New varieties and selections from the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme

Transcription

1 Factsheet 15/14 (Project SF 35b) Soft New varieties and selections from the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme Nikki Jennings, The James Hutton Institute HDC is a member of the UK Raspberry Breeding Consortium which funds the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme, based at The James Hutton Institute (Figure 1). This Factsheet summarises the attributes of the named and most promising raspberry selections which have been developed since the consortium was formed in Action points Two named raspberry varieties from the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme have been released to the UK raspberry industry. Four advanced selections are also showing great promise in trials. These varieties and selections are: Glen Fyne A high yielding early/mid-season variety offering a replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen. Glen Ericht An early/mid-season variety which is tolerant of Phytophthora (root rot) and is suited to the processing market. 0435D-3 An early-season selection with sweet berries which is suited to fresh market production under early tunnels. 0485K-1 An early/mid-season selection with large glossy fruits which offers a replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen. 0019E2 A mid/late-season selection producing very high quality berries, offering a replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen. 0447C-5 A late-season selection producing high yields of high quality fruit, offering a replacement for Octavia. The use of marker assisted breeding for resistance to Phytophthora root rot and fruit quality traits is now being utilised within the breeding programme. 1. Raspberry breeder Nikki Jennings presenting the latest varieties and selections to the industry at The James Hutton Institute

2 Introduction Since 2009, the UK Raspberry Breeding Programme based at The James Hutton Institute has been funded by the Scottish Government and the UK Raspberry Breeding Consortium, which consists of ten UK industry partners including the HDC (see Further information). HDC involvement in the consortium ensures that all varieties that are released from the programme will be available for use by all raspberry growers in Scotland, England and Wales. There are five main aims of the programme: To develop new raspberry varieties suitable for machine harvesting for processing and also for the fresh market, offering an extended season through protected cropping. crosses for particular traits and screen the resulting seedlings for specific characteristics at a much earlier stage than in the past, so they can pick the most useful selections more quickly. This marker-assisted breeding shaves years off the time it takes for new varieties to reach growers. Since 2009, two new named floricane (summer fruiting) varieties have been released to the industry and four advanced numbered selections show great promise and are currently being assessed in grower trials including the HDC summer fruiting raspberry variety trial (SF 41d) at Rectory Farm, Stanton St. John, Oxford. The characteristics of each of these are summarised in this Factsheet. Produce new hybrids with improved pest and disease resistance, especially to Phytophthora rubi (the cause of root rot). Deploy marker assisted selection to incorporate pest/ disease resistance or other fruit quality traits which will reduce the time required to produce new improved varieties. Development of new primocane fruiting varieties. Evaluate promising selections under commercial conditions in grower trials. It is now possible to make use of marker assisted selection (Figure 2) in the programme as a result of new technology developed by two Defra-funded Horticulture LINK projects undertaken at the James Hutton Institute, which were both also part funded by HDC. The first (HL 0169/SF 63) pinpointed molecular markers and genes on the raspberry genetic map which are linked to resistance to Phytophthora root rot. The second (HL 0170/SF 76) found molecular markers linked to fruit quality traits such as colour and flavour. The results mean the breeding team at The James Hutton Institute can more easily identify the best parents to make 2. Marker assisted technology is now used within the breeding programme at The James Hutton Institute Named varieties Glen Fyne Glen Fyne is an early/mid-season variety which fruits 2-3 days earlier than Glen Ample when grown outside at The James Hutton Institute. are spine free, moderate in vigour and easy to manage. Bud break is early and uniform down the length of canes, suggesting that it is suited to early production under protection. The fruit is well presented on strong laterals and plugs easily from the receptacle (Figure 3). size is slightly smaller than Glen Ample, but similar to Tulameen. is bright red and attractive, slightly conical in shape and berries are firm and cohesive with a shelf-life similar to Glen Ample. Glen Fyne has a sweet and aromatic raspberry flavour which is consistent throughout the season. Glen Fyne regularly yields more than Glen Ample and Tulameen, despite producing a marginally smaller berry than Glen Ample. 3. Glen Fyne is well presented on strong laterals

3 Glen Fyne carries the A10 gene, conferring resistance to four biotypes of the large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei). It is susceptible to powdery mildew and very susceptible to Phytophthora rubi (raspberry root rot), so it may be better suited to production in soilless substrates. Glen Fyne is suited to fresh market production and is now accepted by some of the major multiple retailers. It offers a suitable replacement for Glen Ample and Tulameen. It is also suited to machine harvesting (Figure 4). Glen Ericht is a high yielding variety which compares well with Glen Fyne, and regularly produces higher yields than Glen Ample. Glen Ericht produces very upright canes which are spine free and easy to manage. The fruit is well presented on strong laterals and plugs easily from the receptacle. The upright habit and ease of plugging make Glen Ericht ideal for machine harvesting. Glen Ericht has a vigorous root system and has exhibited strong field tolerance to Phytophthora rubi (root rot) when trialled on heavily infested plots (Figure 5). It also carries the A10 gene, conferring resistance to four biotypes of the large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei). It has also remained free from raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV). Glen Ericht is known to be susceptible to crown gall. 4. Glen Fyne is suited to machine harvesting Glen Fyne plants are currently available for purchasing through R.W. Walpole, Hargreaves Plants and Highland Stocks Ltd. Glen Ericht Glen Ericht is an early/mid-season variety which starts picking around a week earlier than Glen Ample when grown outside at The James Hutton Institute. size is slightly smaller than Glen Ample but similar to Tulameen. Berries are dark red in colour with a good aroma, moderate Brix levels and high acidity. Berries are firm and cohesive but tend to soften, particularly later in the picking season. It is therefore not suitable for the fresh market. 5. Glen Ericht displaying tolerance to Phytophthora rubi in a heavily infested field plot Glen Ericht s aroma, moderate Brix levels and high acidity make it highly desirable for the processing and freezing market. The fruit quality is not suited for the fresh market. It is ideally suited to machine harvesting. Glen Ericht plants are currently available for purchasing through R.W. Walpole and J. M. Watson. Numbered selections 0435D D-3 is a very early selection which starts picking 4-6 days earlier than Glen Lyon when grown outside at The James Hutton Institute. Its picking season extends over a long period. This selection produces berries which are slightly smaller than Glen Ample and Tulameen, but they are neat (Figure 6 - overleaf), firm fruits with sweet flavour and low acidity. size and Brix have been consistent throughout picking. Their appearance and flavour have proved to be very popular at grower events.

4 K-1 has a strikingly attractive glossy appearance D-3 produces neat, firm fruits with sweet flavour In recent trials, it has been high yielding, producing yields equal to or higher than Glen Ample, which is in part helped by its long picking period. 0435D-3 canes are spine-free, moderate in vigour in the field, with a squat habit and short internode length, making them easy to manage. The fruit is very well presented to pickers. Its early season may make it more prone to frost damage, which occurred in 2012, although it produced secondary laterals, ensuring a later but smaller crop was still picked. 0435D-3 has been shown to be susceptible to Phytophthora rubi (root rot) and raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV). 0435D-3 is seen as an early, sweet variety suited to fresh market production under protection, aiming at the early part of the production season. 0435D-3 is available for planting in trial quantities through R.W. Walpole. 0485K K-1 is an early/mid-season selection which starts picking 4-6 days earlier than Glen Ample when grown outside at The James Hutton Institute. The fruits are glossy in appearance, a mid-red colour, attractive, evenly set, cohesive and conical in shape (Figure 7). size and Brix are consistent throughout the picking season and the flavour is very good. It also has an excellent shelf-life. size is consistently larger than Glen Fyne and Tulameen. s have been slightly lower than Glen Fyne and Tulameen in trials so far, but 0485K-1 has produced a higher percentage of marketable fruit than either of these varieties. The canes are spine free, plentiful in number and upright to spreading in habit. The fruit is well displayed to pickers on medium to very long laterals. 0485K-1 is known to be susceptible to Phytophthora rubi (root rot). 0485K-1 has the potential to be used in the fresh market during the mid-season cropping period as a replacement for Glen Ample or Tulameen, offering a large attractive, glossy red berry with good shelf-life. 0485K-1 is available for planting in trial quantities through R.W. Walpole. 0019E2 0019E2 is a mid/late season selection which has a very similar picking season to Glen Ample and Tulameen. It consistently produces very large, firm, cohesive berries, which are bright and attractive with an excellent shelf-life (Figure 8 - overleaf). The berries have been consistently larger than Glen Ample and Tulameen in trials and have had a better flavour. In recent trials, 0019E2 has outyielded Glen Ample and Tulameen in some seasons, but not all. Several triallists from the UK, Germany and Spain reported higher yields than Glen Ample in both 2011 and 2012.

5 The fruit size is consistently large and bigger than Glen Ample, Tulameen and Octavia. The fruit is attractive, firm and has excellent flavour throughout the picking period. The shelf-life is good with berries retaining their colour well during cold storage. s for 0447C-5 in trials have been consistently higher than Glen Ample, Tulameen and Octavia E2 produces very large, firm, cohesive berries, which are bright and attractive are spine free, upright in habit and adequate in number. The fruit is well presented to pickers on medium to long ascending laterals. However, during harvest, the laterals are susceptible to breakage, so lateral support is required for this selection. Poor bud break in some seasons suggest that 0019E2 requires considerable chilling (similar to Glen Ample) to ensure even bud break and fruiting lateral production down the full length of the floricane. are spine free, with a neat upright habit. They have a vigorous root system and display fruit well to pickers, making them easy to manage and pick (Figure 9). 0019E2 is known to carry the A10 gene, conferring resistance to four biotypes of the large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei). No pest or disease problems have been identified in trials so far. 0019E2 offers a potential alternative to Glen Ample and Tulameen. With a similar season of production, larger fruit size, excellent shelf-life, improved yield and a better flavour, it offers many useful attributes. 0019E2 is available for planting in trial quantities through R.W. Walpole. 0447C-5 (Provisionally named Glen Dee) 0447C-5 is a late fruiting selection with a season very similar to Octavia, but continues to pick for a week longer than Octavia C-5 displays fruits well to pickers making it easy to pick So far, no symptoms of Phytophthora rubi (root rot) have been seen in trial plots and no other pest or disease problems have been detected. 0447C-5 is seen as a fresh market selection which has potential to replace Octavia for the late season. Given its large fruit size, high yields, high quality fruit and extended picking season beyond Octavia, it offers growers with an excellent opportunity for the late July/August picking period. 0447C-5 is currently available for purchasing through R.W. Walpole. Future HDC raspberry variety trials Of all the varieties and numbered selections presented in this Factsheet, Glen Fyne, 0435D-3, 0485K-1 and 0447C-5 have been included in the latest HDC funded summer fruiting raspberry variety trial for further assessment and comparison with standard varieties such as Tulameen and Octavia. This trial (HDC Project SF 41d) has been planted and established at Rectory Farm, Stanton St. John, near Oxford, by kind permission of Richard Stanley (Stanley and Pickford) and is being managed by Harriet Roberts and Janet Allen of ADAS. Full details of the trial and all the varieties/selections included can be found on the HDC website www. hdc.org.uk.

6 Other useful publications HDC Factsheet 04/14 Raspberry variety trials summer fruiting selections at JHI in 2013 (Project SF 35b) HDC Factsheet 17/13 Raspberry variety trials summer fruiting selections at JHI in 2012 (Project SF 35b) HDC Factsheet 08/12 Raspberry variety trials summer fruiting selections at JHI in 2011 (Project SF 35b) HDC Factsheet 10/10 Raspberry variety trials summer fruiting selections at SCRI in 2009 (Project SF 35b) HDC Project SF 41c Raspberry: Summer fruiting variety trial (Final report, June 2013) HDC Project SF 41d Raspberry: Summer fruiting raspberry variety trial (Annual report 2014) HDC Factsheet 06/11 Raspberry variety trials summer fruiting selections at SCRI in 2010 (Project SF 35b) Further information Plant availability Some of the varieties and numbered selections discussed in this Factsheet are available for purchasing through different commercial raspberry propagators. Contact details of these are listed below: RW Walpole Ltd Ivy Farm Terrington St. Clement King s Lynn Norfolk, PE34 4PX Tel: sales@rwwalpole.co.uk Web: Hargreaves Plants Ltd Church Farm Station Road Hillington King s Lynn Norfolk, PE31 6DH Tel: sales@hargreavesplants.com Web: Highland Stocks Ltd Mains of Murthly Aberfeldy Perthshire, PH15 2EA Tel: nicky@ecosse.net J.M. Watson Growing Ltd Mill of Montague Balbeggie Perthshire, PH2 7PR Tel: Members of the UK raspberry breeding consortium Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Angus Soft s Ltd Berry Gardens Growers Ltd CPM (Retail) Ltd GlaxoSmithKline plc Meiosis Ltd Mylnefield Research Services Ltd ReDeva Ltd Scottish Society for Crop Research The Scottish Government Trade Solutions (Scotland) Ltd While the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, operating through its HDC division, seeks to ensure that the information contained within this document is accurate at the time of printing, no warranty is given in respect thereof and, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board accepts no liability for loss, damage or injury howsoever caused (including that caused by negligence) or suffered directly or indirectly in relation to information and opinions contained in or omitted from this document. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including by photocopy or storage in any medium by electronic means) or any copy or adaptation stored, published or distributed (by physical, electronic or other means) without the prior permission in writing of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, other than by reproduction in an unmodified form for the sole purpose of use as an information resource when the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board or the HDC is clearly acknowledged as the source, or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act All rights reserved where sold HDC is a division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board (AHDB). Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL Horticultural Development Company T: E: hdc hdc.org.uk