2014 PACIFIC NORTHWEST WINTER CANOLA VAREITY TRIAL REPORT. Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR

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1 2014 PACIFIC NORTHWEST WINTER CANOLA VAREITY TRIAL REPORT Bradley Pakish 1, Jim B. Davis 1, Megan Wingerson 1, Alan Wernsing 2, Don Wysocki 2, and Jack Brown 1, 1 PSES Dept., University of Idaho, Moscow, ID Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Pendleton, OR ABSTRACT The 2014 Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trial had 20 canola or industrial rapeseed (Brassica napus) entries plus three control cultivars from both private and public breeding programs. Each cultivar was grown under a combination of different management practices at nine locations across the inland Pacific Northwest. Mean yields at sites varied from 1,829 lbs. per acre at Reardan, WA to 4,948 lbs. per acre at Genesee, ID. Mean yield of individual cultivars across all sites ranged from 2,461 to 4,260 lbs. per acre. The cultivars with the highest mean seed yield were Edimax CL, Mercedes, and Visby. INTRODUCTION For many years, winter rapeseed had been grown on a few thousand acres in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the U.S.A. Until the late 1980s, this production had been exclusively industrial rapeseed with high levels of erucic acid in its oil. The acreage has increased during the last 20 years, and most of this new production has been with cultivars that produce canola-quality oil and meal. New cultivars are continually being introduced throughout the region, and yield trials are needed to evaluate these varieties for identifying more areas in the region that are suited to winter canola or rapeseed production. Growers need to know how the yields of newly released cultivars compare to that of existing cultivars. In addition, cultivars need to be tested using direct seed technology to determine varietal responses to tillage method. To address these issues, the University of Idaho founded the Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trial (PNWWVT) in the fall of Both commercial cultivars and advanced breeding lines have been tested, and in the last 19 years the project has evaluated 160 different winter cultivars or advanced lines; representing 20 companies. The trial was funded by the NIFA (National Institute of Food and Agriculture) PNW Canola Research Program, the University of Idaho, and fees paid by the commercial companies that submit their cultivars or advanced breeding lines to be tested in the PNWWVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty different Brassica napus cultivars and three control cultivars ( Athena canola, Amanda canola, and Durola rapeseed) were planted in the fall of 2013 at nine locations across the inland Pacific Northwest (Table 1). All of the cultivars evaluated were canola quality, except for Durola rapeseed and two industrial rapeseed breeding lines from the University of Idaho; 05.WI.42.4 IMI and 05.WI IMI. These industrial rapeseed cultivars have canola quality seed meal that is low in glucosinolates. Entries for this year s trial came from DL Seeds, Winfield LLC, Kansas State University, and the University of Idaho. Entries with a RR at the end of their name are Roundup Ready types, while CL or IMI denotes a Clearfield canola or

2 other variety that is resistance to imidazolinone herbicides. Seeds of all entries were treated with Helix XTra or Prosper 400 for control of flea beetles and seedling diseases. Table 1. Location, tillage regime, and planting date of trials in the Pacific Northwest Winter Canola Variety Trial. Location Tillage Regime Planting Date Odessa, WA irrigated, conventional recrop September 10, 2013 Reardan, WA direct seed, chemical fallow August 7, 2013 St. John, WA direct seed, chemical fallow August 6, 2013 LaCrosse, WA direct seed, chemical fallow August 6, 2013 Pendleton, OR conventional fallow September 11, 2013 Hermiston, OR irrigated, conventional recrop September 12, 2013 Genesee, ID conventional fallow August 16, 2013 Moscow, ID conventional fallow August 12, 2013 Grangeville, ID conventional fallow August 5, 2013 The experimental design at all sites was a randomized complete block with four replications, and individual plot dimensions were 4 by 15 ft. A seeding rate of approximately 7 lbs. per acre was used for each plot. Three sites in Washington (St. John, LaCrosse, and Reardan) were direct seeded, and the remainder of the sites utilized conventional tillage. The direct seed sites were planted using a plot drill with Flexi-Coil Stealth openers that place fertilizer below paired seed rows. The site at Grangeville had poor emerge due to dry soil conditions at planting and was partially reseeded in on September 9, Trials were fertilized and managed according to local practices. The date that 50% of the plants in a particular plot had begun flowering and plant height at maturity was recorded for each plot at the Moscow and Genesee locations. Plots were swathed at Moscow, Genesee, Pendleton, and Odessa prior to harvest to allow the plant stems to dry to ease harvest. Plots at the rest of the locations were harvested directly. A small plot combine was used for harvesting of all plots. After harvest, the seed was weighed to determine yield, and a cleaned subsample from each plot was saved for oil content analyses. Oil content was estimated using a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyzer after samples were dried to approximately 2% moisture. RESULTS The Idaho sites and the sites at Reardan, St. John, and LaCrosse were planted earlier than in previous years in an effort to utilized moisture that was available at the time to improve establishment. Good establishment was obtained at each of these locations except at Grangeville. At Grangeville, planting of the trial was delayed about two weeks beyond the time when the grower-cooperator planted, and the upper layer of the soil dried during that time to rather heavy cultivation. This situation resulted in uneven emergence, and so the trial was reseeded in early September after a late summer rain.

3 A hard freeze in early February caused some winter kill across sites in Washington and Oregon, and winter survival scores (1 to 9 score, with 1 = no survival and 9 = full survival) were recorded at LaCrosse and Reardan. Mercedes, Griffin, and KSR.07352S shared the highest mean winter survival score of 7.1. Amanda, UI , 05, WC IMI, HyCLASS 115W, and HyCLASS 125W had scores above 6.0 and were statistically similar to the top scores. The breeding line 10.WN.89 RR had the lowest mean score at 3.75 (Table 2). The severity of frost damage at LaCrosse, WA and Hermiston, OR resulted in both trials being lost. The mean flower date for Moscow and Genesee was day 129 (days from Jan 1, i.e. May 9). The earliest variety was 06.WC.1, which flowered at day 125, while the latest cultivar was 05.WC IMI at 131 days (Table 2). Canopy height was also measured at the Moscow and Genesee locations and the mean height was 57 inches, which at less than five feet is somewhat for short winter canola in the PNW. This is likely due to the late, hard freeze that occurred in February and cool temperatures during the early spring growing season. The shortest cultivar was 10.WN.86.RR at 54 inches and the tallest was 05.WC IMI at 60 inches. The mean seed yield of the seven surviving sites was 3,272 lbs. per acre, and the mean yield at individual sites ranges from 1,829 lbs. per acre for Reardan to 4,948 lbs. per acre for Genesee (Table 2). Cultivars yielded from 2,485 lbs. per acre to 4,601 lbs. per acre when averaged across all sites. The top three yielding cultivars across all locations had excellent mean seed yields of over 4,000 lbs. per acre. The top yielding varieties were Mercedes (4,260 lbs. per acre), Edimax CL (4,118 lbs. per acre), and Visby (4,067 lbs. per acre). The next thirteen cultivars yielded between 3,000 and 3,700 lbs per acre. The lowest yielding cultivar was 05.WC IMI with a seed yield of only 2,461 lbs per acre. The average seed oil content for all cultivars across all locations was 42.2% (Table 3). At individual sites, oil content ranged from 38.8% at Odessa to a high of 44.9% at Reardan. Among cultivars, the mean seed oil content was highest in the three industrial rapeseed varieties 05.WI , 05.WI.42.4 and Durola. All of the industrial oil quality cultivars had a mean seed oil content that was above 45%, but the canola quality cultivar Mercedes was close with a mean oil content of 44.5%. The average oil content for all of the canola quality cultivars was 41.8%. CONCLUSION Continued progress is being made in cultivar development, and this year s entries continued to show higher yield potential than older cultivars. One new Roundup Ready winter canola variety were entered in the trial along with two that have been tested in past trials, and a yield lag was again observed for these cultivars compared to conventional types. For the second year in a row, imidazolinone herbicide resistant, or Clearfield, canola varieties were entered into the trial. Results were mixed; one IMI-resistant cultivar had the second highest yield, while the other varieties were in the middle to the bottom of the yield range. This shows that IMIresistant cultivars can have high yield potential in the PNW when they are adapted to the region. These cultivars have the potential to help growers handle herbicide residue issues as well as herbicide drift problems, since IMI-resistant cultivars typically show cross resistance to both IMI herbicides and sulfonylurea herbicides.

4 Table 2. Results of the PNW Winter Canola & Rapeseed Variety Trial including mean yield (lbs./acre) and rank, yield by site (lbs./acre), winter survival (1 to 9 score, with 1 indicating no survival and 9, full survival), flower date (days after January 1), and plant canopy height (inches). Yield by location St Varieties Tested Mean Yield Odessa Reardan John Moscow Genesee Grangeville Pendleton Winter Flower Canopy WA WA WA ID ID ID OR Survival* Date** Height** lbs per acre rank lbs per acre days score after inches Controls Jan. 1 Athena 3, ,011 1,492 3,979 2,583 4,876 4,517 2, Amanda 3, ,979 2,238 3,683 2,915 4,996 3,572 3, Durola Rapeseed 3, ,669 1,478 4,082 2,927 4,913 4,095 3, DL Seeds Edimax CL 4, ,454 2,033 5,458 3,338 6,147 5,210 3, Mercedes 4, ,601 2,425 4,637 3,159 6,585 5,275 3, Visby 4, ,575 2,001 4,868 3,593 6,897 4,530 3, Kansas State University Griffin 2, ,298 2,307 3,371 2,188 4,918 3,043 2, DKW RR (KSR.07352S) 3, ,072 2,113 4,089 2,524 4,441 3,478 2, KSR , ,242 2,328 3,731 3,589 5,348 2,901 2, Winfield HyCLASS 115W RR 3, ,121 2,247 3,449 2,461 5,131 3,673 3, HyCLASS 125W RR 2, ,112 2,016 2,660 2,748 5,104 3,079 2, University of Idaho 06.WC.1 3, ,759 1,606 3,742 2,883 4,771 4,076 2, UI , ,772 1,541 3,489 2,340 5,057 3,457 2, WL , ,817 1,776 3,934 2,977 4,909 3,426 2, WC IMI 3, ,198 1,700 3,859 2,969 3,961 2,787 2, WC IMI 2, ,438 1,308 2,831 1,876 3,905 2,220 2, WC IMI 2, ,485 1,188 2,920 1,983 3,870 2,112 2, WC IMI 3, ,810 2,071 3,544 2,816 4,943 3,458 2, WI.42.4 IMI Rapeseed 3, ,396 1,345 3,394 2,457 3,822 3,670 2, WI IMI Rapeseed 3, ,085 1,530 3,990 2,724 4,648 4,454 3, WN.85.RR 2, ,989 1,740 2,275 2,498 4,708 3,653 2, WN.86.RR 2, ,909 2,217 1,966 2,829 4,926 3,216 2, WN.89.RR 2, ,238 1,372 2,285 2,164 4,926 3,262 2, Mean 3,272 3,349 1,829 3,575 2,719 4,948 3,616 2, LSD (p = 0.05) 288 1, C.V * mean of scores at LaCrosse, WA and Reardan, WA ** mean of values at Moscow, ID and Genesee, ID

5 Table 3. Oil content estimations (percent) determined by NMR analysis of entries in the PNW Winter Canola & Rapeseed Variety Trial. Varieties Tested Controls Yield by location St Mean Oil Odessa Reardan John Moscow Genesee Grangeville Pendleton Content WA WA WA ID ID ID OR percent oil rank percent Athena Amanda Durola Rapeseed DL Seeds Edimax CL Mercedes Visby Kansas State University Griffin DKW RR (KSR.07352S) KSR Winfield HyCLASS 115W RR HyCLASS 125W RR University of Idaho 06.WC UI WL WC IMI WC IMI WC IMI WC IMI WI.42.4 IMI Rapeseed WI IMI Rapeseed WN.85.RR WN.86.RR WN.89.RR Mean LSD (p = 0.05) C.V