Electronic supplementary material

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1 Electronic supplementary material Modeling the global distribution of fungal species: new insights into microbial cosmopolitanism Hirotoshi Sato (H. Sato), Riyou Tsujino (R. Tsujino), Kazuki Kurita (K. Kurita), Kazumasa Yokoyama (K. Yokoyama), Kiyokazu Agata (K. Agata) Contents Supplemental tables Table S1 Site descriptions, location, and altitude of 12 study sites. Table S2 Voucher information, name of operational taxonomical unit (OTU), nutritional guild (ectomycorrhizal [ECM] or saprotrophic [SAP]) and GenBank accession number for fungal materials used in this study. Table S3 GenBank accession number of sequence that yielded 97% sequence identity with those determined for fungi in Yakushima. Table S4 Estimated means, SDs, and 95 % credible intervals of the occurrence probabilities of operational taxonomical units found in Yakushima at each segment for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Table S5 Estimated means, SDs, and 95 % credible intervals of the occurrence probabilities of operational taxonomical units found in Yakushima at each segment for saprotrophic fungi. Table S6 Predicted means, SDs, and 95 % credible intervals for the deposition rates at each segment for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Table S7 Predicted means, SDs, and 95 % credible intervals for the deposition rates at each segment for saprotrophic fungi. Supplemental figures Figure S1 Location of each segment in global map. Figure S2 Weighting setting among segments used for calculating the weighted distances. Figure S3 Comparison of expected versus predicted values for the occurrence probability of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ectomycorrhizal fungi (A) and saprotrophic fungi (B) obtained using cross-validation for model 1 (the best fit model). Statistics include r 2 of the regression line (y=x) and root mean squared errors of prediction (RMSEP). Appendix

2 Appendix S1 WinBUGS code used in this study.

3 Table S1 Descriptions, location, and altitude of 12 study sites. Site Locality Altitude Route length Approximate (m) area (m 2 ) Senpiro 30 16' N, ' E ca ,000 Mochida 30 23' N, ' E ,000 Nakasegawa 30 17' N, ' E ,000 Nakano 30 26' N, ' E ,000 Hanyama 30 22' N, ' E ,000 Kawahara 30 21' N, ' E ,000 Onoaida 30 15' N, ' E ,000 Ooko 30 18' N, ' E ,000 Shirakoyama 30 26' N, ' E ca ,000 Nagata 30 23' N, ' E ca ,000 Nagata beach 30 24' N, ' E ca ,000 Issoh 30 27' N, ' E ca

4 Table S2 Voucher information, name of operational taxonomical unit (OTU), nutritional guild (ectomycorrhizal [ECM] or saprotrophic [SAP]) and GenBank accession number for fungal materials used in this study. OTU name OTU name Voucher Collection Nutritional Accession Species name (97% (98% specimen date guild number identity) identity) RTF0586 Agaricus aff. subrutilescens (Kauffm.) Hoston et Stuntz 3-Sep SAP AB RTF0521 Agaricus aff. subrutilescens (Kauffm.) Hoston et Stuntz 28-Aug SAP AB RTF0839 Agaricus aff. subrutilescens (Kauffm.) Hoston et Stuntz 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0496 Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Freeman 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0668 Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Freeman 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0517 Agaricus sp. 28-Aug SAP AB RTF0523 Agaricus sp. 28-Aug SAP AB RTF0803 Agaricus sp. 10-Sep SAP AB RTF0453 Agrocybe cylindracea (DC.:Fr.) Maire 6-Oct SAP AB RTF0326 Amanita aff. grandicarpa Nagasawa 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0751 Amanita aff. subjunquillea Imai 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0220 Amanita aff. subjunquillea Imai 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0019 Amanita aff. vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0264 Amanita excelsa (Fr.) Bertillon 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0262 Amanita farinosa Schw. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0622 Amanita fuliginea Hongo 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0340 Amanita fuliginea Hongo 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0341 Amanita fuliginea Hongo 29-Jun ECM AB YK-0354 Amanita grandicarpa Nagasawa 12-Sep ECM AB509715

5 RTF0621 Amanita imazekii Oda, Tanaka & Tsuda 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0786 Amanita imazekii Oda, Tanaka & Tsuda 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0316 Amanita pantherina (DC.: Fr.) Krombh. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0675 Amanita perpasta Corner & Bas 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0417 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0625 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0380 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 2-Jul ECM AB RTF0319 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0825 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0339 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0348 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0384 Amanita pseudoporphyria Hongo 2-Jul ECM AB YK-0279 Amanita rubrovolvata Imai 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0603 Amanita sculpta Corner & Bas 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0782 Amanita sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0490 Amanita sp. 27-Aug ECM AB RTF0709 Amanita sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0375 Amanita sp. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0404 Amanita sp. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0541 Amanita sp. 29-Aug ECM AB RTF0487 Amanita sp. 17-Aug ECM AB RTF0332 Amanita sp. 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0514 Amanita sp. 28-Aug ECM AB RTF0656 Amanita sp. 5-Sep ECM AB RTF0624 Amanita spissacea Imai 9-Sep ECM AB509892

6 YK-0131 Amanita sychnopyramis Corner et Bas f.subannulata Hongo 10-Sep ECM AB YK-0370 Amanita sychnopyramis Corner et Bas f.subannulata Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0327 Amanita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0638 Amanita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt. var. fulva (Schaeff.) Gill. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0627 Amanita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt. var. fulva (Schaeff.) Gill. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0431 Amanita vaginata var.fulva 26-Sep ECM AB RTF0406 Amanita verna (Bull.: Fr.) Roques 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0694 Amanita virosa (Fr.) Bertillon 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0003 Amanita volvata (Peck) Martin 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0396 Amanita volvata (Pk.) Martin 5-Jul ECM AB RTF0373 Amauroderma rugosum (Bl. Et Nees) Torrend. 1-Jul SAP AB YK-0351 Amauroderma rugosum (Bl. Et Nees) Torrend. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0304 Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0233 Auricularia aff. auricula (Hook.) Underw. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0005 Auriscalpium vulgare S. F. Gray 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0503 Austroboletus fusisporus (Kawam. ex Imaz. et Hongo) Wolfe 27-Aug ECM AB RTF0662 Austroboletus subvirens (Hongo) Wolfe 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0318 Bisporella sp. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0528 Bisporella sp. 29-Aug SAP AB RTF0706 Bisporella sp. 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0133 Bisporella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0154 Bisporella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0155 Bisporella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0236 Bisporella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB509566

7 YK-0296 Bisporella sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0298 Bisporella sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0023 Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.: Fr.) Karst. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0449 Bolbitius sp. 5-Oct SAP AB RTF0325 Boletaceae 29-Jun ECM AB YK-0165 Boletaceae 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0354 Boletaceae 1-Jul ECM AB YK-0142 Boletaceae 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0604 Boletaceae 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0389 Boletaceae NA ECM AB RTF0609 Boletellus elatus Nagasawa 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0626 Boletellus elatus Nagasawa 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0654 Boletellus elatus Nagasawa 5-Sep ECM AB RTF0365 Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Sing. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0403 Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Sing. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0476 Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Sing. 15-Aug ECM AB RTF0578 Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Sing. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0779 Boletellus emodensis (Berk.) Sing. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0676 Boletellus longicollis (Ces.) Pegler et Young 6-Sep ECM AB YK-0258 Boletellus longicollis (Ces.) Pegler et Young 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0378 Boletellus longicollis (Ces.) Pegler et Young 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0800 Boletellus obscurecoccineus (v. Hohn.) Sing. 10-Sep ECM AB YK-0248 Boletus fraternus Peck 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0269 Boletus fraternus Peck 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0430 Boletus fraternus Peck 26-Sep ECM AB509628

8 YK-0226 Boletus fraternus Peck 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0579 Boletus ornatipes Peck 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0580 Boletus ornatipes Peck 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0581 Boletus ornatipes Peck 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0613 Boletus ornatipes Peck 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0174 Boletus ornatipes Peck 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0180 Boletus ornatipes Peck 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0371 Boletus ornatipes Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0134 Boletus pseudocalopus Hongo 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0363 Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0366 Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0367 Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0407 Boletus reticulatus Schaeff. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0433 Boletus sp. 28-Sep ECM AB RTF0788 Boletus sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0379 Boletus sp. 2-Jul ECM AB RTF0293 Boletus sp. 29-Mar ECM AB RTF0483 Boletus umbriniporus Hongo 17-Aug ECM AB RTF0478 Callistosporium luteoolivaceum (Berk. et Curt.) Sing. 15-Aug SAP AB RTF0548 Callistosporium luteoolivaceum (Berk. et Curt.) Sing. 30-Aug SAP AB YK-0308 Callistosporium sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0464 Calostoma japonicum P. Henn. 27-Oct ECM AB YK-0196 Calostoma japonicum P. Henn. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0199 Calostoma japonicum P. Henn. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0574 Calvatia craniiformis (Schw.) Fr. 31-Aug SAP AB509867

9 RTF0787 Cantharellus aff. cibarius Fr. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0367 Cantharellus cibarius Fr. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0316 Cantharellus minor Peck 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0411 Cantharellus minor Peck 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0684 Cantharellus sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0686 Cantharellus sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0692 Cantharellus sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0539 Cantharellus sp. 29-Aug ECM AB YK-0164 Cantharellus sp. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0016 Cantharellus sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0002 Chlorophyllum molybdites (Meyer: Fr.) Massee 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0274 Clavicorona colensoi (Berk.) Corner 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0243 Clavicorona sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0444 Clavulinopsis miyabeana (S. Ito) S. Ito 5-Oct SAP AB YK-0280 Clavulinopsis miyabeana (S. Ito) S. Ito 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0207 Collybia sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0519 Collybia sp. 28-Aug SAP AB RTF0716 Collybia sp. 8-Sep SAP AB YK-0224 Collybia sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0441 Coltricia cinnamomea (Pers.) Murr. 5-Oct ECM AB YK-0299 Coltricia sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0342 Coltricia sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0346 Coltricia sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0648 Coprinopsis sp. 13-Sep SAP AB YK-0273 Cordyceps nakazawai Kawamura 12-Sep SAP AB509660

10 RTF0333 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. 29-Jun SAP AB YK-0341 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0655 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. 5-Sep SAP AB RTF0746 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. NA SAP AB YK-0290 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0257 Coriolopsis strumosa (Fr.) Ryv. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0499 Corticiaceae 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0502 Corticiaceae 27-Aug SAP AB YK-0291 Cortinarius salor Fr. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0566 Cortinarius sp. 31-Aug ECM AB RTF0731 Cortinarius sp. 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0736 Cortinarius sp. 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0588 Inocybe sp. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0432 Cortinarius sp. 26-Sep ECM AB YK-0147 Craterellus cantharellus (Schw.) Fr. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0161 Craterellus cantharellus (Schw.) Fr. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0527 Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 29-Aug SAP AB RTF0635 Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0703 Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 7-Sep SAP AB RTF0643 Crepidotus sp. 13-Sep SAP AB RTF0472 Crepidotus sp. 15-Aug SAP AB RTF0532 Crepidotus sp. 29-Aug SAP AB YK-0307 Crepidotus sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0462 Crepidotus sp. 12-Oct SAP AB RTF0711 Crinipellis sp. 8-Sep SAP AB509944

11 RTF0440 Crinipellis sp. 5-Oct SAP AB YK-0017 Cymatoderma lamellatum (Berk. et Curt.) Reid 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0229 Cymatoderma lamellatum (Berk. et Curt.) Reid 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0231 Cymatoderma lamellatum (Berk. et Curt.) Reid 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0823 Cymatoderma lamellatum (Berk. et Curt.) Reid 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0659 Cymatoderma lamellatum (Berk. et Curt.) Reid 5-Sep SAP AB RTF0437 Cyptotrama asprata (Berk.) Redhead et Ginns 5-Oct SAP AB RTF0647 Cyptotrama asprata (Berk.) Redhead et Ginns 13-Sep SAP AB RTF0774 Cyptotrama asprata (Berk.) Redhead et Ginns 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0320 Dermocybe sp. 29-Jun ECM AB YK-0167 Dictyopanus gloeocystidiatus Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0222 Dictyopanus gloeocystidiatus Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0353 Dictyopanus gloeocystidiatus Corner 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0008 Entoloma aff. cyanoniger (Hongo) Hongo 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0194 Entoloma aff. kujuensis Hongo 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0160 Entoloma aff. kujuensis Hongo 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0573 Entoloma aff. kujuensis Hongo 31-Aug SAP AB RTF0763 Entoloma chamaecyparidis Hongo 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0765 Entoloma chamaecyparidis Hongo 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0443 Entoloma murraii (Berk. & Curt.) Sing. 5-Oct SAP AB YK-0278 Entoloma murraii (Berk. & Curt.) Sing. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0570 Entoloma omiensis Hongo 31-Aug SAP AB RTF0705 Entoloma omiensis Hongo 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0335 Entoloma sericellus (Bull.:Fr.)Quél. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0491 Entoloma sp. 27-Aug SAP AB509820

12 YK-0326 Entoloma sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0756 Entoloma sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0575 Entoloma sp. 31-Aug SAP AB RTF0337 Entoloma sp. 29-Jun SAP AB YK-0270 Entoloma sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0272 Entoloma sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0549 Entoloma sp. 30-Aug SAP AB YK-0313 Entoloma sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0182 Entoloma sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0219 Entoloma sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0569 Entoloma virescens (Berk. et Curt.) Hongo 31-Aug SAP AB RTF0500 Filoboletus manipularis (Berk.) Sing. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0702 Flabellophora obovata (Jungh.) Corner 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0217 Flabellophora obovata (Jungh.) Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0218 Flabellophora obovata (Jungh.) Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0223 Flabellophora obovata (Jungh.) Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0234 Flabellophora obovata (Jungh.) Corner 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0277 Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0301 Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0209 Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0256 Ganoderma mastoporum (Lev.) Pat. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0371 Ganoderma sp. 1-Jul SAP AB RTF0663 Ganoderma sp. 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0460 Geastrum fimbriatum (Fr.) Fisch. 9-Oct SAP AB YK-0215 Geastrum mirabile (Mont.) Fisch. 11-Sep SAP AB509620

13 YK-0202 Geastrum mirabile (Mont.) Fisch. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0323 Geastrum mirabile (Mont.) Fisch. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0533 Gerronema sp. 29-Aug SAP AB RTF0505 Gerronema sp. 27-Aug SAP AB YK-0140 Gymnopilus liquiritiae (Pers.: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0321 Gymnopilus liquiritiae (Pers.:Fr.) Karst. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0327 Gymnopilus sp. 29-Jun SAP AB YK-0178 Gyroporus castaneus (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0213 Gyroporus castaneus (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0809 Gyroporus sp. 10-Sep ECM AB RTF0798 Hericium ramosum (Merat) Letellier 10-Sep SAP AB RTF0757 Hohenbuehelia sp. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0294 Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murrill 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0315 Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murrill 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0333 Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murrill 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0368 Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murrill 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0448 Hygrocybe cantharellus (Schw.) Murrill 5-Oct SAP AB RTF0553 Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0637 Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0510 Hygrocybe coccinea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 28-Aug SAP AB YK-0306 Hygrocybe conica (Scop.: Fr.) Kummer 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0171 Hygrocybe sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0375 Hygrocybe sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0289 Hygrocybe sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0317 Hygrocybe sp. 12-Sep SAP AB509692

14 YK-0252 Hymenochaete sallei Berk. et Curt. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0755 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0139 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0166 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0334 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0451 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 5-Oct SAP AB RTF0559 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0833 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 30-Jun SAP AB YK-0135 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0198 Hypholoma fasciculare (Hudson: Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0649 Inocybe sp. 13-Sep ECM AB YK-0322 Inocybe sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0337 Inocybe sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0214 Inocybe sp. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0323 Inocybe sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0732 Inocybe sphaerospora Kobayasi 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0434 Kobayasia nipponica (Kobayasi) Imai et Kawam. 28-Sep SAP AB YK-0208 Kobayasia nipponica (Kobayasi) Imai et Kawam. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0287 Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0297 Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0314 Laccaria vinaceoavellanea Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0596 Lactarius austrotorminosus H.T. Le et Verbeken 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0766 Lactarius austrotorminosus H.T. Le et Verbeken 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0767 Lactarius austrotorminosus H.T. Le et Verbeken 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0210 Lactarius austrotorminosus H.T. Le et Verbeken 11-Sep ECM AB509617

15 YK-0366 Lactarius gerardii Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0249 Lactarius gerardii Peck 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0268 Lactarius gerardii Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0320 Lactarius gerardii Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0361 Lactarius gerardii Peck 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0547 Lactarius gerardii Peck. 30-Aug ECM AB YK-0271 Lactarius glaucescens Crossland 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0352 Lactarius hygrophoroides Berk. et Curt. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0358 Lactarius hygrophoroides Berk. et Curt. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0348 Lactarius lignyotus Fr. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0795 Lactarius piperatus (Scop..: Fr.) S. F. Gray 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0783 Lactarius sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0157 Lactarius sp. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0300 Lactarius sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0336 Lactarius sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0597 Lactarius sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0606 Lactarius sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0607 Lactarius sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0623 Lactarius sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0355 Lactarius sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0619 Lactarius volemus (Fr.) Fr. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0324 Leccinum sp. 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0436 Leccinum sp. 28-Sep ECM AB RTF0749 Leccinum sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0261 Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler 12-Sep SAP AB509650

16 RTF0435 Lenzites vespaceus (Pers.) Ryv. 28-Sep SAP AB RTF0660 Lenzites vespaceus (Pers.) Ryv. 5-Sep SAP AB RTF0693 Lenzites vespaceus (Pers.) Ryv. 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0309 Leotia lubrica (Scop.) Pers.: Fr. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0645 Lepiota aff. acutesquamosa (Weinm.:Fr.) Gill.s.lat. 13-Sep SAP AB RTF0308 Lepiota praetervisa Hongo 28-Jun SAP AB YK-0319 Lepiota sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0666 Lepiota sp. 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0677 Lepiota sp. 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0546 Lepiota sp. 30-Aug SAP AB YK-0364 Leucoagaricus sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0735 Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Sing. 8-Sep SAP AB RTF0714 Leucocoprinus fragilissimus (Rav.) Pat. 8-Sep SAP AB RTF0507 Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Pers. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0567 Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Pers. 31-Aug SAP AB YK-0158 Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Pers. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0568 Lycoperdon sp. 31-Aug SAP AB YK-0148 Marasmiaceae 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0632 Marasmiellus sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0634 Marasmiellus sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0463 Marasmiellus sp. 27-Oct SAP AB RTF0681 Marasmiellus sp. 7-Sep SAP AB RTF0682 Marasmiellus sp. 7-Sep SAP AB RTF0652 Marasmiellus sp. 5-Sep SAP AB RTF0540 Marasmiellus sp. 29-Aug SAP AB509847

17 RTF0537 Marasmius aurantioferrugineus Hongo 29-Aug SAP AB YK-0203 Marasmius aurantioferrugineus Hongo 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0516 Marasmius sp 28-Aug SAP AB RTF0529 Marasmius sp 29-Aug SAP AB RTF0498 Marasmius sp. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0685 Marasmius sp. 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0260 Marasmius sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0330 Marasmius sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0717 Marasmius sp. 8-Sep SAP AB YK-0136 Marasmius sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0697 Marasmius sp. 7-Sep SAP AB RTF0834 Marasmius sp. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0754 Micromphale sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0775 Micromphale sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0777 Micromphale sp. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0173 Micromphale sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0477 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 15-Aug SAP AB RTF0485 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 17-Aug SAP AB YK-0153 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0169 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0184 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0204 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kunt. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0482 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze 16-Aug SAP AB RTF0508 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze 27-Aug SAP AB YK-0021 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze 9-Sep SAP AB509482

18 YK-0022 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0138 Microporus vernicipes (Berk.) Kuntze 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0292 Morchella esculenta (L.: Fr.) Pers. 28-Mar SAP AB YK-0318 Mycena galericulata ( Scop.: Fr. ) S. F. Gray. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0310 Mycena galericulata ( Scop.: Fr. ) S. F. Gray. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0332 Mycena galericulata (Scop.: Fr. ) S. F. Gray. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0143 Mycena pura ( Pers.: Fr. ) Kummer 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0295 Mycena sp. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0255 Nigroporus vinosus (Berk.) Murr. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0584 Oudemansiella aff. platyphylla (Pers.:Fr.) Moser in Gams 3-Sep SAP AB RTF0811 Oudemansiella aff. platyphylla (Pers.:Fr.) Moser in Gams 10-Sep SAP AB RTF0644 Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhnel 13-Sep SAP AB RTF0781 Oudemansiella canarii (Jungh.) Höhnel 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0530 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 29-Aug SAP AB RTF0561 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0708 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0193 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0230 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0235 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0195 Oudemansiella mucida (Schrad.: Fr.) Höhnel 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0357 Oudemansiella pudens (Pers.) Pegler 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0359 Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan: Fr.) Sing. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0442 Oxyporus cuneatus (Murr.) Aosh. 5-Oct SAP AB YK-0259 Panus sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0360 Paxillus atrotomentosus (Batsch: Fr.) Fr. 12-Sep SAP AB509720

19 RTF0369 Phaeomarasmius erinacella (Peck) Sing. 1-Jul SAP AB YK-0241 Phanerochaete chrysorhiza (Torr.) Budington et Gilb. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0305 Phellinus gilvus (Schw.: Fr.) Pat. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0311 Phellinus igniarius (L.:Fr.) Quél. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0152 Phellinus robustus (Karst.) Bourdot et Galzin 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0363 Phellodon sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0646 Phillipsia domingensis (Berk.) Berk. 13-Sep SAP AB YK-0012 Phillipsia domingensis (Berk.) Berk. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0200 Phillipsia domingensis (Berk.) Berk. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0750 Phylloporus aff. bellus (Mass.) Corner 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0669 Phylloporus aff. bellus (Mass.) Corner 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0346 Phylloporus aff. bellus (Mass.) Corner 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0727 Phylloporus aff. bellus (Mass.) Corner 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0306 Phylloporus aff. bellus (Mass.) Corner 26-Jun ECM AB RTF0473 Phylloporus bellus (Mass.) Corner 15-Aug ECM AB RTF0474 Phylloporus bellus (Mass.) Corner 15-Aug ECM AB RTF0728 Phylloporus bellus (Mass.) Corner 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0824 Phylloporus bellus (Mass.) Corner 6-Jul ECM AB YK-0227 Piptoporus soloniensis (Tyromyces sambuceus) 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0001 Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker et Couch 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0776 Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0390 Pluteus atricapillus (Batsch) Fayod 3-Jul SAP AB YK-0015 Pluteus leoninus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kummer 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0558 Podoscypha sp. 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0445 Podostroma cornu-damae (Pat.) Boedijn 5-Oct SAP AB509797

20 RTF0446 Podostroma cornu-damae (Pat.) Boedijn 5-Oct SAP AB RTF0696 Polyporaceae 7-Sep SAP AB YK-0325 Polyporaceae 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0664 Polyporaceae 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0495 Polyporaceae 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0745 Polyporaceae 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0328 Polyporus aff. alveolaris (DC.: Fr.) Boud. et Sing. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0492 Polyporus aff. alveolaris (DC.: Fr.) Boud. et Sing. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0719 Polyporus badius (Pers.: S. F. Gray) Schw. 8-Sep SAP AB RTF0770 Polyporus sp. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0282 Postia sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0493 Psathyrella sp. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0768 Psathyrella sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0641 Pseudocolus schellenbergiae (Sumst.) Johnson 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0761 Pulveroboletus auriflammeus (Berk. et Curt.) Sing. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0582 Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Berk. et Curt.) Murr. 3-Sep ECM AB YK-0132 Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Berk. et Curt.) Murr. 10-Sep ECM AB RTF0713 Pycnoporus coccineus (Fr.) Bond. et Sing. 8-Sep SAP AB YK-0201 Ripartitella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0206 Ripartitella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0212 Ripartitella sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0799 Ripartitella sp. 10-Sep SAP AB RTF0744 Russula aff. alboareolata Hongo 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0752 Russula aff. alboareolata Hongo 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0020 Russula aff. alboareolata Hongo 9-Sep ECM AB509481

21 RTF0592 Russula aff. flavida Frost et Peck apud Peck 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0808 Russula aff. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. 10-Sep ECM AB RTF0484 Russula aff. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. 17-Aug ECM AB RTF0361 Russula aff. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0836 Russula aff. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0429 Russula alboareolata Hongo 23-Sep ECM AB RTF0535 Russula alboareolata Hongo 29-Aug ECM AB RTF0806 Russula alboareolata Hongo 10-Sep ECM AB RTF0812 Russula alboareolata Hongo 10-Sep ECM AB YK-0216 Russula alboareolata Hongo 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0228 Russula alboareolata Hongo 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0303 Russula alboareolata Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0339 Russula alboareolata Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0650 Russula castanopsidis Hongo 13-Sep ECM AB RTF0311 Russula castanopsidis Hongo 28-Jun ECM AB RTF0608 Russula castanopsidis Hongo 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0615 Russula castanopsidis Hongo 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0704 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0009 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0338 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0365 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0372 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0373 Russula compacta Frost et Peck apud Peck 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0562 Russula cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. 31-Aug ECM AB RTF0791 Russula densifolia (Secr.) Gill. 9-Sep ECM AB509981

22 RTF0689 Russula eburneo-areolata Hongo 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0454 Russula japonica Hongo 6-Oct ECM AB YK-0192 Russula japonica Hongo 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0511 Russula mariae Peck 28-Aug ECM AB YK-0006 Russula mariae Peck 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0628 Russula rosacea (Pers.) S. F. Gray 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0545 Russula senecis Imai 29-Aug ECM AB RTF0707 Russula senecis Imai 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0312 Russula senecis Imai 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0356 Russula senecis Imai 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0633 Russula sororia (Fr.) Romell 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0672 Russula sororia (Fr.) Romell 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0753 Russula sororia (Fr.) Romell 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0790 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0331 Russula sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0345 Russula sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0690 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0691 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0679 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0010 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0589 Russula sp. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0291 Russula sp. 16-Mar ECM AB RTF0368 Russula sp. 1-Jul ECM AB RTF0593 Russula sp. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0614 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB509886

23 RTF0631 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0789 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0792 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0265 Russula sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0794 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0797 Russula sp. 10-Sep ECM AB RTF0557 Russula sp. 30-Aug ECM AB YK-0018 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0232 Russula sp. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0305 Russula sp. 26-Jun ECM AB RTF0700 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0456 Russula sp. 8-Oct ECM AB RTF0591 Russula sp. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0651 Russula sp. 13-Sep ECM AB YK-0288 Russula sp. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0011 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0618 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0387 Russula sp. 2-Jul ECM AB YK-0026 Russula sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0457 Russula sp. 8-Oct ECM AB RTF0605 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0701 Russula sp. 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0328 Russula sp. 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0674 Russula sp. 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0594 Russula subnigricans Hongo 7-Sep ECM AB509878

24 RTF0344 Russula vesca Fr. 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0421 Russula vesca Fr. 7-Jul ECM AB RTF0724 Russula vesca Fr. 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0362 Sarcodon sp. 1-Jul ECM AB YK-0292 Scleroderma citrinum Pers. 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0191 Scleroderma sp. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0007 Scleroderma sp. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0466 Scleroderma sp. 29-Oct ECM AB YK-0285 Stereum aff. gausapatum Fr.: Fr. 12-Sep SAP AB YK-0186 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0275 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0667 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 6-Sep SAP AB RTF0748 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0137 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0240 Stereum ostrea (Bl. et Nees) Fr. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0747 Stereum sp. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0239 Stereum sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0828 Strobilomyces seminudus Hongo 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0522 Strobilurus ohshimae (Hongo et Matsuda) Hongo 28-Aug SAP AB YK-0266 Strophariaceae sp. 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0330 Strophariaceae sp. 29-Jun SAP AB RTF0353 Thelephora aff. palmata Scop.: Fr. 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0471 Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner 15-Aug ECM AB RTF0513 Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner 28-Aug ECM AB RTF0544 Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner 29-Aug ECM AB509809

25 RTF0653 Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner 5-Sep ECM AB RTF0742 Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0488 Thelephora sp. 17-Aug ECM AB RTF0534 Thelephora sp. 29-Aug ECM AB RTF0680 Thelephora sp. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0461 Thelephora sp. 12-Oct ECM AB RTF0780 Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0343 Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden 12-Sep SAP AB RTF0494 Trichocoma paradoxa Jungh. 27-Aug SAP AB RTF0688 Trichocoma paradoxa Jungh. 7-Sep SAP AB RTF0355 Tricholoma sp. 1-Jul ECM AB YK-0183 Truncospora ochroleuca (Berk.) Pilat 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0322 Tylopilus ballouii (Peck) Sing. 29-Jun ECM AB RTF0543 Tylopilus ballouii (Peck) Sing. 29-Aug ECM AB RTF0600 Tylopilus ballouii (Peck) Sing. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0601 Tylopilus ballouii (Peck) Sing. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0602 Tylopilus ballouii (Peck) Sing. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0599 Tylopilus chromapes (Frost) A. H. Smith et Thiers 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0489 Tylopilus nigerrimus (Heim) Hongo & Endo 20-Aug ECM AB RTF0564 Tylopilus nigerrimus (Heim) Hongo & Endo 31-Aug ECM AB RTF0416 Tylopilus nigropurpureus (Corner) Hongo 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0383 Tylopilus sp. 2-Jul ECM AB RTF0401 Tylopilus sp. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0760 Tylopilus sp. 9-Sep ECM AB YK-0141 Tylopilus sp. 11-Sep ECM AB509574

26 RTF0345 Tylopilus sp. 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0347 Tylopilus sp. 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0583 Tylopilus sp. 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0661 Tylopilus sp. 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0585 Tylopilus vinosobrunneus Hongo 3-Sep ECM AB RTF0610 Tylopilus virens (Chiu) Hongo 7-Sep ECM AB YK-0362 Tylopilus virens (Chiu) Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB RTF0551 Tyromyces aff. chioneus (Fr.) Karst. 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0805 Tyromyces aff. chioneus (Fr.) Karst. 10-Sep SAP AB YK-0254 Tyromyces aff. chioneus (Fr.) Karst. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0525 Tyromyces sp. 29-Aug SAP AB YK-0185 Vibrissea truncorum Fr. 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0176 Xanthoconium aff. affine (Peck) Sing. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0343 Xanthoconium affine (Peck) Sing. 30-Jun ECM AB RTF0687 Xanthoconium affine (Peck) Sing. 7-Sep ECM AB RTF0737 Xanthoconium affine (Peck) Sing. 8-Sep ECM AB RTF0778 Xanthoconium affine (Peck) Sing. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0671 Xerocomus aff. chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél. 6-Sep ECM AB RTF0418 Xerocomus chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0772 Xerocomus chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél. 9-Sep ECM AB RTF0571 Xerocomus nigromaculatus Hongo 31-Aug ECM AB YK-0267 Xerocomus nigromaculatus Hongo 12-Sep ECM AB YK-0188 Xerocomus parvulus Hongo 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0250 Xerocomus sp. 11-Sep ECM AB YK-0281 Xerocomus subtomentosus (L.: Fr.) Quél. 12-Sep ECM AB509667

27 YK-0237 Xerocomus subtomentosus (L.: Fr.) Quél. 11-Sep ECM AB RTF0830 Xerocomus subtomentosus (L.: Fr.) Quél. 6-Jul ECM AB RTF0630 Xeromphalina sp. 9-Sep SAP AB RTF0758 Xeromphalina sp. 9-Sep SAP AB YK-0253 Xylaria sp. 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0524 Xylobolus sp. 29-Aug SAP AB YK-0151 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boiden 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0170 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boiden 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0179 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boiden 11-Sep SAP AB YK-0242 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boiden 11-Sep SAP AB RTF0550 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boidin 30-Aug SAP AB RTF0698 Xylobolus spectabilis (Klotz.) Boidin 7-Sep SAP AB531458

28 Table S3 GenBank accession number of sequence that yielded 97% sequence identity with those determined for fungi in Yakushima. Species name (OTU name) GenBank accession number of hit sequence Ectomycorrhizal fungi Amanita fuliginea (87) AY Amanita grandicarpa (64) AB Amanita pantherina (77) AY456334, AY Amanita pseudoporphyria (75) AY436463, AB Amanita rubrovolvata (71) AB Amanita spissacea (80) AB Amanita sychnopyramis (72) AB Astraeus hygrometricus (157) AJ Cortinarius sp. (53) AY Lactarius austrotorminosus (290) EF141531, EF141532, EF Lactarius gerardii (289) EF Lactarius gerardii (342) EF560674, EF560675, EF560676, EF560677, AY Lactarius glaucescens (293) AJ534935, AY606952, AY606958, EF Lactarius sp. (323) EF Lactarius sp. (344) EU Pisolithus tinctorius (1) AF374679, AF374711, AF440002, AB099845, AB099846, AB099847, AB099902, AB099903, AB099904, AB099905, AB099906, AB099907, AB099919, AF374631, AB106874, AB Russula aff. nigricans (284) DQ Russula compacta (286) AF350063, AY969831, AY969858, AY969859, AY969869, AY969880, AY Russula senecis (325) AB259126, AB259127, AB Russula sp. (294) AF Russula sp. (329) AY Russula vesca (335) AM113965, AM159597, AM161531, AY606965, AY534202, AY Scleroderma sp. (154) EF644144, EU046005, DQ Scleroderma sp. (159) EU784410, AB099901, AB211267, EU Thelephora sp. (348) EU696815, EU696816, EU696817, EU696818, EU696830, EU696831, EU696832, EU696833, EU696868, EU696869, EU696870, EU696871, EU696872, EU696875, EU696876, EU696877, EU696878, EU696879, EU696880, EU Thelephora sp. (349) EU696801, EU696802, EU696808, EU696809, EU696849, EU696860, EU696893, EU696894, EU696898, EU696899, EU696901, EU696902, EU696903, EU696907, EU696909, EU696914, EU696915, EU696916, EU696917, EU696919,

29 EU696921, EU696932, EU Saprotrophic fungi Agaricus praeclaresquamosus (30) Bjerkandera adusta (241) Chlorophyllum molybdites (20) Ganoderma applanatum (267) Ganoderma lucidum (263) Ganoderma sp. (266) Hericium ramosum (214) Hohenbuehelia sp. (223) Hypholoma aff. fasciculare (58) Hypholoma aff. fasciculare (59) Lentinus edodes (390) Lepiota praetervisa (27) Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (26) Lycoperdon perlatum (19) Marasmius sp. (396) Morchella esculenta (102) Mycena galericulata (402) Oudemansiella canarii (375) Oudemansiella mucida (353) Oudemansiella pudens (355) Oudemansiella radicata (364) Phillipsia domingensis (99) AJ884626, AJ884627, AY943975, DQ182516, DQ182517, DQ182518, DQ182520, AF059222, DQ182534, DQ421108, DQ182525, DQ182519, DQ182522, DQ182523, DQ182524, DQ182529, U85308, DQ182509, DQ182510, DQ AJ279464, AJ279465, AJ279471, AJ000198, AY787666, AM901877, AM901992, AY618221, AY781249, AB096737, EF AF482842, AF482836, U85337 AF255149, AF255150, AM269768, AF255190, AF255188, AF255189, AF255195, AF255159, AF255160, AF255183, AF255148, AF255176, AF AY AY EU EF409728, EF409725, AF139956, EF409718, EF409738, EF409739, EF409719, EF409720, EF409730, EF AY354216, AM AY354216, AM902004, DQ AF031184, AF031188, AF031193, AF031183, AF031186, U33080, U33088, U33089, U33092, AF079572, AF031189, AF U85321, U85338, AY176408, AY EF619714, EU561487, AF DQ AM712281, DQ093650, AB306297, AB306298, AB AJ539478, AJ543737, AJ539473, AJ539474, AJ539480, AJ543736, AJ AM712275, EF040833, AM712273, AM712277, DQ389677, DQ389675, DQ389682, DQ389684, DQ389685, DQ AF321475, AF321472, AF321473, AF AY AF321488, AF321489, AF321490, AF AF AF117373, AF117381, AF117356, AF117357, AF117363, AF117364, AF117358, AF117361, AF117362, AF117380, AF117369, AF117370, AF117365, AF117372, AF117359, AF117360, AF117367, AF117368, AF117374, AF117366,

30 AF Pleurotus pulmonarius (224) Polyporaceae sp. (238) Polyporaceae sp. (244) Psathyrella sp. (38) Pycnoporus coccineus (256) Stereum ostrea (265) Trichaptum biforme (233) Trichocoma paradoxa (100) AM901916, EF514243, AY315765, U60648 EU AF126881, AF126884, AF126885, AF126897, AF126898, AF126879, AF126880, AF126886, AF126887, AF126888, AF126889, AF126890, AF126891, AF126894, AF126895, AF126896, AF126899, AF126900, AF126901, AF AM712281, AY787681, AB306305, AB306297, AB306298, AB306299, AB306302, AB176571, AB176573, DQ494689, DQ093736, AM901757, AM902043, DQ389720, AB306301, AB306303, AB306304, AB306307, AB306308, AB306309, AB306310, AB306312, AB176572, AB176574, AB176575, AB176578, AB176579, AB176580, AB306300, AB AF363769, AF363759, AF363758, AF363753, AF363754, AF363755, AF363773, AF363762, AF363763, AF363770, AF363771, AF363760, AF363768, AF AM AF267658, U63473, AM269815, U63476 EU021600

31 Table S4 Estimated means, SDs, and 95 % credible intervals of the occurrence probabilities of operational taxonomical units found in Yakushima at each segment for ectomycorrhizal fungi. Segment Mean SD Lower bound Upper bound

32

33