ExplorationColonizationPart1.notebook October 09, 2018

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2 "a disk floating on a great ocean", only 3 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa) life was hard enough, focused on own survival religious wars led to more trade with people in Asia and Africa (the Crusades) revival of learning in Europe (Renaissance) lots of Europeans traveled outside of their towns for the first time and experienced new things (food, fabrics, etc) increase in trade led to increase in knowledge (ideas were traded too!) burst of learning (arts, sciences, etc) lasted from wanted to make money by trading with Asian lands but Italian and Arab merchants controlled trade routes across the Med. Sea founded school to help sailors, encouraged people to sail south along African coast 1488 reached southern tip of Africa 1498 sailed around Africa and made it to India tool that helped determine position of stars and figure out latitude at sea *sailors could figure out more accurate location needle always pointed north *helped ship captains sail a straight line ship that had triangular sails and a steering rudder *could sail against the wind

3 The Crusades With the heighten demands for Asian goods discovered during the Crusades, European Monarchs were looking for ways to increase trade (which would increase profit). However, Muslim merchants controlled the Mediterranean Sea, forcing Europeans to find a different trading route. The Portuguese sailors were some of the first to sail to Asia to obtain spices and other goods. Prince Henry or Henry the Navigator was a supporter of European exploration and helped with the creation of the caravel. With his guidance, Portuguese sailors continued to launch voyages around Africa to get to Asia. In 1497 Vasco de Gama successfully made the trip around Africa to Asia. Once he made it to India, de Gama was introduced to an abundance of valuable spices. But Spain wanted a piece of the wealth as well

4 oods od lory old reed looking for new trade routes to buy/sell goods ($) wanted to spread Christianity around the world wanted fame and recognition for self and country looking for wealth and riches for self and country competition with other nations (POWER) Ferdinand Isabella Christopher Columbus GOD spread Christianity new trade routes to Asia west Atlantic Ocean August 3, 1492 Caribbean Sea Asia India GOODS Spain gold other riches Indians 3 Christopher Columbus BrainPOP

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6 ExplorationColonizationPart1.notebook October 09, 2018 Christopher Columbus Columbus landed in the Bahamas, present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic, in 1492 After three months, Columbus returned to Spain to show the King what he found including the riches and natives In 1493 he founded the first Spanish colony Hispanola The picture illustrates Columbus about to set sail on his voyage to India. Who's hand is Columbus kissing? Why would he do that? Who is kneeling beside the boat? Why do you think that is happening? What type of ship may Columbus and his crew of 90 men used to travel across the ocean?

7 territory settled by and ruled by a distant land (country) conquerors sent from Spain to establish colonies in the New World (America) territory in the New World colonized by Spain mostly in Latin America DISEASES Conquistadors BrainPOP Spanish brought smallpox, measles, flu that N.A. did not have immunity to ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Spanish had more powerful weapons (guns, armor, horses to fight on) that N.A. couldn't compete with ENCOMIENDAS Spanish enslaved N.A. and forced them to work in mines/ on fields in harsh, dangerous conditions DEPLETED RESOURCES Spanish took resources for their profits (gold, sugar, etc.) FORCED ASSIMILATION Spanish set up missions to convert N.A. to Christianity and adopt their culture N.A. population drastically declined (MILLIONS DIED!) N.A. cultures were impacted by the Spanish

8 ExplorationColonizationPart1.notebook Effects on Native Americans The Spanish believed that they were entitled to the land and resources, enslaving the Native Americans to work on the land for them. In the encomienda system, or system of forced labor, Native Americans worked long hours in the hot sun, without sufficient breaks or food. They were monitored by armed Native Americans lacked immunity to conquistadors and other European diseases, because they had Spanish colonists, who at never been exposed to them before. In times, used brutal force. addition, they did not have medical treatments for them. October 09, 2018

9 movement of goods and ideas between the Eastern (Old World) and Western (New World) Hemispheres Columbian Exchange BrainPOP new animals (horses, pigs) and plants (grapes, wheat) thrived in New World potatoes and corn introduced in Europe supported rapid population growth! natives had no immunity to germs that caused diseases (over 20 million died within first 100 years after Europeans arrived) brought sugar cane to New World which led to demand for slave labor definitions highlighted in reading on next page

10 *write a couple words in the space below each paragraph to summarize the main idea

11 Atlantic Slave Trade: trade route between Europeans and American colonists of African slaves created to replaced the depleting source of free labor in Central America (Native Americans)

12 trade route from Europe to Africa to New World, then back to Europe second leg of triangular trade route (brought slaves from Africa to New World)

13 direct water route from Europe to Asia never discovered St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes Quebec, Northern Canda lacked warm climate, fertile soil Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain missionaries hoped to convert N.A.'s *King required Catholicism to be practiced controlled by French King couldn't farm, relied on fur trade with N.A.'s = fur for clothing, weapons, tools then sold furs to Europeans allied with Huron, Algonquin didn't interfere with native culture and territory natives taught French how to trap animals, fish, build canoes along Hudson River from New Amsterdam (NYC) to Fort Orange (Albany) settlements scattered throughout colony Henry Hudson religious tolerance (freedom) could practice any religion *attracted colonists from all over Europe never established successful gov't in colony Peter Styuvesant tried but ruled like dictator fur trade with N.A.'s = traded weapons, tools, clothes in exchange for furs allied with Iroquois positive, friendly

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