Small Fruit Insect Management. Kelly Hamby Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist University of Maryland

Transcription

1 Small Fruit Insect Management Kelly Hamby Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist University of Maryland

2 Outline Threat of New Invasive -Spotted Lanternfly Strawberry Pests -Arthropod Pests of Leaves, Stems, & Branches -Arthropod Pests of Fruit or Flowers -Arthropod Pests Favored by Matted Row *Slugs *Sap Beetles

3 Spotted Lanternfly Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

4 Spotted Lanternfly Groups of eggs Usually covered until hatch Photos: Kenneth R. Law, USDA APHIS PPQ, bugwood.org

5 Life Cycle 1 generation per year ~Oct. ~July ~May

6 Host Range Tree of heaven a preferred host, may be only reproductive host

7 Potential for Damage >70 food plants including grapes, apples, peaches, blueberries Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

8 Potential for Damage Video: Erica Smyers, PhD student, Penn State Department of Entomology

9 Signs of Spotted Lanternfly Weeping wounds, mold Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

10 Signs of Spotted Lanternfly Honeydew Photo: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

11 Signs of Spotted Lanternfly Sap and honeydew attract other insects Photo: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

12 Positive Detections PA 2014 VA 2018 DE 2017

13 Where to Look Move around at dusk and nighttime Daytime cluster at base of plant Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

14 Where to Look Eggs masses laid on smooth surfaces Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

15 Report Finds ASAP Try to collect Inform Maryland Dept. of Agriculture: (410)

16 Report Finds ASAP Photos: Lawrence Barringer, PDA, bugwood.org

17 Report Finds ASAP

18 More Information

19 Outline Threat of New Invasive -Spotted Lanternfly Strawberry Pests -Arthropod Pests of Leaves, Stems, & Branches -Arthropod Pests of Fruit or Flowers -Arthropod Pests Favored by Matted Row *Slugs *Sap Beetles

20 Arthropod Pests of Strawberry Leaves, stems and branches Fruit or flowers

21 Arthropod Pests of Strawberry Leaves, stems and branches Fruit or flowers

22 Potato Leafhopper Hardest on young plants, make sure plants get enough water and nutrients

23 Two-Spotted Spider Mites OMFRA Problems worst during extended hot, dry weather Can reproduce VERY quickly

24 Arthropod Pests of Strawberry Leaves, stems and branches Fruit or flowers

25 Strawberry Clipper H. Burrack Plants usually compensate and yield normally

26 Tarnished Plant (Lygus) Bugs Kathy Demchak Kathy Demchak Kathy Demchak Feeding can cause misshaped fruit Poor pollination can cause similar symptoms

27 Matted Row Favors slugs and sap beetles

28 Slugs

29 Slug Life Cycle Most species do not have a synchronized life cycle

30 Slug Life Cycle 1/8-1/4 Clusters of eggs

31 Slug Life Cycle Usually reproduce with other individuals

32 Slug Life Cycle All life stages may overwinter

33 Slugs Prefer cool wet springs Especially problematic after mild winters

34 Slug Straw mulch provides moist shelter and place to overwinter

35 Slug Damage OMFRA OMFRA Cornell Damage ripe fruit as well as leaves

36 Slug Damage Provide entry points for direct and secondary pests Distinguished as primary problem by slime

37 Slug Monitoring Earthlyarts.com Photo: Margaret Douglas, Penn State Visual inspection or traps

38 Slug Management Pam Fisher Remove debris and nearby shelter, e.g. tall weeds, wood piles, compost piles Adequate but not excessive irrigation

39 Biological Control Image: Ian Grettenberger, Penn State Ground beetles and many other organisms feed on slugs

40 Slug Baits Metaldehyde or iron phosphate slug baits

41 Slug Baits Deadline metaldehyde Sluggo iron phosphate (OMRI approved) Apply early evening when slugs are active Less effective under rainy conditions

42 More Information NC State Extension Article

43 Sap Beetles Strawberry Dusky Fourspotted

44 Life Cycle Multiple generations per year

45 Sap Beetle Hosts Can feed and reproduce on many fruits and vegetables

46 Sap Beetle Damage Mark Bolda Adults and larvae directly feed in ripe to overripe fruit

47 Sap Beetle Damage Will also enter fruit that was already damaged

48 Sap Beetle Damage Can introduce pathogens

49 Sap Beetle Biology Fermenting berries attractive

50 Cultural Management Come into strawberries from elsewhere Plant away from overwintering areas

51 Sap Beetle Biology Fermenting berries attractive

52 Sanitation Harvest frequently and keep plantings clean

53 Sanitation Renovate as soon as possible Not just strawberries

54 Cultural Management Like to feed where fruit touches the ground Heavy mulch layer encourages build up

55 Cultural Management Warms fruit that touches the mulch Less favorable

56 Biological Control Parasitic wasp attacks larvae Nematodes may help Steinernema carpocapsae

57 Biological Control Commercially available but haven t been tested in our area

58 Insecticides Only necessary in operations where good sanitation can t occur

59 Insecticides Hard to get to beetles and larvae inside fruit

60 Insecticides 7 day spray intervals recommended in NC and FL

61 Insecticides Pyrethroids and Pyrethrins (IRAC activity group 3A) e.g. Brigade, Danitol, Pyganic* Azadirachtin/neem oil (IRAC activity group UN) e.g. Azatin, Neemix*, Trilogy* Benzoylureas (IRAC activity group 15) e.g. Rimon (only works on larvae) Neonicotinoids (IRAC activity group 4A) e.g. Assail Organophosphates (IRAC activity group 1B) e.g. Diazinon, Dibrom, Malathion Carbamates (IRAC activity group 1A) e.g. Sevin *OMRI approved for organic production

62 Danitol Can protect fruit just before sap beetles come into the field (just before first harvest)

63 Rimon Only targets larvae, spray as soon as adults are found FL - best results if included in program

64 More Information 4 UF Extension Article

65 More Information Mid Atlantic Berry Guide

66 More Information Hambylab.weebly.com Spotted Wing Drosophila Monitoring and Management Spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is an insect pest that continues to be a problem for growers of soft-skinned fruit such as blackberry, blueberry, cherry (sweet and tart), and raspberry (black and red). Unlike other vinegar fly species (Drosophila spp.) that lay their eggs in over-ripe, damaged, rotting, and fermenting fruit, SWD will attack undamaged fruit as it ripens. Figure 1. SWD adult female (left) and male (right) Adults are small flies about 1/16 to 1/8 inch long with red eyes and an amber colored body with black stripes on the abdomen (Figure 1). The male flies have a black spot towards the tip of each wing. The females do not have spots on the wings but they have a very prominent, saw-like ovipositor (egg laying structure), larger than other vinegar flies. The female penetrates the skin of softskinned fruit laying the eggs just under the skin, leaving a small puncture on the fruit surface. Eggs hatch and larvae develop and feed and this damage can provide an entry site for other vinegar flies and secondary pathogens. SWD Has Wide Range of Host Plants SWD hosts include many wild and cultivated fruit crops. In the mid-atlantic region, wild relatives of common cultivated fruit [e.g. Allegheny (aka common) blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis), wild black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), American red raspberry (Rubus strigosus), wild blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), wild cherry (Prunus spp.)] are present in the landscape surrounding fruit farms and may harbor SWD. In addition to these close relatives of commercial hosts, SWD successfully develops on other wild, ornamental and noncrop fruiting plants in the landscape. Recent work in other regions has suggested that species of honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.) (abundant in many mid-atlantic habitats) Fact Sheet FS-1023 November 2015 Contact info, current research, news articles, fact sheets For more information on this and other topics visit the University of Maryland Extension website at 1

67 Questions?