A Bowlful of griculture

Transcription

1 A Bowlful of griculture

2 MENU (Table of Contents) Price (page) Book Overview... $3 Breakfast History... $4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.2.1; W.2.1; W.2.2 Eggs... $5 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.1; RI.3.2; W.3.4 Chicken Anatomy... $6 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.5; RI.3.7; W.3.2; W.3.7; W.3.8 NGSS.Structures and Processes. 3-LS1-1 Eggs to Go... $7 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.7 NGSS.Structures and Processes. 3-LS1-1 French Toast... $8 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.8; W.3.2; W.3.4 Syrup... $9 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.3; RI.3.8; Mathematics.3.NBT.A.2; 3.NBT.A.3; 3.MD.A.2 Picture Syrup... $10 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.7;RI.3.8; SL.3.1; SL.3.2; W.3.2 Milk... $13 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.1; RI.4.7; SL.4.4 NGSS.Structures and Processes. 3-LS1-1; Inheritance and Variation of Traits. 3-LS3 Chocolate Milk... $14 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.1; RI.3.3; RI.3.8; SL.3.1; SL.3.2 Think Your Drink... $15 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.1; RI.4.5 Orange Juice... $16 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.1; RI.3.7 Orange Density... $18 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.3.3; W.4.1; W.4.2; W.4.7 NGSS.Matter and Its Interactions. 2-PS1 Bacon... $19 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.3.1; W.3.2; Books & Answers... $20

3 The Cow in Patrick O Shanahan s Kitchen The Cow in Patrick O Shanahan s Kitchen by Diana Prichard ISBN-13: Patrick slowly gets out of bed, heads down to the kitchen ready for another boring breakfast. But, what he encounters is not boring at all! He gets joined by some unusual guests, providing a humorous lesson of where our meals come from. He comes face to face with a big old cow standing there looking right at him. Stunned, Patrick turns and watches as his dad comes into the kitchen, evaluates the scene, and is indifferent to it all. He whips up his "World Famous French Toast" for Patrick. Patrick helps his dad out by getting fresh milk, straight from the cow. He finds eggs to add to the batter from chickens who hide in the fridge. And to top it all off, he gathers syrup. It miraculously appears dripping out of spigots that are tapped into maple trees. The next morning, Patrick hops out of bed and tears down to the kitchen to see what is on the menu for today. He gets a huge surprise, which you will have to find out for yourself. A fun read aloud that most will enjoy. Read on to see what Illinois Agriculture in the Classroom has on the breakfast menu! 3

4 Breakfast History The term breakfast is a compound word meaning two or more words put together to form a new word. So, breakfast means you are breaking the fast between dinner the night before and the first meal of the day. That makes breakfast the first meal eaten after waking from a night s sleep. Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day. A good breakfast provides us with energy and nutrients that people need to start their day off right. The meal gets your metabolism working for the day. Metabolism is the process that converts the food we eat to energy. Studies even show that children who eat a good breakfast do better in school than children who do not. Eating a nutritious breakfast develops good eating habits that will last a lifetime. It is also an excellent occasion to eat together with the family! Drawing Conclusions Draw a healthy breakfast in the picture below and have students write the name of each item. Be sure to incorporate the different food groups! Check out for help. Lesson Extender Write a paragraph describing your breakfast and which food groups are represented. Be sure to tell us what you eat, why you like it, and which nutritional requirements your breakfast fulfills. 4

5 Eggs A female chicken is a hen. A male chicken is a rooster. Their offspring are called chicks. When a female chick is six months old, it begins producing eggs. Some of which we eat. Once a chicken begins to lay eggs, it is called a hen or a layer. It takes a hen about a day to produce an egg, and every egg begins as a yolk. Good egg-layers produce 270 to 300 eggs per year! Eggs are packed with nutrients including protein, iron, phosphorus, zinc and essential vitamins A, D, E, and B. They are relatively low in saturated fat, and are low in calories with only 78 per medium egg. What are eggs used for? Eggs are used to thicken sauces, custards, and fillings. The proteins in the egg coagulate, or thicken, as the egg is heated. Beaten egg whites, yolks, or whole eggs are used in cakes and other baking. But, more than 1/3 of all eggs produced are consumed at breakfast! What s your favorite style? Scrambled, fried, hard-boiled, omelet, or poached? Web of Information Discuss what the students know about eggs, chickens, and hatching (brainstorming). Then, divide students into groups, hand out chart paper and markers to begin the webbing activity. Begin to make a web of knowledge around the egg and chick topic. A sample web follows. The webs may be done as a group project, as a class project, or as individual exercises. Save the webs for use at the end of the unit. (Display the webs in the classroom.) 5

6 Chicken Anatomy A male chicken is called a rooster. A female chicken is called a hen. A hen lays eggs, whereas a rooster does not. Below are two images that display the anatomy of both a rooster and a hen. Write a paragraph that compares and contrasts the two. Draw on any information that you have read and may see in the images below. Answer either rooster, hen or both to the questions that follow. Rooster 1. Which is larger? 2. Which has a larger comb? 3. Which is a chicken? 4. Which is primarily white in Illinois? Hen 5. Which lays eggs? 6. Which has a beak? 7. Which has a saddle? 8. Which has more colorful feathers? This activity is adapted from: extension.org 6

7 Eggs To Go Decide whether your chick will be a hen or a rooster. If it is a hen, then you will place a plastic egg inside. Decorate your chick using some of the other differences you learned between a rooster and a hen in the previous activity. Chick To Go What you will need: Egg Carton Yellow Paint Black Marker Plastic Eggs Yellow Card Stock Orange Card Stock Glue 1. Cut two egg carton cups. Glue a 1/2 x 1-3/4 piece of paper to each half, acting as a hinge. 2. Paint throughout. 3. Take small pieces of card stock, two yellow and two orange, each measuring approximately 1 x 1/2. Fold a 1/4 flap from the edge. From the fold, cut into triangles. 4. Glue one yellow triangle on each side of the inner bottom egg carton cup. Glue one orange triangle on the front of the inner top and another on the inner bottom egg carton cup. 5. Cut orange card stock into feet and glue to the bottom cup. Take a black marker and draw small eyes. If your egg cartons are too small, you can use chocolate eggs or jelly beans to represent eggs. This activity is adapted from: 7

8 French Toast Did you know that French toast was not invented in France? In fact, French toast was around long before France even existed as a country! The exact origins are unknown. Recipes for French toast can be traced to Ancient Roman times. One of the original names for the dish meant Roman bread. Many theories that explain the name French toast say that the dish became popular in America by French immigrants. To make French toast, you first dip slices of bread in a mixture of beaten eggs, milk, cinnamon and vanilla. Then you fry the egg-coated bread in a pan until browned. You can eat your French toast with powdered sugar, cinnamon, maple syrup, jelly, or fruit on top. Recipe Order 1 egg, slightly beaten 1/4 cup milk 2 slices of bread cinnamon 1 tablespoon butter maple syrup fresh fruit vanilla Review the steps (in order) described below. Cut out the steps below in strips. Give each student an envelope with the strips inside. Have the students put the steps in the correct order and glue them on a sheet of construction paper. Use the information described above and research to help you on your way. Wash your hands and all cooking surfaces. In a dish, beat together egg, milk, vanilla and cinnamon with fork until combined. Dip bread slices in egg mixture. In a medium skillet, melt margarine over medium heat. Cook dipped bread slices in skillet until golden brown. Serve with syrup and top with fresh fruit. Lesson Extender Think about where your food comes from. We grow wheat, which is ground into flour, and then used to bake bread and other items. Wheat in Illinois is planted in September and harvested in June! Create a timeline with the three ingredients below to better understand where these ingredients come from and how we get them. Write a story that explains where each ingredient came from: Milk: Cow to Carton: < 3 days. Eggs: Laid to Store: < 3 days. Winter Wheat: Plant to Bread: about 9 months. Syrup: Sap to Syrup: < 3 days. 8

9 Syrup People have been making maple syrup for hundreds of years. Native Americans first discovered how to make it and taught the art to the early colonists. So where does maple syrup comes from? Maple syrup is made from the sap of maple trees. Sap is a watery, sweet liquid found inside a tree. Sap moves throughout the tree, and carries water and food to the tree s different parts through tiny tubes inside the tree. Most crops are harvested in the fall, but maple sugar is harvested in late winter or early spring. At harvest or sugaring time, a taphole is drilled into a maple tree. The taphole is not deep, so it doesn t hurt the tree. A spile, or spout, is pushed into the hole and a bucket or bag is hung from the spout. The sap from the tree drips through the spout and into the bucket. After the sap is collected, it is boiled. This removes water from the sap. While it boils, the sap must be skimmed and watched carefully so that it doesn t burn. As the water evaporates, the sap turns into a dark brown, thick syrup. Some farmers grow maple trees so they can collect the sap. An area in the woods where maple trees grow is called a sugarbush. Some farms even have their own maple sugar festivals. These small farms are called sugarhouses, or sugarshacks. Visitors can watch maple syrup being made. Syrup is often eaten with pancakes, waffles, French toast, and oatmeal. It is also used in baking, and as a sweetener. By The Numbers Use the text below to answer the math questions that follow. Be sure to show your work. Suppose it takes 40 gallons of maple sap to produce 1 gallon of maple syrup. The other 39 gallons are water that is boiled off. Boiling sap takes time, energy, and work, so this maple syrup costs $30.00 per gallon. 1. Nelson s farm just produced 16 gallons of maple syrup. How many gallons of sap did the farmer collect? 2. Suppose this farmer sold all but 2 gallons. How much money did he make from the sale? 3. Suppose one tap in a mature tree produces 10 gallons of sap. This year Nelson s farm put in 12 taps. How many gallons of sap will they collect? 4. How many gallons of maple syrup will 4,800 gallons of maple sap make? 9

10 Syrup Get Another Look Write a paragraph describing what you see in the image below. Use descriptive words and terms that you learned from page 9. Make a list of: who, what, why, when, where, and how. Under each, write down a sentence that you can use to describe what you see. Lesson Extender Draw conclusions about what would happen after the process shown below. Use your conclusions to draw a picture of the next step in the maple syrup making process. Write a paragraph to describe your image. Write a poem about the image. 10

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13 Milk Milk is delicious in cereal or by itself in a glass! But, how did it get to our breakfast table? It all starts with a cow. Heifers are female dairy cattle. After two years, they give birth to their own calves. Once a heifer gives birth, it is called a cow. All female dairy cows must have a calf to produce milk. Dairy cows come in many colors. The black and white cows are called Holsteins. Some breeds produce a lot of milk while others may produce milk with more butterfat. Farmers consider this when choosing a breed of dairy cows. On today s dairy farms, cows are milked 2 or 3 times a day with special milking machines. The udder is cleaned before rubber-lined cups are attached to the teats. Then, a pump sucks the milk through the cups and into a pipe. The pipe takes milk from the machine to a refrigeration tank that stores the milk at 40 degrees Fahrenheit. The milk is delivered to a plant to be tested, standardized, homogenized, pasteurized and packaged, before it is delivered to the store. So, when you drink milk for breakfast, be sure to thank a farmer and all the people involved in getting the milk from the farm to your breakfast table! Make Your Own Model Cow There are 7 major breeds of dairy cattle: Jersey, Brown Swiss, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Milking Shorthorn, Red and White, and Holstein. Decorate your cow to match one of the major breeds. Check out to see the different breeds and learn more about each. These breeds inherited traits that give them different characteristics from other breeds. What you will need: Cow template (page 11) Markers / colored pencils Scissors Tape 1. Cut out the cow along the black bold line. 2. Decorate your cow to match your favorite breed. Don t forget to number and color the ear tag. Ear tags are used for animal identification on farms. 3. Fold along the marked dotted lines. 4. Bring the two folded tabs near the head together and join with a piece of tape. 5. Complete step 4 for the tabs near the tail. 6. The completed cow should look similar to the one shown above. After reviewing different breeds, use the students models to quiz them on which breed each model represents. 13

14 Chocolate Milk All milk, including flavored milk, contains a unique combination of nutrients important for growth and development in kids. Flavored milk has all the major nutrients found in unflavored milk calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, protein, riboflavin, niacin and vitamins A, B12 and D and contributes only 3% of added sugars in the diets of children age 2-18 years. Chocolate Timeline Chocolate and cocoa are common ingredients in many products we use every day. However, the production and processing involved in making these products are more complex than most of us realize. The sentences below provide a background on cacao production and continues through the making of chocolate and cocoa. Study the list below, then cut the steps into strips. Give each student an envelope with the strips inside. Have the students put each step in the correct order and glue them on a sheet of construction paper. Cut out the pictures below and glue them with the corresponding step of the chocolate making process. Both cocoa and chocolate come from the cacao tree. The fruit of this tree is a pod. These pods grow from the tree trunk. The cocoa beans are seeds that grow inside very hard pods on the tree. When the pods are ripe, they are picked and cut open. There are beans inside surrounded by a milky white pulp. The beans are then cleaned, roasted, and crushed. Crushing the center of the bean makes a thick liquid. This liquid is called chocolate liquor. Sugar and vanilla are added to the liquor. As the liquor cools, it makes sweet chocolate. When milk is added, you get chocolate milk. Ask students questions about the steps described above. The students should answer by pointing to the picture that refers to the step in the process. 14

15 Think Your Drink Think about what you have to drink for breakfast or lunch. Use the chart below to compare some of the options you have when you get something to drink. Answer the questions that follow. From highest to lowest, rank the drinks according to their added sugar levels. What is the relationship between the added sugar and carbohydrate levels? What drink(s) provide you with the highest percentage of calcium? About how many servings of this drink do you need to reach 100% of your daily requirements? What other products could you consume to help reach your daily requirements of calcium? Which drink do you think is the healthiest choice? Why? Lesson Extender Nutrition Label Detective Hand out random nutrition labels with numbers on them. Then give the students a list of products to choose from. Students will work in teams to use the information found on the nutrition label to determine the product associated with it. Each team will need to identify what clue led them to their answer. 15

16 Orange Juice Orange juice is very tasty, but we don t grow oranges in Illinois. Have you ever wondered how oranges are made into orange juice and made available to us in our stores? Most of the oranges in the United States are grown in Florida. About 96% of Florida s oranges are squeezed for juice. In one day, a processing plant can squeeze millions of pounds of oranges! While some juice is enjoyed right from the bottle, carton or can, most is concentrated until it s very thick, then frozen. This is done by evaporating under vacuum and heat. After the water is removed, concentrated juice remains and is frozen. Then, the consumer adds the water back in to get orange juice. Complete the activity below to learn more things you may not have known about oranges. Circling Oranges What you will need: 1 Orange plate Stem made of green construction paper Brad Pencils Scissors White paper (next page) Pencils Have students: 1. Cut out the white paper on the next page. Cut your orange plate to the size of the white paper. 2. Write a citrus fact on each of the nine sections (found on next page). 3. Cut out a ninth from the orange plate. 4. Attach the orange plate (front) and fact circle (back) with a brad. 5. Glue the green stem to the top of the white sheet so that it sticks out. You will use the stem to turn. 6. Now students can turn their citrus spinner and read the citrus facts. Lesson Extender Have students complete their own activity using different facts they find. Use the facts to quiz the students to recall memory. Instead of using facts, use each eighth to describe a step of the orange juice making process, starting with growing the oranges and ending with drinking a glass of orange juice. This activity is adapted from: Florida Ag in the Classroom 16

17 The ancient Greeks and Romans referred to oranges as golden apples. It is believed Christopher Columbus was the first to bring orange seeds to America during his second voyage to the region in Florida s oranges are used to produce nearly all of the orange juice in America. Navel oranges get their name because the bottoms looks like a belly button or navel. In 2012, there were over 540,000 acres of citrus trees in Florida, equaling 11.7 million tons of citrus produced. Orange juice is purchased by nearly 70 percent of American households. After chocolate and vanilla, orange is the world s favorite flavor. Oranges are low in calories. There are over 600 varieties of oranges. 17

18 Orange Density Orange Float Experiment What you will need: A whole orange fruit A large bowl filled with water Before you begin, do you think the orange will float in water? Why or why not? Use your estimates to begin filling out the KWL (know want to know learned) chart below. Instructions: Fill the bowl with water. Let each student try to immerse the orange in the water. What happens to the orange. Ask the students to observe whether it is floating or sinking. The orange will float in the water. Now ask each student to take the orange out. Now peel off the skin of the orange. Again, ask the students to try to immerse the orange in the water. What happens now? Briefly try to explain why you think the orange now sinks. Explanation: The rind (or peel) of the orange is full of tiny air pockets. This gives the orange a lower density than water, causing it to float to the surface. Removing the rind (and the air pockets) from the orange increases its density higher than that of water, causing it to sink. Complete the KWL chart after the experiment. Try doing this experiment with other fruits such as: watermelons, bananas, kiwis etc. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the other fruits you attempted. KWL What I Know What I Want To Know What I Learned 18

19 Bacon Bacon comes from a pig. Hopefully you already knew that. But you may not have known that bacon has been around since 1500 BC! It s no wonder why this food is so delicious it s had a long time to be perfected. Bacon is generally prepared from the belly of a pig. Once the pork is cut from the pig, it s cured using salt and dry-packing. Bacon may be eaten smoked, boiled, fried, baked, or grilled, or used as a minor ingredient to flavor dishes. What do you eat bacon with? Bacon Poetry Read the poems below. Determine what is clearly defined in the text. What inferences can you draw from the text? What concepts did the author convey in each poem? POEM 1 Bacon, bacon, always on my mind. What are some things we come to find? Bacon is better, can it be true? Sure is! Pork is good for you! Eat in moderation and it won t harm. Don t forget to thank those that farm! POEM 2 Early dawn on the farm, the sun rises. A school day will be filled with surprises. I want to stay in bed, but mom won t take. I guess I ve got a fever to fake. The aroma hits and now I ve awaken. I rush downstairs to the smell of bacon! Lesson Extender Each student should write their own poem about bacon and share it with the class. Include a picture to capture visual elements of what you are writing about. 19

20 Answers & Books Answers: Page 6: Rooster, Rooster, Both, Hen, Hen, Both, Rooster, Rooster Page 9: 640 gallons, $420, 120 gallons, 120 gallons Suggested Books: Eggs & Chickens: Big Chickens by Henry Cole ISBN-13: Chicks & Chickens by Gail Gibbons ISBN-13: Eggs (Feeding the World) by Kim Etingoff ISBN-13: Syrup: From Maple Trees to Maple Syrup by Kristin Thoennes Keller ISBN-13: Maple Sugar Festivals: Tapping for Sap by Lisa Gabbert ISBN-13: Sugarbush Spring by Marsha Wilson Chall ISBN-13: Dairy: Clarabelle by Cris Peterson ISBN-13: From Grass to Milk by Stacy Taus-Bolstad ISBN-13: The Milk Makers by Gail Gibbons ISBN-13: Oranges: From Oranges to Orange Juice by Kristin Thoennes Keller ISBN-13: An Orange in January by Dianna Hutts Aston ISBN-13: Pork: A Hog Ate My Homework by Gary Metivier ISBN-13: Pigs by Gail Gibbons ISBN-13: Pigs an A-to-Z Book by Susan Anderson ISBN: Pigs & Pork in the Story of Agriculture by Susan Anderson ISBN: