SUNCROPS TM SUN PROTECTION KAOLÍN, NO CARBONATE

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1 SUNCROPS TM SUN PROTECTION KAOLÍN, NO CARBONATE Mario Guerrero M. Adviser, Nutrition Specialist and Fertigation, MBA Cell All rights reserved, prohibited its total or partial reproduction

2 Abiotic stress and crop yield MAIN CAUSES OF ABIOTIC STRESS Yield ton/ha Heat Cold Soil acidity Salinity Radiatión Abiotic Biotic yield Beet potato wheat corn crop

3 Solar radiation on fruit Infrared Light Range... (50%) Visible Light Range... (45%) Ultraviolet Range... (4-7%). In Chile, the VII r, solar radiation reaches up to 1200 watt/m2. The 35% is sufficient to saturate photosynthesis and necessary to induce the fruit color. So... "Needless Radiation.... Chile loses over U.S. $ 70 million/año in nonexportable fruit with sun damage. The problem affects the main species Orchards, nurseries, vegetables and ornamentals. Pomáceas Center, University of Talca Technical Bulletin November 2009

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5 Temperature, photosynthesis and stress With increasing temperature, lowers photosynthesis: 1.-Photoinhibition affects electron transport. 2.-Capture of CO2 decreases. 3.-Chloroplasts are absorbing light. 4.-This light (energy) that is not used in photosynthesis is converted into free radicals (O ˉ). 5.-Free radicals damage cell tissue. 6.-Plants use carbohydrate reserves to repair the damage.

6 What happens to decrease photosynthesis? LESS CARBS: 1.-Small fruits 2.-Fewer fruits (fruit drop increase) 3.-Rerduccion structures and root growth 4.-Poor development of reproductive tissues 5.-Number and quality of flowers for next season alternation Less carbohydrate = <productivity = <$

7 When the temperature reaches critical levels, photosynthesis slows and eventually stops Light X CHO CO 2 X Stopping photosynthesis => No carbohydrates CHO X H 2 O

8 Suncrops reduces the temperature of the fruit Control-Testigo The treated fruit crops

9 SUN DAMAGE CONCEPTS 1.The most affected fruit located in the south-west face of the plant. 2. Damage within the fruit, is expressed only on one side thereof and corresponds to that which faces the west. 3. The damage is visible usually the first week of December or when air temperature exceeds 29 º C for longer than 3-5 hours. 4. The fruit growing in the shade when exposed suddenly to solar radiation during periods of high burn quickly and intensely.

10 EFFECT OF THE USE OF SUNCROPS IN ENHANCING PERFORMANCE, STRESS PHYSIOLOGY MITIGATING AND SUN DAMAGE OF APPLE CV. PINK LADY, SN FDO. CHILE YIELD POTENTIAL Yield (kgs/ha) P. STRESS SUN DAMAGE attainable yield CONTROL Suncrops

11 BENEFITS OF USING SUNCROPS 1.-Improvements in the efficiency of the internal use of water of the plant. 2.-Floral abortion reduction and improves fruit induction. 3.-In cherry, cherries reduces the incidence of twins. 4.-Reduced water stress in plants cherry post harvest. 4.-Fruits of better quality and reduced fruit drop. Alternating reduction of production. 5.-Increased yield and quality associated to improved crop plant health. 6.-Non-staining fruit, fine formulation will not clog nozzles, does not require agitation, good suspension. 7.-Micronized powder sieve.

12 Kaolin v/s Calcium carbonate, which:? Range 32-60% UV Block kaolin Range UV blocking Calcium Carbonate 5-20%

13 Suncrops-traditional comparative test Apples 6 applications all treatments (Rate) Diameter of fruit (mm) % No fruit burned quality exportable Size (w) Fruit gr / apple Yield Total kg / tree Fruit export harvested Kg / tree CONTROL 0 36,90 76,80a 134,0 37a 28,4a Suncrops 1.25 % 39,81 89,80b 152,0 45b 40,8b ALTERNATIVE 2.5% 39,16 88,50b 151,0 43b 38,8b Source; Chilean fruit company, Private trials Fuente.

14 Suncrops effect on the quality of apples % of export apples San Fernando, Chile 2010, Pink Lady Untreated Traditional Suncrops 8 applications per ha total dose 100 kg / ha 8 applications aplicaciones per por ha ha Dosis total dose total kg / kg/ha

15 CHERRY 1.-Improved floral induction. 2.-Reduction of double fruits. 3.-Post harvest with high temperatures (see next box)

16 Cherry harvest season-chile

17 Effect of using on cherry. Suncrops in early postharvest, post harvest application First 1.25% in SUNCROPS Leaves without abiotic stress CONTROL Biotic stress plants

18 2nd Application, 25 days, 1.25% dose Suncrops SUNCROPS CONTROL

19 Rengo, Chile. Suncrops treatment monitoring, April 15 SUNCROPS CONTROL

20 Chile 2010, Pink Lady apples var. control and Suncrops SEVERE DAMAGE ó SUNCROPS

21 Curicó, apples, Pink Lady var. application Suncrops,

22 San Fernando, Pink Lady y Granny DAMAGE SUNCROPS CONTROL

23 Olives, Marchigue, control of water stress before irrigation deficit?

24 REVIEWS EFFECTIVENESS OF SUNCROPS 1.-Same as standard-traditional to measure Sunburn (Buin) 2.-But there are advantages in using the product that make it superior: a.-no residue and natural enemies are not affected habitat. (Organic Producers) b.-leaf, remaining evergreen not diminished photosynthesis and is more active. (San Fernando) c.-when no residue, does not produce unwanted accumulations to be processed in the packing at the calyx and pedicel. (Curicó) d.-increased fruit size readily apparent, an effect that apparently antistress. (San Fernando) e.-doses in different varieties, Pink Lady and Granny 100 kg / ha. f.-color translucent, non-staining g.-team toping supper most appropriate coverage h.-nozzle 140 microns; 3 atmospheres pressure (uniform droplet application) i.-all rows both ways; second application against previous row (variability and coverage)

25 KAOLINITE

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27 General recommendations 1.-Adjust dose kaolins traditional recommended (manufacturers) 2.-Heavy metals (traditional kaolinites). 3.-Spider-Natural enemies. 4.-Others recommend applying only in the most exposed face, two faces the most suitable (Heat). 5.-Implementation dates for late (December) and bad sequences, which do not follow the variety. 6.-Differentiation of strains (susceptibility) other than the same dose is Granny or Fuji (Dec).

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