Chapter 16: The First Global Age ( ) First Encounters: Columbus landed in the islands that are now called the West Indies Tainos lived in

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1 Chapter 16: The First Global Age ( ) First Encounters: Columbus landed in the islands that are now called the West Indies Tainos lived in villages and grew corn, yams, and cotton, which they wove into cloth Spanish conquistadors followed in the wake of Columbus They settled in the islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico They seized the gold ornaments worn by the Tainos, then made them pan for more gold Ruling the Spanish Empire: Spain claimed a vast empire stretching from California to South America It then divided into five provinces Spain was determined to maintain strict control over its empire To achieve this they king setup the council of the Indies to pass laws for the colonies He also let up, or representations who ruled his name, in each province The Catholic Church: To Spain, spreading Christianity was as important as going land The Catholic Church played a key role in the colonies, working with the government to convert Native Americans to spread Christianity Franciscan, Jesuit, and other missionaries baptized thousands of Native Americans They built mission churches and worked to turn new converts into loyal subjects of the Catholic king of Spain. They forcibly imposed European culture over Native American culture The Economy: Empire profitable, Spain closely controlled its economic actives Colonists could export raw material only to Spain and could buy only Spanish goods The most valuable resources shipped profitable was a major problem Disease, starvation, and cruel treatment caused catastrophic declines in the population Social Structure: Top of colonial society were peninsulas, people born in Spain These people filled the highest positions in both colonial governments are the Catholic Church Other social groups reflected the mixing of populations Native Americans and people of African descent formed the lowest city in the world Cities: Spanish settlers preferred to live in towns and cities The population of Mexico City grew quickly Colonial cities were centers of government, commerce, or square, stood government buildings and a Spanish-style church. Cities were also centers of intellectual and cultural life

2 Education: The University of Mexico was established Women wished an education might enter a convent A dozen of universities were busy educating young men long before Harvard Cultural Blending: Settlers learned Native American styles of building, ate foods native to the Americans, and traveled in Indian-style canoes They introduced animals, especially the horse, that transformed the lives of many Native Americans Africans added to this cultural mix with their farming methods, cooking styles, and crops, including okra and palm oil Africans forged new religious that blended African and Christian beliefs The Portuguese Colony in Brazil The Economy: Brazil offered no instant wealth from silver or gold early settlers clung to the coast, where they cut and exported brazilwood, used to produce a precious dye They turned to plantation agriculture and cattle raising They forced Indians and Africans to clear land for sugar plantations A New Culture: A new culture emerged in Brazil that blended European, Native American, and African patterns The European culture dominated the upper and middles class, but Native American and African influenced left their mark Challenging Spanish Power: The wealth of the American helped make Spain the most powerful country in Europe European nations challenged Spain's power in various ways Privateers even operated with the approval of European governments Nations explored the coasts and planted settlements in North America Building New France: Slow Growth: French explorers and fur traders traveled inland, claiming vast territory The population in New France grew slowly Wealthy landlords owned huge tracts, or areas of land, along the St. Lawrence River Many who went to New France soon abandoned farming in favor of fur trapping and trading Government Policy: French king Louis XIV set out to strengthen royal power and boost revenues He appointed officials to oversee justice and economic activities in New France

3 he prohibited Protestants from settling in New France The 13 English colonies expanding the Atlantic Coast The 13 English Colonies: English built their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607 Early years complete disaster Many settlers died of starvation and disease They began to grow and export tobacco, a crop they learned about from the Indians Many Pilgrims dies in the early years of the Plymouth colony Local Indians, however, taught them to grow corn and helped them survive in the new land A new wave of Puritan immigrants arrived to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colon y 102 people on the Mayflower 72 men and women 30 children No room to do anything Can't eat Can't sleep Very crowded Conditions Some slept on straw on the floor Many became very sea sick 13 English Colonies continued Many pilgrims died on the early years of the Plymouth colony Local Indians taught them to grow corn and help them survive in the new land Soon a new wave of Puritan immigrants aimed to establish the Massachusetts BAY Colony In the 1600s and 170ss the English established the 13 colonies Competing for Power By the 1600s Spain, France and England and the Netherlands were competing for Colonies and trade around the world All four had colonies had colonies in NA where they over territory During the 1700s, Britain and France emerged as bitter rivals for the power of the globe In NA, the French and Indian War raged form The seven years' war between the British and French erupted in 1756 The Peace Treaty The 1763 Treaty of Paris officially ended the world-wide war The Treaty ensured British dominance in NA France ceded Canada and its lands east of the Mississippi River to Britain Impact of the Native Americas The Native American population of NA plummeted Disease weakened or killer large numbers In 1608, there were about 30,00 Algonquins in VA. In 1670, there were only 2,000 The Indian way of life helped shape emerging new culture in NA

4 They learned to grow corn, beans, squash, and tomatoes. They learned to hunt and trap animals Section 5: Changes in Europe From the Americans, Europeans brought home a variety of foods including tomatoes pumpkins and peppers Probably the most important foods from Americas were corn and potatoes Potato was easy to grow and helped feed Europe's rapid population expansion Food to the Americas At the same time, Europeans carried a wide variety of plants and animals to the Americans Wheat and grapes from Europe. bananas and sugar cane from Africa and Asia Cattle such as pigs, goats and chickens added protein to the Native American diet Horses and donkeys changed the way of life by giving people more effective ways to hunt Impact of Population By the 1700s, corn, potatoes, beans tomatoes were contributed to population growth around world While other factors helped account for population boom, new food crops from Americas were a key cause Inflation The economic cycle that involves a rise in prices linked to a sharp increase amount of money available is called melitids. European inflation had many cases: As population grew, demand for goods and services rise cause goods and services rose. Caused goods were scares, sellers could raise their prices Inflation was also fueled by an increased flow of silver and gold Commercial Revolution Expanded trade and the push for overseas empires spurred growth of European capitalism Entrepreneurs or enterprising merchants organized, managed and assumed the risk of doing business Mercantilism Mercantilism- an economic policy aimed at strengthening national economics Mercantilists supported several basic ideas. They believed that a nation's wealth was measured by its gold and silver treasure To build its supply of gold and silver, they said, a nation must export more goods than it imported Mercantilism is an economic doctrine based on the theory that a nation benefits by accumulating monitory reserves through a positive balance of trade, especially of finished goods It called for government regulation of a nation's economy in order to increase its power at the expense of rival nations This was supported by Europeans The lives of ordinary People With Europe's growing cities, there were significant differences in wealth- power Trade grew, lawyers gained importance for their skills in writing contracts

5 Middle-class families enjoyed a comfortable life. Servants cooked, cleaned and waited on them Journeymen or other laborers were not as lucky.they often lived in crowded quarters on edge of poverty Family European families were patriarcnal a husband/father was responsible for behavior of wife and children