Climate Limitations and Vineyards in Arizona

Transcription

1 Climate Limitations and Vineyards in Arizona Arizona Grape Growers Symposium March 23, 2018 Jeremy Weiss Climate and Geospatial Extension Scientist School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Marie-Blanche Roudaut Research Associate Institute of the Environment Arid Lands Resource Sciences University of Arizona 2 1

2 / rapid sugar influx to and 3 Temperature drives vine phenology. / rapid sugar influx to and 4 2

3 5 fieldnotesbrand.com/products/original-kraft / rapid sugar influx to and 6 3

4 Except for January and May, aboveaverage temperatures occurred during the first six months of relative to normal 7 wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/archive.php January-June average temperatures have been above normal in most years since 1990 in Cochise and Yavapai counties. relative to normal 8 wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/time 4

5 So far in 2018, temperatures were well above normal in January, and about or above normal in February. relative to normal 9 wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/archive.php The seasonal outlook shows 60-70% probability of above-normal temperatures from April through June

6 Warmer temperatures can advance early growth stages of the vine, like,, and can advance can advance / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 12 6

7 can advance can advance / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 13 can advance can advance Is this an issue for winegrape growing? / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 14 7

8 What s a common worry for growers at this time of year? 15 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 16 8

9 On average, the date of the last freeze occurs in April for much of the Sonoita and Willcox AVAs. 17 The goal at this time of the year is to not have sub-freezing temperatures negatively affect the vineyard. 18 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 9

10 The goal at this time of the year is to not have sub-freezing temperatures negatively affect the vineyard. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning sprayable products frost protection wind machines, irrigation, vineyard floor management 19 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx The goal at this time of the year is to not have sub-freezing temperatures negatively affect the vineyard. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning sprayable products frost protection wind machines, irrigation, vineyard floor management For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid locations prone to pooling of cold air variety selection later,, and 20 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 10

11 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 21 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance Has phenology or have freezing temperatures changed more quickly? / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 22 11

12 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance Has late frost risk increased or decreased in recent decades? / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 23 Since 1948, last dates of sub-freezing temperatures range from early March to early May in Sonoita and Willcox. relative to normal 24 data: TopoWx (Oyler et al. 2014) 12

13 The goal at this time of the year is to not have sub-freezing temperatures negatively affect the vineyard. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning sprayable products frost protection wind machines, irrigation, vineyard floor management Is there increasing or decreasing risk of freezing temperatures? For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid locations prone to pooling of cold air variety selection later,, and 25 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx The goal at this time of the year is to not have sub-freezing temperatures negatively affect the vineyard. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning sprayable products frost protection wind machines, irrigation, vineyard floor management For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid locations prone to pooling of cold air variety selection later,, and Is there increasing or decreasing risk of freezing temperatures? For homework: climate data Jeremy Weiss phenological data winegrape growers 26 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 13

14 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance / can advance rapid sugar influx to and 27 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield can advance excessive heat can reduce skin-derived aroma, color, and flavor components, especially with / red varietals excessive heat can reduce acid and rapid sugar influx to and increase sugar to levels that negatively affect the balance of 28table wines can advance 14

15 Anthocyanins, which aid in tannin retention, wine color, and wine aging, are lower at grape maturity under warmer ripening temperatures ( F) 29 Barnuud et al. (2014) Int J Biometeorol. The amount of heat during the ripening period is important

16 Temperatures were about average in 2017 for the months of July, August, and September. relative to normal 31 wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/archive.php July-September average temperatures have been above normal in most years since the mid-1990s in Cochise and Yavapai counties. relative to normal 32 wrcc.dri.edu/wwdt/time 16

17 The seasonal outlook shows 50-60% probability of above-normal temperatures this The goal at this time of the year is to not have excessively warm temperatures negatively affect grape quality at. 34 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 17

18 The goal at this time of the year is to not have excessively warm temperatures negatively affect grape quality at. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning, sprays canopy management lower leaf-area-to-fruit ratio early prevent acid-sugar imbalance, undesirable ph 35 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx The goal at this time of the year is to not have excessively warm temperatures negatively affect grape quality at. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning, sprays canopy management lower leaf-area-to-fruit ratio early prevent acid-sugar imbalance, undesirable ph For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid southerly and westerly aspects variety selection later ripening 36 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 18

19 can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield / excessive heat can reduce enzyme activity and skinderived aroma, color, and flavor components, especially with red varietals excessive heat can reduce acid and rapid sugar influx to and increase sugar to levels that negatively affect the balance of 37table wines can advance can advance / excessive heat can reduce acid and rapid sugar influx to and increase sugar to levels that negatively affect the balance of 38table wines can advance can advance can advance freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield Will advanced and accelerated growth stages move ripening to a hotter time of year? excessive heat can reduce enzyme activity and skinderived aroma, color, and flavor components, especially with red varietals 19

20 The earlier the, the warmer the temperatures during the ripening period. date previous 30-day average temperature ( F) Sonoita Willcox August August September September October averages 39 data: TopoWx (Oyler et al. 2014) The goal at this time of the year is to not have excessively warm temperatures negatively affect grape quality at. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning, sprays canopy management lower leaf-area-to-fruit ratio early prevent acid-sugar imbalance, undesirable ph For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid southerly and westerly aspects variety selection later ripening Is there increasing risk of impacts during ripening from warmer temperatures? 40 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx 20

21 The goal at this time of the year is to not have excessively warm temperatures negatively affect grape quality at. For existing vineyards: delay late pruning, sprays canopy management lower leaf-area-to-fruit ratio early prevent acid-sugar imbalance, undesirable ph For prospective vineyards: site selection avoid southerly and westerly aspects variety selection later ripening Is there increasing risk of impacts during ripening from warmer temperatures? For homework: climate data Jeremy Weiss phenological data winegrape growers 41 ag.purdue.edu/agricultures/pages/throughthegrapevine/05-climatechange.aspx / extreme cold can damage or kill vines freezing temperatures can limit hardening processes excessive heat can reduce acid and rapid sugar influx to and increase sugar to levels that negatively affect the balance of 42table wines freezing temperatures can reduce vineyard yield excessive heat can reduce enzyme activity and skinderived aroma, color, and flavor components, especially with red varietals can advance can advance can advance 21

22 How are variations and changes in climate impacting vineyards in Arizona? Contact Jeremy Weiss Climate and Geospatial Scientist University of Arizona Cooperative Extension Marie-Blanche Roudaut Research Associate University of Arizona Institute of the Environment 43 22