACV -Was the worst group In trapping SWDs Pherocon Lure - Inefficient in trapping SWDs - Lower Percentage of female SWDs - Effectiveness falls after 1 week -Expensive Blueberry Wine -Trapped the most SWDs -Caught the most females -Effective throughout 5 weeks -Inexpensive

19 Future Applications Could new blueberry wine be used for mass trapping to help control a population of SWD on a blueberry farm? Could farmers of other SWD vulnerable crops make their own new wines from their crops to use as effective SWD bait?

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22 Summation Data of All 5 Weeks