Edamame Variety Trial Report 1999
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1 Carol A. Miles, Ph. D., Agricultural Systems Specialist 1919 NE 78 th Street Vancouver, Washington PHONE: FAX: URL: Edamame Variety Trial Report 1999 Carol A. Miles, Dawn Youmans, Rei Nakatani, and Chuhe Chen Washington State University Cooperative Extension 360 NW North St. MS:AES01 Chehalis, WA phone: (360) fax: (360) Introduction In 1999, we conducted two on-farm edamame variety trials in Thurston County, Washington. One trial was located at Stoney Plains Organic Farm and the other at Zenflora Farm. Both of these small, organic farms are located in Tenino, Washington. We chose these sites because the owner/operators of the farms were interested in evaluating the production and market potentials of edamame in our region. The trial at Stoney Plains included all of the varieties we had available for testing, in addition to breeding lines from the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC). The trial at Zenflora included ten varieties. Procedures and Methods Large Variety Trial (Stoney Plains) The large edamame variety trail was planted at Stoney Plains Farm on May 31, Prior to planting, blood meal was applied and incorporated as a source for nitrogen at a rate of 50 pounds of nitrogen per acre. Also prior to planting, edamame seed was inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japunium. Thirteen varieties and 21 breeding lines were planted in this trial. Table 1 is a complete listing of varieties and breeding lines included in our trials. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were double-row beds, 3 m (10 feet) in length, and the distance between bed centers was 1.5 m (5 feet). Seeds were spaced 7.5 cm (3 inches) apart in the row, and rows were spaced approximately 0.6m (2 feet) apart in the bed. The trial area at Stoney Plains Farm was 0.06 hectare (0.2 acre). Plots were mechanically cultivated for weed control once a month throughout the growing season. Hand weeding was performed to control in-row weeds once in June, twice in July, and once during the month of August. Plots were irrigated once a week with overhead sprinklers. The irrigation was done with the rate of one inch of water per application. Irrigation was dependent on the amount of precipitation received during the growing season.
2 Small Variety Trial (Zenflora) A small variety trial of ten varieties was planted at Zenflora Farm on June 8, The field was tilled and harrowed prior to seeding. Seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japunicum before planting. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were double-row beds, 3 m (10 feet) in length, and the distance between bed centers was 1.5 m (5 feet). Seeds were spaced 2.5 cm (1 inch) apart in the row, and rows were spaced approximately 0.6 m (2 feet) apart. Plants were thinned to a 7.5 cm (3 inch) spacing on July 29, The trial area at Zenflora was 0.05 acre (0.02 hectare). Plots were cultivated between rows with a mechanical wheel hoe twice a month throughout the growing season, once in July, and once in August. In-row weeds were controlled by hand. Plots were irrigated at least twice a week with a low pressure, trickle tape system for a maximum of six hours a day. The field received 0.32 inch/hour of irrigation (about 2 inches/6 hours). Irrigation was dependent on the amount of precipitation received during the growing season. Data Collection Edamame stand counts were recorded at both trial locations July 29, Flowering dates and pod fill were observed throughout the growing season. Harvest Plants from the center 1.5 m (5 feet) of each double-row plot were harvested for a total harvest area of 3 m (10 feet) per plot. Harvest began on September 20, 1999, and continued through September 29, Plots were harvested at optimum vegetable maturity. Damage due to frost was observed at the last harvest date. Plants were pulled by hand and pods were stripped from plants. Pods were sorted into three categories: 1) pods with two or more beans 2) pods with one bean 3) unmarketable Each category of pods was weighed. Table 2 and Table 4 are summaries of harvested pods. Category 1, pods with two or more beans, is the most desirable pods for marketability. Category 2, pods with one bean, is marketable but not desirable. Pods with one bean will contribute to total yield if the marketable product is a shelled bean. Category 3, unmarketable, includes those pods that were immature or damaged. One hundred pods were taken from category 1, pods with two or more beans, and these 100 pods were weighed. From these 100 pods, 25 pods were selected at random and the beans were removed. These individual beans were then weighed and counted. Table 3 and Table 5 illustrate the quality of beans from category 1.
3 Results Stoney Plains In 1999, the varieties White Lion, Butterbeans, Sayamusume, and Kitanosuzu produced marketable pod yields greater than 200 grams (0.44 lb.) per 3 meters (10 feet) of row. The varieties Lucky Lion, Sayamusume, and Kenko produced large pods where 100 pods weighed greater than 200 grams. The weight of 25 beans should be greater than 20 grams for the fresh vegetable market. In 1999, all varieties except Kitanosuzu met this criterion. The varieties Kegon and Sayanishiki did not mature, thus they were not harvested. Breeding Lines The line AGS produced the highest marketable yield. Lines AGS , AGS , AGS 329, AGS , AGS , AGS , AGS all produced marketable pod yields greater than 200 grams (0.44 lb.) per 3 meters (10 feet) of row. The lines AGS and AGS produced the lowest marketable yield. Zenflora In 1999, the varieties White Lion, Butterbeans, Lucky Lion, Sapporo Midori, Gion, and Sayamusume produced marketable pod yields greater than 200 grams (0.44 lb.) per 3 meters (10 feet) of row. The varieties Yukimusume and Sayamusume produced large pods where 100 pods weighed greater than 200 grams. The weight of 25 beans should be greater than 20 grams for the fresh vegetable market. In 1999, White Lion, Gion, Misono Green, Yukimusume, and Sayamusume met this criterion. The variety, Sayanishiki did not mature, thus it was not harvested. Seed Harvest Plants at Stoney Plains were collected from early maturing AVRDC breeding lines on October 8,1999. Plants were placed in the drying oven at 60 F for three days at the Washington State University Vancouver Research and Extension Station. On October 18 th the seeds were cleaned, bagged, and placed in storage for the 2000 planting season.
4 Table 1. Edamame and breeding lines included in on-farm trials in Tenino, Washington in 1999 Variety Supplier Trial Location 1) White Lion Takii Stoney Plains and Zenflora 2) Gion Takii Stoney Plains and Zenflora 3) Lucky Lion Takii Stoney Plains and Zenflora 4) Kegon Sakata Stoney Plains 5) Shironomai Sakata N/A 6) Butterbeans Johnny s Stoney Plains and Zenflora 7) Sapporo Midori Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 8) Yukimusume Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 9) Sayamusume Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 10) Misono-Greene Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 11) Kitanosuzu Snowbrand Stoney Plains 12) Sayanisiki Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 13) SB 1002 Snowbrand Stoney Plains and Zenflora 14) Kenko Seedex Inc. Stoney Plains 15) AGS 329 AVDRC Stoney Plains 16) AGS 340 AVDRC Stoney Plains 17) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 18) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 19) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 20) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 21) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 22) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 23) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 24) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 25) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 26) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 27) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 28) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 29) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 30) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 31) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 32) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 33) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 34) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 35) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains 36) AGS AVDRC Stoney Plains N/A Variety not available at planting time and was not planted at either location.
5 Table 2. Weight (grams) of pods with 1 bean (standard deviation), pods with 2-3 beans, and the weight of unmarketable pods, from 3-meter-row of edamame grown at Stoney Plains Farm, western Washington, in White Lion ab (147.3) 35.8 c (22.3) 5.0 a (2.1) Gion ab (233.3) 40.5 bc (47.9) 5.3 a (3.7) Lucky Lion ab (140.9) 47.1 bc (22.4) 10.5 a (15.1) Butterbeans ab (149.8) 86.1 abc (45.9) 8.9 a (7.2) Sapporo Midori b (151.9) 34.7 c (47.0) 8.4 a (15.8) Yukimusume ab (116.0) 47.7 bc (59.9) 11.0 a (7.2) Sayamusume ab (109.2) 47.1 bc (14.8) 3.4 a (0.6) Misono-Greene ab (80.1) 36.5 c (20.7) 6.6 a (5.8) Kitanosuzu ab (108.3) 26.5 c (12.1) 7.0 a (4.0) SB c (55.2) 8.4 d (5.8) 2.4 a (0.2) Kenko 95.3 c (54.5) 30.2 c (18.2) 3.6 a (0.5) Breeding Lines Pods w/ 2-3 beans SD Pods w/ 1 bean SD Unmarketable pods SD AGS ab (189.6) 61.8 bc (44.7) 14.2 a (11.3) AGS ab (167.4) 25.0 c (28.2) 6.3 a (9.5) AGS ab (31.3) abc (38.1) 22.5 a (4.4) AGS ab (53.4) 97.9 abc (65.1) 20.2 a (17.1) AGS b (77.8) abc (65.8) 31.9 a (5.0) AGS a (188.1) ab (61.1) 52.2 a (13.9) AGS ab (227.1) a (112.0) 51.5 a (30.7) AGS AGS AGS ab (133.3) 77.7 bc (50.8) 14.1 a (13.6) AGS ab (161.2) 58.5 bc (34.3) 9.8 a (4.6) AGS AGS AGS b (100.7) 59.6 abc (31.8) 51.3 a (25.9) AGS ab (112.1) 78.4 abc (33.5) 7.7 a (5.0) AGS ab (246.1) 82.8 abc (61.2) 9.2 a (7.9)
6 Table 3. Weight of 100 pods that were selected at random (standard deviation), weight of beans from 25 pods, and number of beans from 25 pods, for edamame grown at Stoney Plains Farm, western Washington, in White Lion ab (31.8) 22.3 bc (2.5) 52.5 ab (3.9) Gion ab (9.9) 23.2 bc (1.1) 53.3 ab (2.5) Lucky Lion ab (34.4) 22.1 bc (3.2) 53.8 ab (1.3) Butterbeans ab (10.4) 23.5 bc (1.9) 56.5 ab (3.3) Sapporo Midori ab (38.1) 22.7 bc (9.4) 53.3 ab (13.8) Yukimusume ab (5.2) 32.6 a (20.9) 54.6 ab (3.8) Sayamusume ab (59.3) 29.2 a (2.2) 53.3 ab (2.1) Misono-Greene ab (36.2) 22.0 bc (1.1) 54.8 ab (2.2) Kitanosuzu b (68.2) 17.9 c (1.4) 56.0 ab (2.9) SB ab (12.3) 25.7 abc (2.2) 54.3 ab (2.9) Kenko ab (46.9) 24.6 bc (1.3) 51.6 b (0. 6) Breeding Lines Wt. of 100 pods SD Wt. of 25 beans SD No. of beans/25 pods SD AGS ab (1.3) 21.5 bc (1.3) 51.6 b (2.1) AGS b (18.1) 24.0 b (4.5) 49.5 bc (8.6) AGS ab (55.7) 15.4 c (2.5) 48.3 bc (4.6) AGS a (177.2) 16.1 c (3.9) 50.5 b (3.0) AGS ab (25.6) 16.4 c (3.5) 49.5 bc (0.6) AGS ab (23.2) 17.1 c (3.5) 54.3 ab (2.5) AGS ab (38.1) 17.2 c (1.2) 52.0 b (2.2) AGS AGS AGS ab (6.5) 22.1 bc (2.8) 50.5 a (1.7) AGS ab (19.1) 23.6 bc (4.1) 47.3 c (6.3) AGS AGS AGS ab (21.7) 15.5 c (1.0) 60.5 a (0.7) AGS ab (46.6) 22.2 bc (1.2) 53.5 ab (0.6) AGS ab (11.2) 21.0 bc (1.1) 54.5 ab (1.7)
7 Table 4. Weight (grams) of pods with 2-3 beans (standard deviation), pods with 1 bean, and the weight of unmarketable pods, from 3-meter-row of edamame grown at Zenflora Farm, Western Washington, in Pods w/2-3 beans SD Pods w/ 1 bean SD Unmarketable pods SD White Lion a (183.1) 78.8 a (43.5) 13.5 a (0.2) Butterbeans ab (115.0) 75.2 a (44.0) 20.9 a (13.0) Lucky Lion ab (108.2) 63.3 a (36.0) 8.3 a (3.3) Sapporo Midori ab (136.4) 58.0 a (27.7) 10.6 a (2.6) Gion b (85.8) 60.2 a (9.7) 14.8 a (6.8) SB ab (144.9) 37.7 a (32.8) 5.3 a (5.4) Misono Green b (96.2) 43.5 a (12.1) 8.0 a (4.7) Yukimusume b (55.2) 38.2 a (6.6) 10.2 a (3.3) Sayamusume b (91.3) 64.9 a (33.8) 9.2 a (4.2) Table 5. Weight of 100 pods that were selected at random (standard deviation), weight of beans from 25 pods, and number of beans from 25 pods, for edamame grown at Zenflora Farm, western Washington, in Wt. of 100 pods SD Wt. of 25 beans SD No. of beans/25 pods SD White Lion a (66.7) 36.6 a (36.9) 57.8 a (4.6) Butterbeans a (54.4) 16.2 a (5.1) 54.5 a (1.3) Lucky Lion a (47.5) 19.1 a (6.9) 53.5 a (2.6) Sapporo Midori a (70.1) 17.1 a (7.9) 55.3 a (3.9) Gion a (21.8) 21.2 a (3.1) 53.0 a (1.4) SB a (23.6) 14.1 a (11.2) 51.2 a (13.7) Misono Green a (7.0) 22.9 a (0.7) 55.3 a (1.0) Yukimusume a (7.4) 24.3 a (2.0) 54.3 a (2.1) Sayamusume a (7.8) 27.1 a (1.9) 50.7 a (1.2) WSU Vegetable Research and Extension Agricultural Systems Last update: 06/05/02 by Alison Strobel Copyright Washington State University, Disclaimer Comments or questions about this page: milesc@wsu.edu
Carol A. Miles, Ph. D., Agricultural Systems Specialist 1919 NE 78 th Street Vancouver, Washington 98665
1 Carol A. Miles, Ph. D., Agricultural Systems Specialist 1919 NE 78 th Street Vancouver, Washington 98665 PHONE: 360-576-6030 FAX: 360-576-6032 EMAIL: milesc@wsu.edu URL: http://agsyst.wsu.edu Edamame
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