Stefano Musacchi. Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
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1 Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017
2 The Breading program: The Pear breeding program started at Bologna in In 2007 the CIV joint the program. In 2014 agreement with Unibo, CIV and WSU to maintain Stefano Musacchi as Scientific supervisor of the pear breeding program.
3 Harvest calendar: Carmen* PE2UNIBO* (Early Giulia TM ) PE1UNIBO* (Lucy Sweet TM ) PE3UNIBO* (Green Debby TM ) Bartlett PE4UNIBO* (Lucy Red TM ) Abate Fétel July August September 10
4 Harvest date: last decade of July-early August (10 days before William). Tree: Medium-high vigor, compatible with quince. High and constant yield. Bearing habit like Abbè Fétel mainly on 2 years old branch. Very dwarfing rootstocks like Quince C can reduce fruit size. Fruit: Medium size ( g) and pyriform shape, Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet, under conditions of high humidity russet can increase. Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture Very good flavour and sweetness Edible also crunchy due to the high level of sugar Storability: about 7 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
5 Blooming Average of the years: Bartlett Abbe Fetel Carmen PE 1UNIBO*LucySweet
6 PE1 UNIBO*Lucy Sweet Planting Year: 2008 Rootstocks: MC: 3125 tree/ha Sydo: 2500 tree/ha Harvest date: August August August August July July July
7 PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet Vigour Medium-to-high vigor, compatible with quince. Hand or chemical thinning is necessary No secondary flowering
8 Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Trial 2 - Cadriano Bologna Σ High and constant yield Fruit of medium size
9 PE1- Lucy Sweet: Fruit weight average per year year of planting rootstock planting distances density 2010 (g) 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) PE1UNIBO 2008 MC 4 m x 0,8 m 3125 tree/ha= 1265 trees/a Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended PE1UNIBO 2008 SYDO 4 m x 1 m 2500 tree/ha=1012 trees/a Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) too big Second choise Optimum Optimum Optimum Second choise too small too small
10 Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Fruit Characteristics Pyriform shape, average size ( g) Green skin, even at ripening, with slight russet from 10% to 50%. Melting flesh and juicy, fine texture Very good flavour and sweet High sugar content Low acid It can be eat when it is still crunchy as a pear snack Storability: about 5-6 months at normal cooling at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
11 PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet TM Qualitative characteristics at harvest (Firmness: 5.5 kg) Variety Year Harvest date Solid soluble content ( brix) Acidity (g/l) PE1UNIBO* LucySweet Jul Bartlett 08-Aug PE1UNIBO* LucySweet Jul Bartlett 11-Aug PE1UNIBO* LucySweet Jul Bartlett 10-Aug
12 PE1 UNIBO* Lucy Sweet TM PANEL TEST: Crunchy pear Vs Melting Pear Melting and Juicy or Crispy as Snack pear?
13 Lucy Sweet TM PE1 UNIBO* Post-harvest trial Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/ /02 Storability 180 days Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 % Date Fruit weight (g) SSR ( Brix) Firmness (Kg) Acidity (g/l) Juicy (%) Harvest time 02/08/ End storage 24/01/ Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/ Good fruit Rot fruit Damaged fruit Scab Withered fruit 94% 1% 4% 0% 1% Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF
14 Harvest date: last decade of July (15 days before William). Tree: Medium vigor, compatible with quince. High and constant yield. Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1 year shoot. Fruit: Medium-large size (240 g), pyriform shape, Green skin (yellow to ripening) with 20-30% overcolor. Flesh white, crispy, juicy and fine texture. Very good flavour, sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
15 Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO*
16 Early GiuliaTM PE2 UNIBO* Early harvest Large size High productivity Early bearing Interesting for high density planting Medium-high vigor, compatible with quince. Bearing habit on 2-years-old branches and 1-year-old shoots.
17 Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO*
18 Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO* Large fruit size (240 g), pyriform shape. Fruit Green skin (yellow at ripening) with 20-30% overcolor. Flesh white, crispy and juicy and fine texture. Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR ( Brix) Acidity (g/l) Brix g/l kg Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life Sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
19 Early Giulia TM PE2 UNIBO* Post-harvest trial Harvest time: 02/08/2012 End storage: 24/01/ /02 Storability 180 days Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere: T. -0,5 C, CO2 <0,8 %, O2 0,7-1,3 % Date Fruit weight (g) SSR ( Brix) Firmness (Kg) Acidity (g/l) Juicy (%) Harvest time 02/08/ End storage 24/01/ Shelf life (10 days) 04/02/ Good fruit Rot fruit Damaged fruit Scab Withered fruit 89% 0% 9% 0% 1% Fondazione Edmund Mach - IASMA - CTT - U.FSF
20 Cultivar PE2- Early Giulia: Fruit weight average (g) location year of planting rootstock PE2 UNIBO SA BH/BA29 4 m x 1,2 m PE2 UNIBO SA SYDO 4 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m PE2 UNIBO Melloni 2011 BH/MC planting density density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g) 2083 tree/ha=843 tree/a m x 0.8 m 2500 tree/ha=1012 tree/a tree/ha=1156 tree/a tree/ha=1156 tree/a tree/ha=1445 tree/a Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) too big Second choise Optimum Optimum Optimum Second choise too small too small
21 Harvest date: first decade of August (-1 William). Tree: Medium vigor, compact habitus Compatible with quince High yield Bearing habitus on 2 years old branch and 1 year shoot. Late flowering Fruit: Medium size, elongated pyriform, Green skin, green-yellow at ripening Flesh white, melting and juicy Medium-fine texture Good flavour, sweet and quite acid Storability: about 5 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
22 Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Medium vigor, compact habit Compatible with quince Bearing habit on spur and 2-3 years old branches Late flowering
23 Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Early bearing Good productivity and constant yield Interesting for high density planting Trial - Cadriano - Σ2 nd -4 th years
24 Debby Green TM PE3 UNIBO* Medium size, elongated pyriform (long-necked shape) Green skin, green-yellow at ripening; blush in the exposed fruit Fruit Flesh white, melting and juicy Medium-fine texture Firmness (kg/0.5 cm2) SSR ( Brix) Acidity (g/l) Brix Good flavor Harvest time End storage 90 days Shelf life 2.6 g/l 0.5 kg Good balance sweet /acid Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
25 PE3- Debby Green: fruit weight average (g) Planting Combination Distance Plant density 2011 (g) 2012 (g) 2013 (g) 2014 (g) 2015 (g) 2016 (g) 2011 BH/MH 3.5 m x 1 m 2011 BH/SYDO 3.5 m x 1 m 2857 trees/ha = 1156 trees/a trees/ha = 1156 trees/a BH/MC 3.5 m x 0.8 m Quince MC is too dwarfing and it is not recommended 3571 trees/ha = 1445 trees/a BH/BA29 4 m x 1.2 m 2083 trees/ha = 843 trees/a Weight for box N. of fruit Average (g) too big Second choise Optimum Optimum Optimum Second choise too small too small
26 Harvest time: Last decade of August Tree: Medium vigor Incompatible with quince Production mainly on one-year old wood and 2-years old wood Late bloom Fruit: large size over 200 g shape similar to Abbe Fétel. Overcolor 80-90% of the surface White flesh crunchy and juicy at full ripening
27 Lucy Red TM PE4 UNIBO*
28 Lucy Red TM PE4UNIBO* Medium productivity Large size of fruit Trial 1 - Cadriano Σ2 nd - 8 th years
29 Lucy Red TM PE4UNIBO* Fruit shape: similar to Abate Fétel (long-necked shape) Fruit Overcolor on 80-90% of the surface Taste: slightly aromatic 16.0 Firmness Brix acidity Crispy, Harvest time postharvest - Shelf life sweet/acid balanced Storability: about 5-6 months in cold room at -1 C with no treatments against internal browning.
30 Test of Fire Blight susceptibility 2014 % plant with necrosis Early Giulia Lecy Red Debby Green Lucy Sweet Abate Harrow sweet Erwinia amylovora (1,75x108 cells ml-1) Harvest qeen 20 Erwinia amylovora (1,75x10 8 cells ml -1 ) Necrosis lenght(cm) Early Giulia Lucy Red Debby Green Lucy Sweet Abate Harrow sweet Harvest qeen
31 4 cultivars 4 different fruit types Lucy Sweet Sweet and aromatic taste (low acid) Melting and Juicy Crispy (Snack pear) Early Giulia Slight acid and sweet; crispy Early ripening Good appearance and large size Debby Green Melting flesh; aromatic and good balance sweet/acid Compact tree Lucy Red Sweet taste Good appearance Red skin
32 Collaborators: Vincenzo Ancarani, Francesco Spinelli Silviero Sansavini Thanks for your attention
33 Stefano Musacchi 1 Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, Interpera 2017 Wenatchee, WA June 15-16, 2017
34 Passe Crassane (1885) Rocha (1836) Blanquilla (<1700) Conference (1885) William = Bartlett (1765) Pear cultivar Beurre Anjou introduced to America around Beurre Bosc ( 1830) Max Red Bartlett (1938) Doyenne du Comice (1849) Abbe Fetel (1876)
35 Main areas of pear production Italy > Abbe Fetel (41%) Spain > Conference (38%) and Blanquilla (20%) Portogal > Rocha (95%) Belgium and Holland > Conference (88% e 79%) Washington USA> Anjou (59%) and Bartlett (21%) California USA > William= Bartlett (60%) South Africa ( ha)> Packham s (29%) Forelle (26%), William Bon Chretien (16%), Early Bon Chretien (10%), Abate Fetel (5%), Rosemarie (3%) Argentina > Bartlett (44%) and Packham s (25%) Chile ( ha) > Packham s 55%, Bosc (11%), Abbe Fetel (843 ha), Forelle, Carmen (120 ha), Flamingo (15 ha)
36 Abate Fetel produced in Russia Krasnodar Abate Fetel produced in Brasil Santa Caterina Environmental effect on fruit crop Abate Fetel produced in Uruguay Abate Fetel produced in Italy Abate Fetel produced in Argentina Mendoza
37 Ownrooted Fox 11 Farold 69 Farold 40 Sydo BA 29
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