Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE. Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
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1 Common Name: RADFORD S SEDGE Scientific Name: Carex radfordii L.L. Gaddy Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Cyperaceae (sedge) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1?
2 State Legal Status: Threatened Federal Legal Status: none Federal Wetland Status: none Description: Perennial, grass-like, robust herb forming dense clumps. Flowering stems inches (28-61 cm) tall, erect, solid, triangular in cross-section, usually 1½ times longer than the basal leaves. Leaf blades inches long, ¼ - ½ inch wide (28-59 cm long, 5-10 mm wide), mostly basal; blue-green with a whitish, waxy coating on the lower surface, smooth except for tiny teeth on the lower midvein; the lower part of the leaves is pale green with darker green stripes; a small, tan sheath, up to 1¼ inches (3.2 cm) long, partly encloses the bottom of the stem (it looks like a small, withered leaf). Male flower spike ½ - 1½ inch (1.2-4 cm) long, solitary, on a stalk up to 4⅓ inches ( cm) long at the top of the plant. Female flower spikes up to 1¾ inch ( cm) long, 3-5 spikes per stem, held below the male-flowered spike on the same stem; each female flower spike with 3-10 loosely overlapping fruits and scales; scales have a long, spike-like bristle between two transparent wings, which are variable in shape, often asymmetrical. Fruit body about ⅛ inch ( mm) long, tightly enclosed in a 3- sided, strongly veined sac (perigynium). Magnification of 10x is needed to examine the spikes and fruits. Similar Species: Several species of Carex (especially C. laxiflora, C. manhartii, C. purpurifera, and C. striatula) resemble Radford s sedge, which is distinguished by the combination of blue-green leaves with waxy undersides, green-striped leaf bases, tan sheath at the base of the stem, and the oddly shaped scales with very long bristle-tips on the femaleflowered spikes. Related Rare Species: Nearly 40 species of Carex are protected or of Special Concern in Georgia. Detailed information about 7 of these Carex species is provided on this website: Baltzell s sedge (C. baltzellii), granite dome sedge (C. biltmoreana), velvet sedge (C. dasycarpa), impressed-nerve sedge (C. impressinervia), wretched sedge (C. misera), Radford s sedge (C. radfordii), and Roan Mountain sedge (C. roanensis). Habitat: Moist, rich hardwood forests with soils high in calcium and magnesium, along the Brevard Belt of metasedimentary rock that follows the Blue Ridge escarpment at the transition between the Blue Ridge and Piedmont. Life History: Radford s sedge, like most sedges, is wind-pollinated. Nothing is known about seed dispersal or other aspects of reproduction for this species for this species. Survey Recommendations: Surveys are best conducted during fruiting (late April mid-june). Range: Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina
3 Threats: Clearing, logging, and development of habitat; horse and off-road-vehicle traffic; exotic pests such as wild hogs and invasive plant species. Georgia Conservation Status: One population is known in Georgia, it occurs in the Chattahoochee National Forest. Conservation and Management Recommendations: Protect rich hardwood forests from development, logging, and clearing. Eradicate exotic pest plants and animals such as wild hogs. In the vicinity of the plants, limit recreation to foot travel only; exclude horses and motorized vehicles. Selected References: FNA Flora of North America. Vol. 23, Magnoliophyta: Commelinidae (in part), Cyperaceae (part 1). Oxford University Press, New York. Gaddy, L.L Carex radfordii (Section Laxiflorae: Cyperaceae), a new species from the southern Appalachians. Novon 5: NatureServe NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Weakley, A.S Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and surrounding areas. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel Hill. Author of species account: Linda G. Chafin Date Compiled or Updated: L. Chafin, Oct. 2007: original account K. Owers, Jan. 2010: updated status and ranks, added pictures
4 Leaf base with large ligule
5 Striped leaf base
6 Pistillate scale with wings and awn
7 Tan and white striped sheath at base of culm
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS. Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri. Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent
Common Name: PORTER S REED GRASS Scientific Name: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray ssp. porteri Other Commonly Used Names: Porter s reed bent Previously Used Scientific Names: Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE. Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley. Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue
Common Name: TRAILING MEADOWRUE Scientific Name: Thalictrum debile Buckley Other Commonly Used Names: southern meadow-rue Previously Used Scientific Names: Thalictrum arkansanum Boivin, Thalictrum texanum
Common Name: BUTTERNUT
Common Name: BUTTERNUT Scientific Name: Juglans cinerea Linnaeus Other Commonly Used Names: white walnut, oilnut Previously Used Scientific Names: Wallia cinerea (Linnaeus) Alefeld Family: Juglandaceae
Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads
Common Name: FREMONT S LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis fremontii S. Watson Other Commonly Used Names: Fremont s virgins-bower, Fremont s clematis, Fremont s curly-heads Previously Used Scientific
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS. Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: GEORGIA ROCKCRESS Scientific Name: Arabis georgiana Harper Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Brassicaceae/Cruciferae (mustard) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN. Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson. Other Commonly Used Names: none
Common Name: VARIABLE-LEAF INDIAN-PLANTAIN Scientific Name: Arnoglossum diversifolium (Torrey & Gray) H.E. Robinson Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Cacalia diversifolia
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Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand) House, Listera reniformis Small
Common Name: APPALACHIAN TWAYBLADE Scientific Name: Listera smallii Wiegand Other Commonly Used Names: kidney-leaf twayblade, Small s twayblade Previously Used Scientific Names: Ophrys smallii (Wiegand)
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET. Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff. Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus
Common Name: ALABAMA WARBONNET Scientific Name: Jamesianthus alabamensis Blake & Sherff Other Commonly Used Names: Jamesianthus Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Asteraceae/Compositae (aster)
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER. Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ALABAMA LEATHER FLOWER Scientific Name: Clematis socialis Kral Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Ranunculaceae (buttercup) Rarity Ranks: G1/S1
Previously Used Scientific Names: Cypripedium daultonii Soukop (nomen nudum), C. furcatum Rafinesque.
Common Name: SOUTHERN LADY S-SLIPPER Scientific Name: Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Other Commonly Used Names: Kentucky lady s-slipper, ivory-lipped lady s-slipper Previously Used Scientific Names:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega
Common Name: GRIT PORTULACA Scientific Name: Portulaca biloba Urban Other Commonly Used Names: grit purslane Previously Used Scientific Names: Portulaca teretifolia ssp. cubensis (Urban) Ortega Family:
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Previously Used Scientific Names: Kalmia angustifolia var. carolina (Small) Fernald
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Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY. Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty
Common Name: AWNED MEADOWBEAUTY Scientific Name: Rhexia aristosa Britton Other Commonly Used Names: awnpetal meadowbeauty Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Melastomataceae (meadowbeauty) Rarity
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM. Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: RELICT TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium reliquum J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Trilliaceae (Trillium) or Melanthiaceae (bunchflower)
Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium
Common Name: CHATTAHOOCHEE TRILLIUM Scientific Name: Trillium decipiens J.D. Freeman Other Commonly Used Names: Chattahoochee toadshade, mimic trillium, deceptive trillium Previously Used Scientific Names:
Other Commonly Used Names: spreading false foxglove, spreading yellow false foxglove
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Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON. Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman. Other Commonly Used Names: none. Previously Used Scientific Names: none
Common Name: ELLIOTT S CROTON Scientific Name: Croton elliottii Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Euphorbiaceae (spurge) Rarity Ranks: G2G3/S2S3 State
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA. Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton. Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea
Common Name: VIRGINIA SPIRAEA Scientific Name: Spiraea virginiana Britton Other Commonly Used Names: Appalachian spiraea Previously Used Scientific Names: none Family: Rosaceae (rose) Rarity Ranks: G2/S1
Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod
Common Name: TRAILING MILKVINE Scientific Name: Matelea pubiflora (Decaisne) Woodson Other Commonly Used Names: trailing spiny-pod, sandhill spiny pod Previously Used Scientific Names: Edisonia pubiflora
Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson
Common Name: WHORLED SUNFLOWER Scientific Name: Helianthus verticillatus Small Other Commonly Used Names: Previously Used Scientific Names: Helianthus X verticillatus E.E. Watson Family: Asteraceae/Compositae
Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium ashei (Weatherby) Small, Satureja ashei Weatherby
Common Name: ASHE S SAVORY Scientific Name: Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners Other Commonly Used Names: Ohoopee wild basil, Ashe s calamint, Ashe s wild savory Previously Used Scientific Names: Clinopodium
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Common Name: PONDSPICE Scientific Name: Litsea aestivalis (Linnaeus) Fernald Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Laurus aestivalis Linnaeus, Litsea geniculata (Walter) G.
Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood
Common Name: CORKWOOD Scientific Name: Leitneria floridana Chapman Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Myrica floridana (Chapman) A.W. Wood Family: Leitneriaceae (corkwood)
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Common Name: FLORIDA TORREYA Scientific Name: Torreya taxifolia Arnott Other Commonly Used Names: stinking-cedar, gopherwood Previously Used Scientific Names: Tumion taxifolium (Arnott) Greene Family:
Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia affinis C.F. Austin ex A. Gray
Common Name: SMALL WHORLED POGONIA Scientific Name: Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Rafinesque Other Commonly Used Names: none Previously Used Scientific Names: Isotria affinis (C.F. Austin) Rydberg, Pogonia
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