Performance of Small Grain Varieties for Forage in Alabama,

Transcription

1 Performance of Small Grain Varieties for Forage in Alabama, Agronomy and Soils Departmental Series No. 301 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station Richard Guthrie, Acting Director Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, August 2009 Printed in cooperation with the Alabama Cooperative Extension System (Alabama A&M University and Auburn University)

2 2 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... 3 INTRODUCTION... 4 PROCEDURE... 4 DATA EXPLANATION... 4 DISCUSSION... 4 SMALL GRAIN DRY MATTER YIELDS BY SEASON... 5 Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center, Belle Mina, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center, Crossville, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Black Belt Research and Extension Center, Marion Junction, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Prattville Experiment Field, Prattville, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages E.V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland, Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope., Two-Year Averages Three-Year Averages SEED SOURCES... 21

3 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Appreciation is expressed to the following supervisory personnel of the outlying units whose support is gratefully acknowledged: Northern Alabama Tennessee Valley Research and Extension Center, Belle Mina...B.E. Norris, Supt. Sand Mountain Research and Extension Center, Crossville...R.A. Dawkins, Supt. J. Treadaway Ducar, Asst. Supt. Central Alabama Black Belt Research and Extension Center, Marion Junction...J.L. Holliman, Supt. Prattvile Experiment Field, Prattville...D.P. Moore, Supt. E.V. Smith Research Center, Plant Breeding Unit, Tallassee...S.P. Nightengale, Supt. Southern Alabama Brewton Experiment Field, Brewton...J.R. Akridge, Supt. Gulf Coast Research and Extension Center, Fairhope...N.R. McDaniel, Supt. M.D. Pegues, Assoc. Supt. Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland...L.W. Wells, Supt. B.E. Gamble, Asst. Supt.

4 4 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION THE 2009 ALABAMA PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES FOR FORAGE K.M. Glass and E. van Santen Agric. Program Associate and Professor, Dept. of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, AL Introduction The large number of commercially available varieties of wheat, OAT, rye, barley, and triticale makes it difficult for growers to select varieties most suited for forage production in their particular area of the State because yields and distribution of growth vary. For example, many of the small grain species and varieties differ in their capability to produce early fall and winter forage for livestock production. Making the proper selection requires up-to-date, unbiased, reliable information on total forage yields and seasonal yields of varieties. Entries in each experiment are determined by the companies or institutes which control each variety, or line, not by Experiment Station personnel. Data from tests conducted at eight locations were used to compile this report. These locations represent the varied growing conditions around the State for the past 3 years. Procedure The experimental design for the tests was a split plot with species as the main plot and varieties as subplots. Plots were 5 feet by 20 feet with rows spaced 7 inches apart. A cone drill was used to plant all tests. Each variety was replicated three times in each test entered. The tests are normally planted in late September to early October. The tests were fertilized at planting with 100 pounds N per acre and clipped with a flail-type mower each time they reached 6 inches in height. The entire harvested forage from each plot was weighed. A sub-sample was also weighed green from each plot, then dried and reweighed. The percent dry matter figure from these weights was then used to calculate forage dry matter per acre. The tests were top-dressed in February with 60 pounds N per acre and clipping was continued until no regrowth occurred in the spring. Data Explanation Total and seasonal dry matter yields are recorded by locations. The four seasonal periods are: autumn-forage produced through December; winter-january and February production; early spring-march and early April production; and late spring-production after April 20. Discussion Growing conditions and variety forage performance often vary among locations and years. Multiple-year averages are provided and should be a better indicator for performance comparisons. Cold weather and wet conditions in the fall combined to reduce fall and winter growth.

5 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 1. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARI- ETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, BELLE MINA, ALABAMA, 2009 SS GA Gore LA 99016SBSB LA 9339 Plot Spike LA S LA S Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical RSI Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

6 6 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 2. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, BELLE MINA, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 3. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT TENNESSEE VALLEY RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, BELLE MINA, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

7 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 4. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARI- ETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CEN- TER, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, GA Gore SS LA 9339 Plot Spike LA 99016SBSB LA S Florida LA S Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical Trical RSI Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

8 8 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 5. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 6. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE SAND MOUNTAIN RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, CROSSVILLE, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

9 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 7. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARI- ETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BLACK BELT RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, MARION JUNCTION, ALABAMA, GA Gore SS LA 99016SBSB LA 9339 Plot Spike LA S LA S Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical Trical RSI RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

10 10 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 8. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BLACK BELT RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, MARION JUNCTION, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical Trical Trical Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 9. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BLACK BELT RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, MARION JUNCTION, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

11 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 10. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARI- ETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE PRATTVILLE EXPERIMENT FIELD, PRATTVILLE, ALA- BAMA, SS GA Gore LA S LA S LA 9339 Plot Spike LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical RSI Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

12 12 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 11. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE PRATTVILLE EXPERIMENT FIELD, PRATTVILLE, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 12. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE PRATTVILLE EXPERIMENT FIELD, PRATTVILLE, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

13 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 13. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VA- RIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE E.V. SMITH RESEARCH CENTER, PLANT BREEDING UNIT, TALLASSEE, ALABAMA, GA Gore SS LA 9339 Plot Spike LA S LA S LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical RSI RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

14 14 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 14. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE E.V. SMITH RESEARCH CENTER, PLANT BREEDING UNIT, TALLASSEE, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 15. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE E.V. SMITH RESEARCH CENTER, PLANT BREEDING UNIT, TALLASSEE, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

15 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 16. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VA- RIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BREWTON EXPERIMENT FIELD, BREWTON, ALA- BAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB LA S LA 9339 Plot Spike LA S Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI RSI Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

16 16 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 17. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BREWTON EXPERIMENT FIELD, BREWTON, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 18. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE BREWTON EXPERIMENT FIELD, BREWTON, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

17 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 19. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VA- RIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, HEADLAND, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB LA 9339 Plot Spike LA S LA S Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical Trical Trical RSI RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

18 18 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 20. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EX- TENSION CENTER, HEADLAND, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren's Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 21. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE WIREGRASS RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, HEADLAND, GA Gore Florida Wren's Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

19 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, TABLE 22. SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VA- RIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA S LA S LA 9339 Plot Spike LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL RSI Trical Trical RSI Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

20 20 ALABAMA AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION TABLE 23. TWO-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EX- TENSION CENTER, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, GA Gore LA 99016SBSB Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical RSI Trical Trical Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10) TABLE 24. THREE-YEAR AVERAGE SEASONAL DRY MATTER YIELD OF WHEAT, OAT, RYE, AND TRITICALE VARIETIES CUT AS FORAGE AT THE GULF COAST RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER, FAIRHOPE, ALABAMA, GA Gore Florida Wren s Abruzzi AL Trical Trical RSI Test Mean C.V.(%) LSD(0.10)

21 PERFORMANCE OF SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES IN ALABAMA, SEED SOURCES GA Gore Alabama Crop Improvement Assn., Auburn, Alabama SS-8641 Wren s Abruzzi Southern States Coop., Richmond, Virginia Alabama Crop Improvement Assn., Auburn, Alabama Trical308, Trical 336, Trical 342, Trical 2700 RSI *, RSI * Fla. 501 Resource Seeds, Inc., Union, Kentucky Alabama Crop Improvement Assn., Auburn, Alabama LA S1*, LA S1* LA 99016*, LA9339 Plot Spike* Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana * Experimental line; not yet commercially available.