Analysing the energy consumption of air handling units by Hungarian and international methods
|
|
- Wilfrid Hancock
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Analysing te energy consumption of air andling units by Hungarian and international metods László Kajtár 1, Miklós Kassai 2,* 1,2 Budapest University of Tecnology and Economics (BUTE), Budapest, Hungary * Corresponding kas.miklos@gmail.com SUMMARY According to te 2002/91/EC, te Directive on te energy performance of buildings it is important to determine te expected energy consumption of te building in te step of te designing. Tere are imperfections in te actual available national and international regulations as for te metods to calculate te energy consumption of te air andling units. Te actual calculation metods caracterise te montly energy consumption only wit te average temperature or average entalpy wic takes into account te canging of te ambient air state only approximately. Te most actual calculation procedures also not consider te systems tat operate not continuously (only at nigt or in daytime). Based on te calculation procedure tat uses te ambient temperature and entalpy duration curves tese problems can be solved. A new calculation metod was worked out tat takes into consideration te air andling energy consumption wit te ambient temperature and entalpy duration curves. KEYWORDS Energy performance, HVAC and mecanical systems, Models, Modeling 1 INTRODUCTION Making a study of te international scientific literature, Erik Reicert worked out a calculation procedure in is P.D. tesis at te University of Applied Sciences Stuttgart, wit wic te net energy consumption of te air andling unit can be calculated (Erik Reicert, 2000). Te metod sepatares te Mollier -x cart into 4 parts in accordance wit te main canging processes of te air state (air umidification, cooling). Wit tis procedure te energy consumption of te air andling units can be calculated wit te elp of statistical, meteorological database suitable for te geograpic area of te analysed space. Similarly in Germany wit te leading of Professor Bert Oscatz a calculation metod was developed to determine te energy consumption of te air-conditioning systems. Tis metod uses specific values [W/m 3 ] to calculate te eating and cooling energy consumption of te air andling units also in montly period (Bettina Maria Scmidt, 2007). Claude-Alain Roulet as also developed a calculation procedure to determine te annual energy consumption of te air andling systems (Claude-Alain Roulet, 2002). From te developed metods also standards were made: VDI 2067 (Blatt 21) based on te researc work of Erik Reicert, DIN V /3/5/10 based on te researc work of Professor Bert Oscatz and EN ISO based on te researc work of Claude-Alain Roulet. Te timeliness of tis researc teme sows tat te current available calculation procedures enable te only te roug estimate of te energy consumption of air andling units. Te mentioned metods do not take into account of te eat and moisture load of te air andled space (L. Kajtár, M. Kassai, 2010).
2 During our researc our objective was to work out a calculation procedure wic is suitable for te analysis of te energy consumption of air andling units taking into account te different and complex air andling processes and te above mentioned inadequacies. 2 THE YSICAL MODEL Te developed calculation procedure is introduced in te article by a fres air supply air andling unit (AHU). Te connection diagram can be seen of fres supply air andling system on Figure 1. Te signs of te figure are te following: Pre-eater (), adiabatic umidifier (AH), Cooler (C), Re-eater (RH), Ventilator (V), Filter (F), Sutter against te rain (SH). Figure 1. Te connection diagram of te AHU During te cange of te ambient air state te pre-eater eats up te air up to a constant entalpy line tat is determined by te adiabatic umidifier, terefore te ambient entalpy duration curve as to be used to define te energy consumption of eating. On te ambient entalpy duration curve (Figure 2.) te air state parameters in te dimensioning pase are also sown as well as teir canges as te ambient air entalpy varies during te eating season. Te areas of te ambient entalpy duration curve tat represent te energy consumption of te pre-eater and te re-eater can be accordingly drawn. Trougout te calculation of te energy consumption of eating te supply and outgoing air parameters were assumed to be constant during te eating season. Tis approximation was also applied for te supply and outgoing parameters in te dimensioning pase for te cooling season in te summer. Figure 2. Te areas on te ambient entalpy duration curve
3 On Figure 2. can be seen te areas tat proportional to te daytime eating energy consumption of te air andling unit (07-19 ours). In compliance wit it te pysical and matematical equations were determined to calculate te energy consumption of te eaters in te fres air supply air andling unit. Te energy consumption of te pre-eater: ( ) Q = ρ V& F d [kj/year] (1) OS O were ρ is te air density in kg/m 3, V & is air volume flow in m 3 /, F O () is te ambient entalpy duration curve (07-19 ours), OS is te ambient entalpy in sizing state in te winter time in kj/kg, is te entalpy of te air after te pre-eater, wic is equal wit te entalpy by te adiabatic umidifier in kj/kg. Te energy consumption of te re-eater: RH ( ) Q = ρ V& F d [kj/year] (2) RH O were RH is te entalpy of te air after te re-eater, wic is equal wit te entalpy of supply air in kj/kg. Analyzing te cooling energy consumption te calculation procedure is similar in te summer time. Te dimensioning pase for te summer period is specified by te regulations (Figure 3.). Te average temperature of te surface of cooling coil ( t SA ) is about C wen te cooling water temperature is 7/12 C. Figure 3. Cooling process on te Mollier -x cart In ligt of te above mentioned data te area proportional to te energy consumption of te cooling coil can be drawn in te ambient entalpy duration curve. In consideration of te fact tat tere is condensation on te surface of te cooling coil, te ambient entalpy duration curve was used to determine te annual energy consumption of te cooling coil (Figure 4.).
4 Figure 4. Te area on te ambient entalpy duration curve tat represents te energy consumption of te cooling coil Te energy consumption of te cooling coil: OS [ 1 F ( ) ] Q C = ρ V& C O d [kj/year] (3) S were V & C is te air volume flow in te cooling coil in m 3 /, air in kj/kg. S is te entalpy of te supply In ligt of te energy consumption of te cooling coil te electricity consumption of te compressor can be calculated as follows [Carson Dunlop, 2003]: W = Q C /(SEER 3600) [kw/year] (4) C were SEER is te Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. By tis manner energy consumption of oter constructed air andling units were also determined. 3 THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL Te ambient temperature and entalpy duration curves are not known analytically, in tis manner te integral values tat we developed were determined wit appreciative numerical computing. We digitalized te duration curves from te scientific literature tat were fixed in tree ours period during te meteorological monitoring ten we placed points to te functions (Figure 5.). For tis task Autodesk AutoCAD 2006 program was rigt. Wittingly te scale of te duration curves te areas (te values of te integrals) could be computable numerical.
5 Figure 5. Application of spline interpolation wit Autodesk AutoCAD 2006 program In te matematical sciences te spline is a special function tat consists from more polynomial. Autodesk AutoCAD 2006 uses rational B-spline curbes (NURBS) (Joe Sutpin, 2005) 4 RESULTS In our researc work a comparative analysis was made between te new calculation procedure we ad developed and te existing international calculation metods. During our analysis te net energy consumption of tree air andling units for eating and cooling was determined and te volume flow rate of te air was 3000 m3/. Te energy analysis was performed using meteorological data for Budapest. Te elements of te AHUs are presented in Table 1. Te symbols are te following: eat recovery unit (HR), energy recovery unit (ER), pre-eater (), cooling coil (C), adiabatic umidifier (AH), steam umidifier (SH), Re-eater (RH). Table 1. Elements of te AHUs HR ER C AH SH RH AHU 1. X X X X X AHU 2. X X X X X AHU 3. X X X X Te annual net energy consumption of te analysed air andling units for eating and cooling can be seen in Tables 2-3. Table 2. Annual net energy consumption of te AHUs for eating Q H [kw/year] New metod Erik R. Bert O. Claude-A. R
6 Table 3. Annual net energy consumption of te AHUs for cooling Q C [kw/year] New metod Erik R. Bert O. Claude-A. R DISCUSSION Te new developed calculation procedure is also suitable for comparative energetic analysis of various constructed air andling units also in te design pase, considering te cost of te investment, te possibilities of te energy saving and te amount of te saved energy. By tis manner tere is also possibility to cose te lowest energy consumed system in te design pase. Te results tat are determined by te new calculation metod are important not only for te designing engineers wit respect to te energy conscious designing and te making of te energy performance certificate of buildings, but also for te investor, because te operating cost influences te rent cost. 6 CONCLUSIONS Te tables sow tat te results of te energy consumption different if calculated using te new procedure or te metod by Erik Reicert, Bert Oscatz, Calude-Alain Roulet. But in eac examined case (AHU 1-3.) te result of te international calculation metods is almost te same as te figures obtained troug te new calculation procedure. In te case of AHU 2 equipped wit an adiabatic umidifier tere is a larger difference wit regard to energy consumption for eating. In our view te present international metods do not take into consideration te iger energy consumption of te re-eater, caused by te adiabatic umidifier. Anoter reason for te different results is tat effective regulations define te montly energy consumption by a single figure only, e.g. average temperature or average entalpy wic only approximately takes into account te canging of te ambient state of te air. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Te researc work was supported by Sustainable Energy Program of BUTE Researc University. 7 REFERENCES Erik R Ein Verfaren zur Bestimmung des Energie- und Stoffaufwands zur Luftbeandlung bei raumlufttecniscen Anlagen, P.D. Tesis, ISBN , Universität Stuttgart, p Bettina M. Sc., Tomas H., Daniel F Der einface Weg zur DIN V (Teil 3.), IHKS Fac.Journal - Faczeitscrift für Planungsbüros, Anlagenbau, Öffentlice Hand und Facandel, p Claude-A. R pren-isp A Simplifield Metod to Assess te Annual Heating Energy Use in Buildings, ASHRAE Transactions, ISSN , Volume 108, Part 2, p L. Kajtár, M. Kassai Energy Consumption of Air Handling Units. Clima t REHVA World Congress, Antalya, ISBN , p Carson D Air conditioning & Heat Pumps, IL , p.126. Joe S AutoCAD 2006 VBA, A Programmer s Reference, ISBN , p. 593.
Physics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine. Section B: Brief Theory (condensed from Serway & Jewett)
Pysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine Section A: Introduction Te invention of steam engine played a very significant role in te Industrial Revolution from te late 1700s to early 1800s. Te
More informationOptimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank
Open Journal of Optimization 1 1 - ttp://.doi.org/1.36/ojop.1.1 Publised Online December 1 (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojop) Optimization Model of Oil-olume Marking wit Tilted Oil Tank Wei Xie 1 Xiaojing
More informationBalanced Binary Trees
Balanced Binary Trees 1 Binary searc trees provide O(log N) searc times provided tat te nodes are distributed in a reasonably balanced manner. Unfortunately, tat is not always te case and performing a
More informationOverall stability of multi-span portal sheds at right-angles to the portal spans
Overall stability of multi-span portal seds at rigt-angles to te portal spans SCI s Senior Manager for Standards, Carles M King, explains te approac for design of long-span portal seds. 1. Introduction
More informationHCR OF HEAT PUMP ROOM AIR CONDITIONER IN CHINA. Beijing , China
OF HEA PUMP ROOM AIR CONDIIONER IN CHINA Baolong Wang 1, Wenxing Si 1, uan Cen 1 1 Department of Building Sciencesingua University, Beijing 100084, Cina ABSRAC Definition of eating/cooling capacity ratio
More informationCalculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump
TECHNICAL REPORT Calculation of Teoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump Y. INAGUMA Tis paper describes numerical determination of teoretical torque (ideal torque) and teoretical stroke
More informationNumerical Simulation of Stresses in Thin-rimmed Spur Gears with Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidich
Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Tin-rimmed Spur Gears wit Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidic Tis paper contains an investigation of te key on a stress distribution in a tin-rimmed spur gear. A stress analysis
More informationANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 1450MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
Journal of Teoretical and Applied Information Tecnology 3 t September 2. Vol. 43 No.2 5-2 JATIT & LLS. All rigts reserved. ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 45MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM
More informationPrediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle heating using the inherent strain method
J Mar Sci Tecnol (005) 10:11 16 DOI 10.1007/s00773-005-00-5 Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle eating using te inerent strain metod Cang Doo Jang 1, Tae Hoon Kim, Dae Eun Ko 3, Tomas
More informationOD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA
OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA FROM DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOW TO DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER INDICATORS Gabriel NĂSTASE
More informationCalculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures
MATEC Web of Conferences 96, 005 (08) ttps://doi.org/0.05/matecconf/0896005 XXVII R-S-P Seminar 08, Teoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering Calculation Metodology of Translucent Construction Elements
More informationStudy of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED
Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED Danilina T.I., Cistoyedova I.A. and Popov A.A. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Lenina prospect
More information2 2D 2F. 1pc for each 20 m of wire. h (min. 45) h (min. 45) 3AC. see details J, E
TEXTILE AIR DIFFUSERS - - INSTRUCTIONS AIR FOR MOUNTING 1 1D 1F see details A, B, C 2 2D 2F see details A, B, C (min. 32) min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire
More informationRevision Topic 12: Area and Volume Area of simple shapes
Revision Topic : Area and Volume Area of simple sapes You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L b Area = lengt widt Area = base eigt = ½ b Parallelogram Trapezium a b
More informationGoal: Measure the pump curve(s)
Pump Performance Tes;ng Goal: Measure te pump curve(s) Head versus flow rate: Efficiency versus flow rate: Maximum ead at = 0 Maximum flow rate at = 0 η η = 0 wen = 0 and = 0 Maximum efficiency Pump tes;ng
More informationAWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator
AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator Resources and expertise are readily available to wine producers to manage efficient refrigeration supply and plant capacity. However, efficient management of winery
More information青藜苑教育 Example : Find te area of te following trapezium. 7cm 4.5cm cm To find te area, you add te parallel sides 7
青藜苑教育 www.tetopedu.com 00-6895997 3095457 Area of simple sapes Revision Topic : Area and Volume You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L Area = lengt widt Area = b base
More information234 The National Strategies Secondary Mathematics exemplification: Y7
234 Te National Strategies Secondary Matematics exemplification: Y7 Pupils sould learn to: Deduce and use formulae to calculate lengts, perimeters, areas and volumes in 2-D and 3-D sapes As outcomes, Year
More informationStudy of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle Power Plant
Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle ower lant Alfonso Junquera Delgado Departamento Mecánico, Empresarios Agrupados c\ Magallanes 3 Madrid 8003 ajd@empre.es Almudena Travesí de los Santos
More information16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders
Name Class Date 16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Essential Question: How do te formulas for te volume of a prism and cylinder relate to area formulas tat you already know? Explore G.11.D Apply te formulas
More informationInfluence of the mass flow ratio water-air on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a cooling tower
International Journal of CemTec Researc CODEN (UA): IJCRGG, IN: 974-49, IN(Online):455-9555 Vol.11 No.1, pp 167-173, 18 Influence of te mass flow ratio water-air on te volumetric mass transfer coefficient
More informationGround Improvement Using Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains
DISCUSSION of: Ground Improvement Using Preloading wit Prefabricated Vertical Drains Full Reference: Dar, A.S., Siddique, A., Ameen, S.F., (211). Ground Improvement using Pre-loading wit Prefabricated
More informationInternational Plant Protection Convention Page 1 of 10
International Plant Protection Convention Draft ISPM: Revision to Annex 1 and Annex 2 to ISPM 15 (Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade) 2006-010A&B [1]Draft revision of Annex 1
More informationRussell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand
MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-TJATER FLOWS FOR THE TOTAL FLOW TURBIlJE Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Researc Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand Hot water geotermal fields discarge steam-water
More information2. The differential pressure across control valves must not vary too much
2. Te differential pressre across control valves mst not vary too mc Common roblems roblems, typical indicating tat condition nmber two is not met: - Continos oscillation of room temperatre. - Room temperatres
More informationApplications. 38 Looking for Pythagoras. Find the missing length(s).
Applications. A rigt triangle as legs of lengt inces and inces. a. Find te area of a square drawn on te ypotenuse of te triangle. b. Wat is te lengt of te ypotenuse?. Use te Pytagorean Teorem to find te
More informationThe Economics Surrounding Premium Wine Production
The Economics Surrounding Premium Wine Production by Trent Ball 1 and Ray Folwell 2 1 Vineyard and Winery Technology Program, Chair, Yakima Valley Community College, and Partner, 2 Agri-Business Consultants
More informationPoint Pollution Sources Dimensioning
Point Pollution Sources Diensioning Georgeta CUCULEANU 1 ABSTRACT In tis paper a etod for deterining te ain pysical caracteristics of te point pollution sources is presented. It can be used to find te
More informationFixation effects: do they exist in design problem solving?
Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1993, volume 20, pages 333-345 Fixation effects: do tey exist in design problem solving? A T Purcell, P Williams, J S Gero, B Colbron Department of Arcitectural
More informationAnnex 16. Methodological Tool. Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane
CDM Met Panel Twenty-fourt meeting Page 1 Metodological Tool Tool to determine project emissions from flaring es containing metane I. DEFINITIONS, SCOPE, APPLICABILITY AND PARAMETERS Definitions For te
More informationVariance Estimation of the Design Effect
JSM 013 - Survey Researc Metods Section Variance Estimation of te Design Effect Alberto Padilla Banco de México Abstract Sample size determination is a crucial part of te planning process of a survey and
More informationTo find the volume of a pyramid and of a cone
- Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Common Core State Standards G-GMD.A. Use volume formulas for... pyramids, cones... to solve problems. G-MG.A. Use geometric sapes, teir measures, and teir properties to
More informationResults from the studies of the yield parameters of Hungarian sunflower after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of the seeds
Results from the studies of the yield parameters of Hungarian sunflower after pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment of the seeds Laszlo Romhany, Sándor Vágvőlgyi, Ivan Palov, Kiril Sirakov, Svetoslav Zahariev,
More informationReflections on the drinking bowl 'Balance'
Supplement to Fun wit oueold object and centre of ma, originally publied in te German journal Pyik in unerer Zeit, 9-96 eflection on te drinking bowl Balance I te bowl made of maive tainle teel? No: ma
More informationANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA
ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA Agatha POPESCU University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, 59 Marasti, District
More informationActivity 10. Coffee Break. Introduction. Equipment Required. Collecting the Data
. Activity 10 Coffee Break Economists often use math to analyze growth trends for a company. Based on past performance, a mathematical equation or formula can sometimes be developed to help make predictions
More informationResearch regarding the setting up of the Processing Directions of Peach New Cultivars and Hybrids
Roumanian Biotecnological Letters Vol. 13, No. 5, 2008, pp. 3955 3961 Copyrigt 2008 Bucarest University Printed in Romania. All rigts reserved Roumanian Society of Biological Sciences ORIGINAL PAPER Researc
More informationTORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION
UNIVERSITY OF PITESTI SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN FACULTY OF MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY AUTOMOTIVE series, year XVII, no.1 ( 3 ) TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION 1 Ciobotaru, Ticuşor *, 1 Vînturiş,
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntecOpen, te world s leading publiser of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,500 108,000 1.7 M Open access books available International autors and editors Downloads Our autors
More informationRussian Fishmeal Market 2015
March 2016 Russian Fishmeal Market 2015 MacUser Report 111 Photo: www.kombikorm.org Russian Fisheries Research Group - Russian Seafood Market and Fisheries Research and Analytics - CONTENT Introduction.
More informationEssential Question How can you find the surface area and the volume of a cone? 3 in. π
11.7 Suface Aeas and Volumes of Cones Essential Question How can you find te suface aea and te volume of a cone? Finding te Suface Aea of a Cone Wok wit a patne. Constuct a cicle wit a adius of 3 inces.
More informationBIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL
BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL A. D. Williams, M. E. Lyall, L. E. Underwood, and B. J. Arritt Air Force Researc Laboratory,
More informationConvective Drying of Ginger Rhizomes
Proceedings of te World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 217 Vol II WCECS 217, October 25-27, 217, San Francisco, USA Convective Drying of Ginger Rizomes Gbasouzor Austin Ikecukwu, Member IAENG,
More informationStructural optimal design of grape rain shed
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 31 (2012) 751 755 International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation Structural optimal design of grape rain shed
More informationThe Hungarian simulation model of wine sector and wine market
1 The Hungarian simulation model of wine sector and wine market Szenteleki, K. 1, Botos, E. P. 2, Szabó, A. 2, Ladanyi, M. 1 1 Corvinus University of Budapest, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Department
More informationEffect of SPT Hammer Energy Efficiency in the Bearing Capacity Evaluation in Sands
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE 17) Barcelona, Spain April 2 4, 2017 Paper No. ICGRE 123 ISSN: 2371-5294 DOI: 10.11159/icgre17.123 Effect
More information4.2 Using Similar Shapes
LESSON 4.2 Using Similar Sapes Proportionalit 7.5. Generalize te critical attributes of similarit, including ratios witin and between similar sapes. ESSENTIL QUESTION How can ou use similar sapes to find
More informationApplication Note No. 184/2015
Application Note No. 184/2015 Fat determination in Yogurt Extraction Unit E-816 ECE: Fat Determination in Yogurt samples using Twisselmann and Soxhlet extraction www.buchi.com Quality in your hands 1.
More informationThe aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A.
The aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A. The research objectives are: to study the history and importance of grape
More informationTHE REDESIGNED CANADIAN MONTHLY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SURVEY: A POSTMORTEM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
ASA Section on Survey Researc Metods THE REDESIGNED CANADIAN MONTHLY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SURVEY: A POSTMORTEM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION Julie Trépanier, Statistics Canada Julie Trépanier, Business Survey
More informationBuying Filberts On a Sample Basis
E 55 m ^7q Buying Filberts On a Sample Basis Special Report 279 September 1969 Cooperative Extension Service c, 789/0 ite IP") 0, i mi 1910 S R e, `g,,ttsoliktill:torvti EARs srin ITQ, E,6
More informationCO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY
CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY Paul G. Andersen, Coperion Corporation, Ramsey, NJ Frank Lecner, Coperion GmbH, Stuttgart,
More informationDesign of Conical Strainer and Analysis Using FEA
International Journal of Engineering Science Invention (IJESI) ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 7 Issue 2 Ver. V February 2018 PP. 61-65 Design of Conical Strainer and Analysis
More informationDecolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using in Cosmetics
International Journal of Sciences Research Article (ISSN 235-3925) Volume 1, Issue Oct 212 http://www.ijsciences.com Decolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using
More informationEffects of Drying and Tempering Rice Using a Continuous Drying Procedure 1
RICE QUALITY AND PROCESSING Effects of Drying and Tempering Rice Using a Continuous Drying Procedure 1 J.W. Fendley and T.J. Siebenmorgen ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to determine the effects
More informationNetworking. Optimisation. Control. WMF Coffee Machines. Digital Solutions 2017.
Networking. Optimisation. Control. WMF Coffee Machines. Digital Solutions 2017. Contents Coffee business meets big data. Optimisation 6 WMF CoffeeConnect. The telemetry solution. 6 Optimisation of processes.
More informationFACTORS DETERMINING UNITED STATES IMPORTS OF COFFEE
12 November 1953 FACTORS DETERMINING UNITED STATES IMPORTS OF COFFEE The present paper is the first in a series which will offer analyses of the factors that account for the imports into the United States
More informationSOLUTIONS IN BRIX MEASUREMENT
SOLUTIONS IN BRIX MEASUREMENT APPLICATIONS OF DT301-TOUCHÉ IN SUGAR & ALCOHOL INDUSTRIES I ABSTRACT: Based on the success of the product, concentration and density transmitter SMAR, DT301- Touché, close
More informationLászló Mester. The new physical-mechanical theory of granular materials
László Mester Te new pysical-mecanical teory of granular materials 9 - - Contents Introduction 3 Granular material as a distinct state of matter 4 Pysical properties of te granular material in relation
More informationStructural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis
Structural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis D. Susanto, C. P. Rosson, and R. Costa Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas INTRODUCTION
More informationDescription of Danish Practices in Retail Trade Statistics.
Description of Danis Practices in Retail Trade Statistics. 1. Statistical units and reporting units Units and population Te enterprises in te Retail Trade Index are all legal units. In te Central Business
More informationSUDAN EXPERIENCE IN Reducing Post harvest losses SALAH BAKHIET& WIDAD ABDELRAHMAN
8 TH MEETING OF THE COMCEC AGRICULTURE WORKING GROUP ANKARA OCTOBER 2016 SUDAN EXPERIENCE IN Reducing Post harvest losses SALAH BAKHIET& WIDAD ABDELRAHMAN Reducing Post harvest losses in Horticultural
More informationTHE EFFECTS OF FINAL MOLASSES AND SUGAR PURITY VALUES ON THE CALCULATION OF 96 0 SUGAR AND FACTORY RECOVERY INDEX. Heera Singh
THE EFFECTS OF FINAL MOLASSES AND SUGAR PURITY VALUES ON THE CALCULATION OF 96 0 SUGAR AND FACTORY RECOVERY INDEX BY Heera Singh Worthy Park Estate Ltd. INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is not
More informationCut the cost of coffee in an instant
Case Study Cut the cost of coffee in an instant If you produce instant coffee you could cut packaging costs by more than 20% by moving to Best in Class packaging weights. That s the conclusion of WRAP
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
STERILE CONTAINER SYSTEMS BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves
More informationOF THE VARIOUS DECIDUOUS and
(9) PLAXICO, JAMES S. 1955. PROBLEMS OF FACTOR-PRODUCT AGGRE- GATION IN COBB-DOUGLAS VALUE PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS. JOUR. FARM ECON. 37: 644-675, ILLUS. (10) SCHICKELE, RAINER. 1941. EFFECT OF TENURE SYSTEMS
More informationMath Practice Use a Formula
9.4 Volumes of Prisms How can you find te volume of a prism? ACTIVITY: Pearls in a Treasure Cest Work wit a partner. A treasure cest is filled wit valuable pearls. Eac pearl is about centimeter in diameter
More informationFarm Structure Survey 2009/2010 Survey on agricultural production methods 2009/2010
Farm Structure Survey 2009/2010 Survey on agricultural production metods 2009/2010 National Metodological Report (NMR) According to Art. 12 of Regulation (EC) No 1166/2008 of te European Parliament and
More informationGas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exhaust Mechanism in Internal Combustion Engine
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Tecnology Vol:7, No:4, 13 Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exaust Mecanism in Internal Combustion Engine R. Usubamatov, Z. A. Rasid International Science
More informationVolumes of Pyramids. Essential Question How can you find the volume of a pyramid?
11.6 Volumes of Pyramids Essential Question How can you find te volume of a pyramid? Finding te Volume of a Pyramid Work wit a partner. Te pyramid and te prism ave te same eigt and te same square base.
More information1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE
BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves bot in bottom and lid
More informationA Research on Traditionally Avilable Sugarcane Crushers
International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing Science. ISSN 2249-3115 Volume 7, Number 1 (2017), pp. 77-85 Research Foundation http://www.rfgindia.com A Research on Traditionally Avilable Sugarcane
More informationRelation between Grape Wine Quality and Related Physicochemical Indexes
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(4): 557-5577, 013 ISSN: 040-7459; e-issn: 040-7467 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 013 Submitted: October 1, 01 Accepted: December 03,
More informationThe MEURABREW: the brewhouse of the future!
The MEURABREW: the brewhouse of the future! ABSTRACT In the last two decades, important brewhouse performances have been achieved. For example, the productivity of brewhouses increased from 8-10 brews/day
More informationPaper Reference IT Principal Learning Information Technology. Level 3 Unit 2: Understanding Organisations
Centre No. Candidate No. Surname Signature Paper Reference(s) IT302/01 Edexcel Principal Learning Information Technology Level 3 Unit 2: Understanding Organisations Wednesday 3 June 2009 Morning Time:
More informationBEEF Effect of processing conditions on nutrient disappearance of cold-pressed and hexane-extracted camelina and carinata meals in vitro 1
BEEF 2015-05 Effect of processing conditions on nutrient disappearance of cold-pressed and hexane-extracted camelina and carinata meals in vitro 1 A. Sackey 2, E. E. Grings 2, D. W. Brake 2 and K. Muthukumarappan
More informationEconomic and environmental feasibility study of water hyacinth briquette in Cirata Reservoir
Economic and environmental feasibility study of water hyacinth briquette in Cirata Reservoir Tauny Akbari 1* 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Banten Jaya, Serang, Banten, 42117, Indonesia
More informationValidation Report: Total Sulfite Assay Kit (cat. no. K-TSULPH)
Validation Report: Total Sulfite Assay Kit (cat. no. K-TSULPH) 1. Scope Megazyme s Total Sulfite Assay Kit (K-TSULPH) is a reliable and accurate method used for the rapid measurement and analysis of total
More informationMath GPS. 2. Art projects include structures made with straws this week.
Number of Plants Mat GPS. List te measurements in order from greatest to least., inces,5 feet mile 75 yards Greatest. Art projects include structures made wit straws tis week. Number of Projects, p Total
More informationEffect of Twisted-tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube
Effect of Twisted-tae Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube Watcarin Nootong, Smit Eiamsa-ard and Pongjet Promvonge, * Deartment of Mecanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDISATION OF FORMULATED BAKED PRODUCTS USING MILLETS
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences (IMPACT: IJRANSS) ISSN(E): 2321-8851; ISSN(P): 2347-4580 Vol. 2, Issue 9, Sep 2014, 75-78 Impact Journals DEVELOPMENT AND
More informationInstallation the DELTABEAM Frame
Tese installation instructions are intended to be used togeter wit te project s erection metod statement were te instructions may be complemented. If tere are differences between te erection metod statement
More informationSTUDY AND IMPROVEMENT FOR SLICE SMOOTHNESS IN SLICING MACHINE OF LOTUS ROOT
STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT FOR SLICE SMOOTHNESS IN SLICING MACHINE OF LOTUS ROOT Deyong Yang 1,*, Jianping Hu 1,Enzhu Wei 1, Hengqun Lei 2, Xiangci Kong 2 1 Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and
More informationINTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS
INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS Nothing Too Big, Too Small or Too Special When unwanted solid material has to be removed from flowing fluids in order to protect equipment, a HAYWARD Strainer
More informationSTA Module 6 The Normal Distribution
STA 2023 Module 6 The Normal Distribution Learning Objectives 1. Explain what it means for a variable to be normally distributed or approximately normally distributed. 2. Explain the meaning of the parameters
More informationSTA Module 6 The Normal Distribution. Learning Objectives. Examples of Normal Curves
STA 2023 Module 6 The Normal Distribution Learning Objectives 1. Explain what it means for a variable to be normally distributed or approximately normally distributed. 2. Explain the meaning of the parameters
More informationSubject to sale, withdrawal or error. Published on 09/19/16
SHOE BAR RANCH ECTOR COUNTY, TEXAS 25,572.35 Acres, More or Less We are proud to ave obtained an exclusive listing on one of te best Permian Basin rances to be offered for sale in sometime, te Soe Bar
More informationThermal Hydraulic Analysis of 49-2 Swimming Pool Reactor with a. Passive Siphon Breaker
Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of 49-2 Swimming Pool Reactor with a Passive Siphon Breaker Zhiting Yue 1, Songtao Ji 1 1) China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE), Beijing 102413, China Corresponding author:
More informationMorphological Characteristics of Greek Saffron Stigmas from Kozani Region
Morphological Characteristics of Greek Saffron Stigmas from Kozani Region Theodora Mitsopoulou and Maria Z. Tsimidou Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemistry Laboratory of Food Science
More informationEvaluating a harvest control rule of the NEA cod considering capelin
The 17th Russian Norwegian Symposium Long term sustainable management of living marine resources in the Northern Seas Bergen, March 2016 Evaluating a harvest control rule of the NEA cod considering capelin
More informationThe Elasticity of Substitution between Land and Capital: Evidence from Chicago, Berlin, and Pittsburgh
The Elasticity of Substitution between Land and Capital: Evidence from Chicago, Berlin, and Pittsburgh Daniel McMillen University of Illinois Ph.D., Northwestern University, 1987 Implications of the Elasticity
More informationFood and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev. 2
Food and beverage services statistics - NACE Rev. 2 Statistics Explained Data extracted in October 2015. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database. This article presents
More informationComparison of standard penetration test methods on bearing capacity of shallow foundations on sand
Scientific Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (213) 2(2) 72-78 ISSN 2322-2956 Contents lists available at Sjournals Journal homepage: www.sjournals.com Original article Comparison of standard penetration
More informationBNI of kinds of corn chips (descriptive statistics)
Site: Wiki of Science at http://wikiofscience.wikidot.com Source page: 20121025 - BNI of kinds of corn chips (descriptive statistics) - 2012 at http://wikiofscience.wikidot.com/print:20121025-bni-kind-corn-chip-perezgonzalez2012
More informationDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ARECA NUT PROCESSING UNIT
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ARECA NUT PROCESSING UNIT PROJECT REFERENCE NO.: 40S_BE_1160 COLLEGE : ST JOSEPH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, VAMANJOOR, MANGALURU BRANCH : DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING GUIDE
More informationDevelopment and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour. Marta Gonzaga. Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia
Development and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour Marta Gonzaga Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia 1 Introduction Bread is one of the oldest functional
More informationGIGA X7. Technical data. JURA standards. Variable brewing unit, from 5 g to 16 g. Intelligent Pre-Brew Aroma System (I.P.B.A.S. )
JURA standards Variable brewing unit, from 5 g to 16 g Intelligent Pre-Brew Aroma System (I.P.B.A.S. ) Intelligent preheating Active bean monitoring Energy Save Mode (E.S.M. ) High-performance pump, 15
More informationACME Fluid Systems. Strainer Selection Guidelines Web:
ACME Fluid Systems Strainer Selection Guidelines E-mail: info@strainersindia.com Web: www.strainersindia.com Introduction This document provides a general introduction to the parameters to be kept in mind
More informationHEAT TREATMENTS OF BARRELS FOR WINE MAKING
Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula Protecţia Mediului Vol. XXI, 2013 HEAT TREATMENTS OF BARRELS FOR WINE MAKING Lucaci Codruţa*, Lustun Liana Marta*, Cheregi Gabriel*, Fetea Marius*, Galiş Ioan*,
More informationPRODUCT REGISTRATION: AN E-GUIDE
PRODUCT REGISTRATION: AN E-GUIDE Introduction In the EU, biocidal products are only allowed on the market if they ve been authorised by the competent authorities in the Member States in which they will
More information