101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Taxo: Cactaceae Rhipsalis baccifera Som: Casstha baccifera Solad. ex J. Mill. Commo Name: mistletoe cactus Rhipsalis cassutha Gaert. Nopalillo-mal ojo Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 1 of 6

2 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score 0 Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 2 of 6

3 Supportig Data: Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Fauco, P.. Mistletoe Cactus. Desert- Tropicals, ra.html Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: Mistletoe Cactus; Rhipsalis baccifera. Dave's Garde, Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Lemke, C.. Rhipsalis baccifera - Mistletoe Cactus. Cal's Plat of the Week, Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Radall, R.. Global Compedium of Radall, R.. Global Compedium of Radall, R.. Global Compedium of Radall, R.. Global Compedium of Radall, R.. Global Compedium of Staples, G. W. ad D. R. Herbst. A Tropical Garde Flora. Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR. No evidece that the species highl domesticated Distributio: tropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sechelles, Mauritius, Reuio ad Sri Laka. Distributio: tropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sechelles, Mauritius, Reuio ad Sri Laka. Recommeded Temperature Zoe: USDA: 9b-10...Frost Tolerace: Semi teder, eeds protectio o coldest ights Hardiess: USDA Zoe 9b: to -3.8 C (25 F) USDA Zoe 10a: to -1.1 C (30 F) USDA Zoe 10b: to 1.7 C (35 F) USDA Zoe 11: above 4.5 C (40 F) Distributio: tropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sechelles, Mauritius, Reuio ad Sri Laka. Distributio: tropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sechelles, Mauritius, Reuio ad Sri Laka. [broad atural distributio] Rhipsalis baccifera, or Mistletoe Cactus, is a epiphtic cactus ative from Florida to Brazil ad Peru, Sri Laka ad tropical Africa...The are of eas culture ad make woderful hagig basket subjects. [popular orametal, but appears to be used mostl as a idoor plat] Distributio: tropical America, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Sechelles, Mauritius, Reuio ad Sri Laka. [broad atural distributio] No records of aturalizatio No records of weediess or ivasiveess i the garde No records as a weed of agriculture, horticulture or forestr No records as a evirometal weed No other species of Rhipsalis are recorded as weeds. spieless or with 1 or 2 miute bristles at the areoles [o spies, thors, or burrs] No evidece of allelopath i geus Rhipsalis Epiphtic cacti grow o other plats but do ot derive direct ourishmet from them, that is, their roots do ot peetrate ito the host plat's tissues, or are their roots i the groud. Examples iclude Rhipsalis baccifera WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Palatabilit of vegetative parts of Rhipsalis ukow Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Villavicecio Nieto, M. A. ad B. E. Pérez Escadó. Useful plats of the state of Hidalgo, Volume 3. UAEH, Hidalgo, Mexico Medicial applicatios iclude: badagig of fractures i ma ad horses, use as a athelmitic & admiistratio as a emetic for chest complaits (Zulu medicial use) (Hockig 1997, Hutchigs 1996). The mashed plat is also used for ski irritatios ad as a shampoo agaist hair loss (Morto 1990). [several medicial uses, but o metio of toxicit or iadvertet poisoig of aimals] No major pests or pathoges recorded Medicial applicatios iclude: badagig of fractures i ma ad horses, use as a athelmitic & admiistratio as a emetic for chest complaits (Zulu medicial use) (Hockig 1997, Hutchigs 1996). The mashed plat is also used for ski irritatios ad as a shampoo agaist hair loss (Morto 1990). [several medicial uses, but o metio of toxicit or iadvertet poisoig of humas] Mai Use: Medicial Other Uses: Edible: Fruits are edible Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 3 of 6

4 Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Fauco, P.. Mistletoe Cactus. Desert- Tropicals, ra.html Su Exposure: Light shade to shade Zachos, E.. Temptig tropicals: 175 irresistible idoor plats. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Lemke, C.. Rhipsalis baccifera - Mistletoe Cactus. Cal's Plat of the Week, Dave's Garde. PlatFiles: Mistletoe Cactus; Rhipsalis baccifera. Dave's Garde, Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR De La Rosa Mazao, E. ad O. Brioes. Germiatio Respose of the Epiphtic Cactus Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Miller) Stear to Differet Light Coditios ad Water Availabilit. Iteratioal Joural of Plat Scieces. 171: Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Staples, G. W. ad D. R. Herbst. A Tropical Garde Flora. Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Lemke, C.. Rhipsalis baccifera - Mistletoe Cactus. Cal's Plat of the Week, Pereial succulet growig o trees or rocks [o evidece of icreased fire risk with this species, ad ulikel to spread fire give succulet habit] These are uderstor plats ad grow best i bright idirect light to part su. If light is iadequate, the plat will ot flower ad fruit. Rhipsalis baccifera eed partial to full shade with a well-draied soil mix Soil ph requiremets: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildl acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (eutral) Plats epiphtic or lithophtic, 1-4 m ( ft) log, extesio shoots of idetermiate growth, with composite areoles, brachig acrotoic. It has bee observed that Rhipsalis baccifera is mostl distributed o the bases of the relativel thick truks ad braches of trees located i the humid motae forest, where it ma get greater access to moisture No evidece that this epiphtic plat forms dese thickets Terrestrial [epiphtic, ot aquatic] Cactaceae [ot a grass] Cactaceae [ot N-fixig] Plats epiphtic or lithophtic, 1-4 m ( ft) log, extesio shoots of idetermiate growth, with composite areoles, brachig acrotoic. [ot a geophte] No evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat globose, whitish or pikish traslucet berries about 0.25" i diameter that cotai several black seeds [Produces viable seed] Rhipsalis baccifera is propagated b cuttigs ad from seed i sprig WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Abilit to hbridize aturall ukow Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Cota-Sáchez, J. H.. Vivipar i the Cactaceae: Its taxoomic occurrece ad biological sigificace. Flora. 199: Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Fauco, P.. Mistletoe Cactus. Desert- Tropicals, ra.html Most cacti are obligate outcrossers, meaig that polle must come from flowers of other idividuals to effect fertilizatio, but autogam or self-polliatio occurs i some groups. [ukow for Rhipsalis baccifera] Flowers bore laterall i witer or sprig, whitish, 5-10 mm ( i) i diameter. [uspecialized flowers ulikel to require specialized polliators] Polliatio sdrome: Isect No evidece of reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio Propagatio: Cuttigs, seeds [o evidece that this plat spreads b vegetative fragmets] Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 4 of 6

5 WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow whe Rhipsalis first flowers Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Zachos, E.. Temptig tropicals: 175 irresistible idoor plats. Timber Press, Portlad, OR Staples, G. W. ad D. R. Herbst. A Tropical Garde Flora. Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Staples, G. W. ad D. R. Herbst. A Tropical Garde Flora. Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Nieder, J.. Epiphtes ad caop faua of the Otoga rai forest (Ecuador). Books o Demad, Bo, Germa Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Cruz-Ago, A. ad R. Greeburg. Are epiphtes importat for birds i coffee platatios? A experimetal assessmet. Joural of Applied Ecolog. 42: Staples, G. W. ad D. R. Herbst. A Tropical Garde Flora. Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa Atsalis, S.. Diet of the Brow Mouse Lemur (Microcebus rufus) i Raomafaa Natioal Park, Madagascar. Iteratioal Joural of Primatolog. 20: Gould, L. ad M. L. Sauther. Lemurs: ecolog ad adaptatio. Spriger, New York Gurib-Fakim, A. ad T. Bredler. Medicial ad aromatic plats of Idia Ocea islads: Madagascar, Comoros, Sechelles ad Mascarees. medpharm Scietific Publishers, Stuttgart, Germa De La Rosa Mazao, E. ad O. Brioes. Germiatio Respose of the Epiphtic Cactus Rhipsalis baccifera (J. S. Miller) Stear to Differet Light Coditios ad Water Availabilit. Iteratioal Joural of Plat Scieces. 171: Berr globular 3-5 mm i diameter, pearl white, gree or pik, with glue pulp. Seeds small, umerous, black or dark brow Perhaps itroduced b birds to the Mascarees [o evidece of uitetioal dispersal, but possible with glue pulp] Grow orametall No evidece that Rhipsalis cotamiates produce Berr globular 3-5 mm i diameter, pearl white, gree or pik, with glue pulp. Seeds small, umerous, black or dark brow [ot adapted for wid dispersal] globose, whitish or pikish traslucet berries about 0.25" i diameter that cotai several black seeds [flesh-fruited, o evidece that seeds are water dispersed] The berries of Rhipsalis baccifera are dispersed b birds. Berr globular 3-5 mm i diameter, pearl white, gree or pik, with glue pulp. Seeds small, umerous, black or dark brow Perhaps itroduced b birds to the Mascarees Epiphtes such as Athurium scades ad Rhipsalis baccifera produce large quatities of fruits that are regularl cosumed b residet taagers ad euphoias (i.e. commo bushtaager, white-wiged taager ad ellow-throated euphoia; Sow 1981). Fruit productio of these epiphtes coicides with the birds breedig seaso (April September). globose, whitish or pikish traslucet berries about 0.25" i diameter that cotai several black seeds [flesh-fruited] Berr globular 3-5 mm i diameter, pearl white, gree or pik, with glue pulp. Seeds small, umerous, black or dark brow Perhaps itroduced b birds to the Mascarees [o evidece of exteral dispersal, but possible with glue pulp] Table III. Quatit of fecal samples from Microcebus rufus cotaiig fruits idetified based o seed presece i the samples collected from Feb-93 to Ma- 94 at Talatakel, RNP...Fruit i the fecal sample...rhipsalis baccifera...no. of fecal samples with the fruit seeds = 18; Table 2. Plats Cosumed b mouse lemur species [list icludes Fruits of R. baccifera, small seeds presumabl adapted to survive cosumptio b birds ad/or mammals] Berr globular 3-5 mm i diameter, pearl white, gree or pik, with glue pulp. Seeds small, umerous, black or dark brow [although seeds small & umerous, o evidece that such high seed desities are produced] Germiatio decreased graduall at low water potetials ad with icreased storage time. After storage for 1 r, o seeds germiated...the viabilit of epiphte seeds ca be extremel short lived, ad the apparetl do ot form seed baks Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 5 of 6

6 WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow [o iformatio o cotrol of this species] Aderso, E. F.. The cactus famil. Timber No evidece that Rhipsalis beefits from mutilatio, or fire Press, Portlad, OR WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow whether atural eemies preset locall Prit Date: 4/7/2010 Rhipsalis baccifera (Cactaceae) Page 6 of 6