The role of CACTUS PEARS for human consumption

Transcription

1 The role of CACTUS PEARS for human consumption Maryna de Wit University of the Free State 12 / 2 / 2014

2 Why CACTUS PEARS? - Drought tolerant - Whole plant can be used: fruit, cladodes and flowers - Bridge of life : Mexico

3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Fruit Composition 45 % 48 % 7 % seed Peel pulp Fruit consists of: 48 % peel 45 % filtered pulp 7 % seeds

4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Constituent Cladode (dry mass) (%) Cladode (wet mass) (%) Water Carbohydrates Ash Fruit pulp (%) Fibre Proteins Lipids Vitamin C 7-22 mg mg Calcium 5.6 mg mg Magnesium 0.2 mg mg Potassium 2.3 mg mg Phosphorous 0.1 mg mg Iron 0.14 µg mg

5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Constituent Fruit pulp (%) Orange Pawpaw Water Carbohydrates Ash Fibre Proteins Lipids Vitamin C mg Calcium mg Magnesium mg > other fruit Potassium mg Phosphorous mg = cherry, apricot, watermelon Iron mg

6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Nutritional value same as other fruit Energy value same as apple, pear, orange, apricot TSS > 16 % (> as prune, apricot, peach, apple, cherry and watermelon) Technological properties: Parameters Green pulp Purple pulp Importance ph Juice Acidity(% citric acid) Juice Dissolved solids ( Brix) Pectin (g/100g) Juice, marmalade, jelly Vitamin C (mg/100g) Calcium (mg/100g)

7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Other components: o Protein ( %), Fat ( %), Fibre ( %) Free amino acids: 257 mg/100 g Total sugars: 6 14 %, glucose and fructose Fruit mass: g o g = 1 st class, > 160 g = extra large Cladodes nopalitos Pigments: betalains, carotenes Antioxidants: Vitamin C, betalains, phenols, carotenes Betaxanthin (yellow) betacyanin (red)

8 USES GENERAL USES: - food for humans and animals - security (fences) and control of soil-erosion - by-products like humectants, carminic acid, additives, paper - natural colourants - flowers - energy (ethanol + methane gas) - medical applications - cosmetics

9 USES A) FOOD USES: Cladodes Fruit - Fodder - Fresh - Food for cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus costa) important for carmine dye - Fresh juice / pulp - Nopalitos - Jam - Alcohol - Alcoholic beverages - Jam - Tuna cheese - Dried sheets - Liquid sweeteners

10 USES A) NUTRITIONAL USES: Products By-products Fruit Cladode Fruit and cladode - juice and nectar - brine and pickled - oil from seeds - marmalade, jelly, jam - sweets - mucilage from cladode - dried fruit - marmalade, jam - pigments from skin - sweeteners - flour - dietary fibre from cladode - alcohol and wine - sauce - tinned fruit - alcohol - frozen fruit - edible films

11 B) MEDICINAL USES: Cladodes USES Fruit - anti-viral - anti- cancer (prevent proliferation of cells and suppress tumor growth) - anti-inflammatory -anti-oxidants (vitamin C, carotenoids, certain amino acids, betalains) - pain killers (analgesic) - anti-inflammatory - anti-diabetic (lower blood glucose and haemoglobin levels) - high fibre - ulcers, allergies, fatigue, rheumatism, diureticum, hangovers - anti-hypercholesterolemia (lower cholesterol and change LDL)

12 USES C) INDUSTRIAL USES: Cladodes - shampoo, face and skin creams, soap, hair gel, sun screens Fruit - pulp and skin: natural colourants (betalains) - bio-ethanol, bio-methane gas - juice: sweeteners and colourants - proteins (76.6% similarity to egg proteins) - veterinary phytotherapy - peels: pectin - seeds: oils especially unsaturated fatty acids, e.g. Linoleic acid - carminic acid dye from Cochineal - juice: single cell proteins - juice: fermentation substrate (tequila-like, Colonche, Pulque) - juice: substrate for production of red pigment by Monascus - juice: microbial oil production (polyunsaturated fatty acids)

13 RESEARCH Most research done on cactus pear as fodder Focus on alternative uses of cactus pear plant (cladodes, fruits and seeds) in food industry

14 Products - Fruit Fresh Jellies Preserves Chutney

15 Products - Cladodes Chutney Juice Pickles

16 Flour from cladodes (protein: 3.9% & dietary fibre: 43%)

17 Flour from cladodes Crunchy cookie processing (protein: 3.9% & dietary fibre: 43%)

18 Products Cladode flour Carrot cake Crunchies

19 Products Cladode flour Health bread

20 Products Cladode flour Flour Mageu Beer

21 Applications of mucilage as functional ingredients in foods.

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23 Products Cladode mucilage Health bread Carrot cake

24 Products Cladode mucilage Turkish Delight

25 Products Cladode mucilage Marshmallows

26 Products Cladode mucilage Mayonnaise Polony

27 Emulsifier in mayonnaise (replacement of egg):

28 Emulsifier in mayonnaise (replacement of egg):

29 Emulsifier in mayonnaise (replacement of egg):

30 Fat replacer in mayonnaise (replacement of oil):

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34 Carrot cake: 100 % fat(oil) replacement with mucilage.

35 Evaluation of seeds in terms of: - Oils and fatty acids (nutraceuticals) - Proteins and amino acids (nutraceutical & functional foods)

36 Locally

37 Internationally

38 Products

39 Dried flowers Marocco Dried flowers Seeds Cladode flour

40 Fresh Vinegar Juice, jam, oil and pickles Juice and jam

41 Candy Oil Soap

42 Chile and Argentina Stir fry Fresh fruit and juice Syrup and jam Syrup and jam Ice cream

43 Mexico Nopalitos - vegetables

44 Fresh napolitos Tortillas

45 Jam tarts and chilly candy Pickles and jam

46 Chilly beans and nopalitos Egg and nopalitos Pickles and jam

47 Cultivars

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