Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 8

Transcription

1 Famil: Acathaceae Taxo: Justicia spicigera Som: Jacobiia spicigera (Schlechtedal) L.H. Bail Justicia ghiesbreghtiaa (Misapplied) Commo Name: Mexica idigo Yaxa Mohitli Mexica hoesuckle Firecracker bush Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: H(HPWRA) Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 1 of 8

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 2 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 8 Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 2 of 8

3 Supportig Data: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Firecracker Plat, Mexica Hoesuckle, Orage Plume Flower - Justicia spicigera. [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Native from Mexico southward to Colombia " [Qualit of climate match data? 2-High] "Native from Mexico southward to Colombia " [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes] "Hardiess: USDA Zoe 8a: to C (10 F) USDA Zoe 8b: to -9.4 C (15 F) USDA Zoe 9a: to -6.6 C (20 F) USDA Zoe 9b: to -3.8 C (25 F) USDA Zoe 10a: to -1.1 C (30 F) USDA Zoe 10b: to 1.7 C (35 F) USDA Zoe 11: above 4.5 C (40 F)" M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? Yes] "Most ears, if there s a deep eough freeze, this fabulous herbaceous pereial dies to the groud ad returs from its roots oce temperatures warm. The i mid to late summer, it begis its bloom ccle. It will bloom, sporadicall, util it succumbs to the ext sigificat freeze. Durig this mild witer (i Austi) i which there was o hard freeze (mid-tweties or lower), these gorgeous plats did t die to their roots. Mie suffered slight freeze damage o some of the foliage, but that was all." Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Daiel, T.F.. Acathaceae of Soora: taxoom ad phtogeograph. Proceedigs of the Califoria Academ of Scieces. 55: [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Native from Mexico southward to Colombia " [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Three species of Acathaceae that have bee collected i Soora are likel ot ative to the state: Justicia spicigera, Odotoema cuspidatum, ad Ruellia malacosperma. All of these are widel cultivated, have bee collected i gardes i the state, ad are elsewhere kow to either escape from or persist after cultivatio." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Native to Mexico ad all the wa south to Columbia, it s aturalized i parts of South Texas." Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A rage? Yes] "ewl aturalized (O`ahu, Moloka`i)" Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Staples,G.W./Imada, C.T./Herbst, D.R.. New Hawaiia plat records for Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 68: [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "The followig specimes documet this Cetral America species as aturalized i the Hawaiia Islads. It was formerl kow ol i cultivatio as a orametal plat. It is likel that it has escaped o other islads as well. Mexica idigo is a shrub to 6' tall with opposite leaves, the blades oblog laceolate to ovate, up to 7" log; ifloresceces are few-flowered, oe-sided racemes composed of 1.5" log, orage or red, 2-lipped flowers, the lower lip recurved. Material examied. O AHU: Hoolulu, lower Roud Top i disturbed dr forest alog roadside above stream, ear 2010 Roud Top Drive, elev. ca. 61 m, 25 Mar 1998, G. Ra & E. Gibe 100. MOLOKA I: Hälawa Valle, aturalized i areas alog road, elev. ca. 100 ft, 9 Jul 1983, K. Nagata 2671." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "Native to Mexico ad all the wa south to Columbia, it s aturalized i parts of South Texas." Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 3 of 8

4 Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? Yes] "ewl aturalized (O`ahu, Moloka`i)" T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Olie Database]. a/ Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Olie Database]. a/ Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Justicia spicigera [Olie Database]. a/ [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece Meer, J-Y./Laverge, C.. Beautés fatales : Acathaceae species as ivasive alie plats o tropical Ido-Pacific Islads. Diversit ad Distributios. 10: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] [Cogeeric weed? Yes] "Most, if ot all, alie plat species of the famil Acathaceae (acaths) foud i tropical islads were itetioall itroduced as garde orametals, because of their show coloured flowers, bracts or leaves. Some have escaped gardes ad have aturalized i huma disturbed areas as weeds, advetives, or ruderal species. A few species have successfull ivaded secodar ad relativel udisturbed ative wet forests." "We recorded eight major ivasive species: the erect herbs or shrubs Justicia carea, Odotoema strictum, Phlogacathus turgidus, Sachezia speciosa ad Strobilathes hamiltoiaus form dese moospecific thickets i the uderstore of wet forests;" "However, as show o The Global Compedium of Weeds website ( the Acathaceae ca be recogized as a weed famil with 218 reported taxa of which 190 are legitimate ames belogig to 51 differet geera, the largest beig Justicia with 21 weed taxa" [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall; stem 4-agles. Lves petiolate; blades oblog-laceolate to ovate, to 7" log." Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical [Parasitic? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall;" [Acathaceae] Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Crescet Bloom. Justicia spicigera. U/Justicia%20spicigera.htm [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Possibl No] "Deer resistat: o " WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] Crescet Bloom. Justicia spicigera. [Toxic to aimals? No evidece] "Livestock poiso: o" U/Justicia%20spicigera.htm Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL [Toxic to aimals? Ukow] No species of Justicia listed as toxic Marti, C.A.. Justicia spicigera. Arizoa State Uiversit, %20html%20files/justiciaspicigera.html Top Tropicals. Justicia spicigera. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, GERA Daiel, T.F.. Acathaceae of Soora: taxoom ad phtogeograph. Proceedigs of the Califoria Academ of Scieces. 55: [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "Disease ad pests: White flies, root rot,...ad more white flies." [Commo pests of ma plats] [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? No] "...has few isect pests " [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Possibl No] "Use. Leaves are boiled with ciamo to ield a clear, red tea that is take for stomach pai." Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 4 of 8

5 Wagstaff, D.J.. Iteratioal poisoous plats checklist: a evidece-based referece. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL Sepulveda-Jimeez, G./Rea-Aquio, C./Chaires-Martiez, L./Bermudez-Torres, K./Rodriguez-Moro, M.. Atioxidat Activit ad Cotet of Pheolic Compouds ad Flavooids from Justicia spicigera. Joural of Biological Scieces. 9(6): Vega-Avila, E./Espejo-Sera, A./Alarcó- Aguilar, F./Velasco-Lezama, R.. Ctotoxic Activit of Four Mexica Medicial Plats. Proc.West. Pharmacol. Soc.. 52: Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Meer, J-Y./Laverge, C.. Beautés fatales : Acathaceae species as ivasive alie plats o tropical Ido-Pacific Islads. Diversit ad Distributios. 10: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Miller, G.O.. Ladscapig with Native Plats of the Southwest. Voageur Press, St. Paul, MN Marti, C.A.. Justicia spicigera. Arizoa State Uiversit, %20html%20files/justiciaspicigera.html Top Tropicals. Justicia spicigera. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, GERA Riffle, R.L.. The Tropical Look - A Ecclopedia of Dramatic Ladscape Plats. Timber Press, Portlad, OR [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Possibl No] No species of Justicia listed as toxic [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Possibl at icorrect dosage] "This is the first stud describig the atioxidat activit from J. spicigera. Pheolic compouds ad flavooids cotribute to this activit. The results suggest that J. spicigera is a source of atioxidat ad support its use as a atiiflammator for the treatmet of uterie cacer ad agaist various free radical related disorders." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No evidece, but medicial properties ma be toxic at certai dosage]"ethaolic extract from J. spicigera preseted the best ctotoxic effect. The ctotoxic activit of J. spicigera correlated with oe of the popular uses, the treatmet of cacer." "J. spicigera is a shrub which is ative to Mexico [9], ad it is used sice prehispaic time to treat scabies as documeted b Fracisco Herádez. [10]. This plat is still used to treat various illesses" [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] "Foud alog stream baks i thickets ad forests of Mexico ad Cetral America " [No evidece of icreased fire risk i atural ecosstems] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece that aturalized Justicia species icrease fire risks [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "I Hawaii, Mexicaidigo is occasioall used as a hedge or screeig plat or i mixed shrub borders, preferabl i a shad locatio o fertile, well-draied soil; this species is ot salt tolerat." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "The widel used Mexica hoesuckle, Justicia spicigera, is shade tolerat ad has orage flower." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Light: Full su to partial shade, o full shade." [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Most shade tolerat of the other species." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] " is ot fuss about soil, ad is fairl drought tolerat." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "It s ot too fuss about soil tpe ad it does well i a dappled shade situatio." Top Tropicals. Justicia spicigera. Top Tropicals Botaical Garde, GERA Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "It is adaptable to various soils, requires little fertilizatio, withstads extreme heat, " [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall;" [Acathaceae] [Forms dese thickets? Possibl] "Foud alog stream baks i thickets ad forests of Mexico ad Cetral America, this plat is ofte cultivated for use as laudr bluig ad i some areas as a de." [Uclear whether plat forms thickets, or is a compoet of thicket vegetatio] [Aquatic? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall;" [Acathaceae] Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 5 of 8

6 Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Firecracker Plat, Mexica Hoesuckle, Orage Plume Flower - Justicia spicigera Kartuz Greehouses. Justicia spicigera 'Sidicaro'. +Sidicaro.html Meer, J-Y./Laverge, C.. Beautés fatales : Acathaceae species as ivasive alie plats o tropical Ido-Pacific Islads. Diversit ad Distributios. 10: Maktelow, M.. The filamet curtai: a structure importat to sstematics ad polliatio biolog i the Acathaceae. BofuicalJoumal of the Liea Societ. 133: Staples,G.W./Imada, C.T./Herbst, D.R.. New Hawaiia plat records for Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 68: Marti, C.A.. Justicia spicigera. Arizoa State Uiversit, %20html%20files/justiciaspicigera.html [Grass? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall;" [Acathaceae] [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall;" [Acathaceae] [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Shrubs to 6' tall; stem 4-agles. Lves petiolate; blades obloglaceolate to ovate, to 7" log." [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece [Produces viable seed? Possibl No i Costa Rica] "Ol oe collectio of this plat, Skutch 4809 (F, MO, NY), has bee made i Costa Rica, i the Rio Geeral basi i March. It had abudat flowers, but o fruits." [Produces viable seed? Yes, but rare] "Frt rare i Hawai`i." [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Bag seedheads to capture ripeig seed; Allow pods to dr o plat; break ope to collect seeds; Properl cleaed, seed ca be successfull stored" [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "Justicia spicigera 'Sidicaro'"... "With a abudace of flamig bright orage flowers, this uusual shrimp plat blooms cotiuousl from earl sprig through fall. A fast growig upright tropical growig to 30 iches i height i groud or i cotaier, 5 to 6 feet i the tropics. Full or partial su. Ukow origi. It's thought to be a hbrid of Justicia spicigera. Hardiess is also ukow. The commo Justicia spicigera species is somewhat hard but this cultivar looks to be more tropical i ature." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow for J. spicigera] "Justicia is more or less self compatible but most species are allogamous, ad the major polliators beig large bees or hummigbirds;" [Requires specialist polliators? Yes] "The filamet curtai is a complex structure foud i Acathaceae iside the corolla. It usuall divides the corolla ito two compartmets, eclosig the mai ectar bulk behid two adjacet filamet bads." "The evolutioar origi of the filamet curtai is probabl coected with its fuctios i polliatio biolog, which are proposed to be those of restricted ectar access, prevetio of ectar evaporatio, lever arm fuctio facilitatig dorsal polle depositio, ad stabilizig of posticous positio of athers ad stle." "Similar geiculate corolla lobe traces were also foud i several geera i tribe Justicieae, Justicia spicigera Schltr.," [Requires specialist polliators? Yes] "ifloresceces are few-flowered, oe-sided racemes composed of 1.5" log, orage or red, 2-lipped flowers, the lower lip recurved." [Tubular structure adapted for hummigbirds] [Requires specialist polliators? Yes] "Hummigbirds frequet firecracker plat itesel whe i flower. Firecracker plat is a a oasis or mesic shrub substitute for chuparosa (J. califorica) whe hummigbirds are wated i the ladscape." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Requires specialist polliators? Yes] "It s reportedl a hummigbird plat ad that makes sese give the shape ad color of the bloom. I ve ever see a hummigbirds feedig at the blooms, though. Ad it ma well be that the polliators ative to this plat are t ormall i this geographic area." Llamas, K.A.. Tropical Flowerig Plats. Timber Press, Portlad, OR [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Yes] "Droopig braches will take root at odes producig large clumps." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 1-2] "Be patiet if ou ve plated Mexica Hoesuckle recetl. It ca take a ear or so before it demostrates what a great additio to the garde it is. Just give it a little room ad let it go." Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 6 of 8

7 Staples,G.W./Imada, C.T./Herbst, D.R.. New Hawaiia plat records for Bishop Museum Occasioal Papers. 68: Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Zomlefer, W.B.. Guide to Flowerig Plat Families. The Uiversit of North Carolia Press, Chapel Hill & Lodo Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: Burger, W. (ed.). Flora Costaricesis - Famil #200, Acathaceae b L.H. Durkee, Famil #201, Platagiaceae b William Burger. Fieldiaa: Bota. 18: [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Potetiall] "The followig specimes documet this Cetral America species as aturalized i the Hawaiia Islads. It was formerl kow ol i cultivatio as a orametal plat. It is likel that it has escaped o other islads as well. Mexica idigo is a shrub to 6' tall with opposite leaves, the blades oblog laceolate to ovate, up to 7" log; ifloresceces are few flowered, oe-sided racemes composed of 1.5" log, orage or red, 2-lipped flowers, the lower lip recurved. Material examied. O AHU: Hoolulu, lower Roud Top i disturbed dr forest alog roadside above stream, ear 2010 Roud Top Drive, elev. ca. 61 m, 25 Mar 1998, G. Ra & E. Gibe 100. MOLOKA I: Hälawa Valle, aturalized i areas alog road, elev. ca. 100 ft, 9 Jul 1983, K. Nagata 2671." [Distributio alog roadside suggests propagules, either seeds or vegetative material, ma be iadvertetl dispersed alog well trafficked corridors] [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Justicia spicigera is recogized b its frequetl darkeed, ovate leaves, axillar spicate paicles with secud flowers, ad orage corollas (3.5 to 4.4 cm log) which are fusiform whe uopeed. It is easil cofused with J. tictoria, which is also cultivated for the same purposes, but ca be distiguished from it b its fusiform corollas (vs. arrowl fuelform) ad its larger, ovate leaves (6.5 to 1 7 cm log vs. elliptic leaves 4.5 to 14 cm log)." [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "I Hawaii, Mexica-idigo is occasioall used as a hedge or screeig plat or i mixed shrub borders, preferabl i a shad locatio o fertile, well-draied soil; this species is ot salt tolerat. The flowers are sometimes used i leis." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "Frt rare i Hawai`i." [Ulikel, give limited seed productio i Hawaiia Islads] [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? Possibl for short distaces] "Most geera of the Acathaceae are characterized b a bilocular capsule that splits elasticall, leavig a persistet cetral colum." [Famil Descriptio] [Propagules water dispersed? Possibl] "Foud alog stream baks i thickets ad forests of Mexico ad Cetral America " [Propagules bird dispersed? No] "Fruits a capsule, clavate, 4- seeded." [Not flesh fruited] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Ulikel] Capsules, ad seeds, whe produced, lack a meas of exteral attachmet but ma adhere to mud or fur WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Ukow] Capsules ad seeds, whe produced, are ot adapted for cosumptio ad iteral dispersal Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "Frt rare i Hawai`i." Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Roal Botaic Gardes Kew. Seed Iformatio Database (SID). Versio [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] "Frt rare i Hawai`i." [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio foud o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Hard pruig is required after bloomig to maitai a compact growth form." M Gardeer Sas. Mexica Hoesuckle Sprig Show-Off. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Most ears, if there s a deep eough freeze, this fabulous herbaceous pereial dies to the groud ad returs from its roots oce temperatures warm. The i mid to late summer, it begis its bloom ccle. " Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 7 of 8

8 WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 3/27/2012 Justicia spicigera (Acathaceae) Page 8 of 8