Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies,

Transcription

1 Chapter 2 The Planting of English America, Chapter 3 Settling the Northern Colonies,

2 Characteristics of European Settlement in North America Spain: Florida, Mexico, SW Conquistadores, encomienda & slave labor system for profits! Spanish missionaries (ex: Bartolome de las Casas)

3 Mission San Antonio de Padua

4 Characteristics of European Settlement in North America France: Canada, Great Lakes, Louisiana Jesuit missionaries Fur traders

5 Characteristics of European Settlement in North America Settlers from the Netherlands (Dutch) and Sweden also established colonies in present day U.S.

6

7 British Colonies Early colonial ventures were funded by joint-stock companies. Seal of the King, Virginia Company

8 Types of Colonies Royal colonies owned by the King King James I of England

9 Types of Colonies Proprietary colonies basically land grants given to an individual from the King. Appointed colonial governors report to the King. William Penn

10 Types of Colonies Charter Colonies - a charter is granted by the King establishing the rules by which the colony would be run. Typically more self-governance Seal of Massachusetts Bay Company

11 Questions?

12 England s Imperial Stirrings The English hoped to follow Spain s example of finding great wealth in the New World, and that influenced the financing and founding of the five colonies along the southeastern seacoast of North America. (MD, VA, NC, SC, GA)

13

14

15 The Southern Colonies Although varying somewhat in origins and character, all these colonies exhibited: plantation agriculture indentured and slave labor a tendency toward strong economic and social hierarchies a pattern of widely scattered, institutionally weak settlements.

16 The Southern Colonies This same focus also helped create economic and cultural ties between the early southern colonies and English settlements in the West Indies.

17

18 Race Relations The early southern colonies encounters with Indians and African slaves established the patterns of race relations that would shape the North American experience Warfare and reservations for the Indians and lifelong slave codes for African Americans.

19 New England and Middle Colonies Religious and political turmoil in England shaped settlement in New England and the middle colonies. Religious persecution in England pushed the Separatists into Plymouth and Quakers into Pennsylvania

20 New England Colonies Developed a fairly homogeneous social order based on religion and semicommunal family and town settlements. Principles of American government developed in New England with the beginnings of written constitutions and with glimpses of self-rule.

21

22 Middle Colonies New Netherland (New York), PA, NJ, DE developed with far greater political, ethnic, religious, and social diversity represented a more cosmopolitan middle ground between the tightly knit New England towns and the scattered, hierarchical plantation in the South.

23 THE END

24 England Plants the Jamestown Seedling The Virginia Company s charter guaranteed the colonists the same rights as Englishmen and developed an early form of representative self-government.

25 Virginia: Child of Tobacco Tobacco cultivation with the plantation system established by John Rolfe brought prosperity and population growth.

26 The West Indies Under English colonists, Caribbean islands prospered by using enormous numbers of enslaved Africans to work large sugar plantations.

27

28 p33

29 Other Southern Colonies By 1732, all of the original 13 colonies are established. The Carolinas developed as broad acred plantation economies based on cash crops (tobacco and rice). Georgia created mostly as a buffer with Spain & haven for debtors.

30 Map 2-2 p35

31 English Puritans found New England Colonies Seeking religious freedom from Europe. Plymouth colony (1620) Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

32 p42

33 English Puritans found New England Colonies Because of the close alignment of religion and politics, MBC banished those who challenged religious orthodoxy (Anne Hutchinson & Roger Williams) A City Upon a Hill

34 Map 3-1b p44

35 Other New England Colonies Rhode Island - by far the most religiously and politically tolerant. Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshire all originated in MBC. Although they shared a common way of life, they developed with a substantial degree of independence.

36 Map 3-2 p46

37 Middle Colonies New York, founded as New Netherland by the Dutch, conquered in 1664 by the English. Pennsylvania, founded as a Quaker haven by William Penn in Both colonies were ethnically diverse, economically ambitious, and politically quarrelsome.

38 Map 3-4 p51

39 p51

40 p53

41 p53

42 p54

43 p56

44 Cultural Clashes in the New World Jamestown settlers clashed with native tribes led by Powhatan By 1685 the English considered them extinct 3 D s

45 p28

46 Cultural Clashes in the New World N. & S. Carolina fought wars against Indians, selling captives into slavery. By 1720 all coastal Indian tribes in the South were devastated.

47 p30

48 Cultural Clashes in the New World English settlers in New England brutally wiped out the Pequots in 1637 Metacom (King Philip) launched an unsuccessful war in 1675 against NE colonists destroying 20% of settlements but losing ¼ of the natives

49 The Indians New World Rival Indian tribes allied for trade and defense with Europeans Societies underwent their own substantial changes as a result of warfare, disease, trade, and the migration of Indians from the Atlantic coast to inland areas.

50 p47

51 Table 2-2 p34