11/30/2018. Blue Spruce and Engelmann Spruce. Engelmann Spruce Pinaceae Picea engelmanni. Ecology and Distinguishing Features.

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1 Blue Spruce and Engelmann Spruce Nigel Mitcham Engelmann Spruce Pinaceae Picea engelmanni Ecology and Distinguishing Features 1

2 Related Trees Uses Blue Spruce Pinaceae Picea pungens 2

3 Ecology and Distinguishing Features Royal Horticulture Society Uses 3

4 White Spruce & Black Spruce Alec Castonguay White Spruce Black Spruce 4

5 White Spruce Pinaceae Picea glauca Large coniferous tree Evergreen Typically grows to meters tall. ( ft) Can grow up to 40 meters. (130 ft) Trunk diameter can grow up to 1 meter. (3.3 ft) Likes long cold winters and short summers Grows from sea level to nearly 9,000 ft White Spruce Thin scaly bark, usually flaking off in small circular plates 2 4 inches across. Bark is dark gray or gray brown White Spruce Range in North America White spruce ranges from northern states up through Canada and into Alaska They are also found in Eurasia making them circumpolar 5

6 Hybridization White spruce naturally hybridizes with Sitka spruce Produces the Lutz spruce Located in Alaska Spruce Bark Beetle Infesting forests in Alaska. Around ¼ long Attack both white spruce and lutz spruce. Rarely attacks black spruce. They nest in the bark, feed on injured treese. One female can lay up to 150 eggs at a time. In 2010 they occupied over 6 million acres of forest statewide. White Spruce Leaves Needle like Four sided 1/3 ¾ long Young trees have pale bluish needles Mature Trees have dark bluish green needles Has a fragrant odor when crushed. 6

7 White Spruce Cones Cones Slender about 2 long Scales are round and soft. No armed umbos Thin and flexible when mature Monoecious: Separate male and female cones on the same plant White Spruce Use White spruce has a good timber value and is used for various things including wood for houses, furniture, and instruments. Is also used for Christmas trees in some areas. White Spruce & Fire Not very fire tolerant Fire of any kind typically destroys White Spruce. After the trees burn, the typically regenerate from seedlings that will come from trees along the edges of the fire range or some trees that did survive. White spruce is generally found in locations where fires are not very frequent. 7

8 White Spruce & Wildlife White spruce typically does not provide a preferred forage for wildlife, although in late winter some species will eat the seeds. White spruce provides important cover for wildlife such as caribou, whitetail deer, woodpeckers and moose. Black Spruce Pinaceae Pinus mariana Small coniferous tree Evergreen Mature tree usually reaches feet in height But in favorable conditions can reach feet in height Trunk up to 12 in diameter Can grow from wet lowland sites to dry upland sites Likes long cold winters Grows from sea level to 5,000 ft Typically live years Grayish to reddish brown bark Scaly like white spruce Black Spruce Bark 8

9 Black Spruce Leaves Needlelike Bluish green Short Pointed, four sided Length 1/2 Found scattered thinly over branches. Cones Oval shaped Length 1/2" to 1 1/2 Young cones purple Mature cones dark brown Monoecious Black Spruce Cones Black Spruce Fire Just like white spruce, black spruce is not very fire resistant. The trees then can regenerate from seeds within cones that were dropped from the killed trees during the fire Takes around 5 years after the fire for a stand to reestablish itself. 9

10 Black Spruce Range Northern and Northeastern parts of the United States through Canada into Alaska Black Spruce & Wildlife Not an important browse/forage tree for wildlife Does provide important cover for wildlife such as whitetail deer, moose, caribou, and birds. Thank you THE END 10

11 Presenter: La Destiny Nichols DPA: red spruce x sitka spruce Red Spruce Pinaceae Picea rubens Pinaceae Picea rubens 11

12 Leaf Pinaceae Picea rubens Cones Pinaceae Picea rubens Twig s BARK 12

13 Uses Status Literature Cited e_1/picea/rubens.htm Red-Spruce-Picea-rubens.html 13

14 Sitka Spruce Pinaceae Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Picea sitchensis observed Pinaceae Picea sitchensis LEAF 14

15 Pinaceae Picea sitchensis Cones Pinaceae Picea sitchensis uses 15

16 Status Literature cited php =PISI si.pdf s/factsheet.cfmid=223 Open twizzlers for quiz 16

17 Nathan Jacks November 29 th, 2018 Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Great Basin bristlecone pine Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Mt. Evens Rocky Mountains Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Grow in the Rocky Mountains in Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona. 17

18 Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Needles and cones are sticky and resinous Needles are retained for years. 20 years in rare cases Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Champion Tree: Pike s Peak, Colorado 72 ft. tall and 11.5 ft. dbh Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Wood: Not harvested commercially Harvesting bristlecone pine wood in Arizona is actually banned. 18

19 Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Very old trees: Oldest Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine tree grows on the southern Front Range in Colorado. This tree had 2,435 rings counted in years later Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus aristata Some of these trees have been around since before the Roman Empire. Maximus wants you to be entertained. After all, this is what you came to see. 19

20 Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Grow in California, Nevada, Utah Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Needles can be retained for 35 years 20

21 Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Variation of stand structure: Climate influences stand structure Krummholz Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Taken in a grove Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Taken in a dense stand 21

22 Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Methuselah: As of 2016, 4,848 years old. Formerly the oldest known non clonal organism on Earth. Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Great Basin bristlecone pine Pinaceae Pinus longaeva Donal Rusk Currey

23 Whitebark Pine and Knobcone Pine By: Dale Mann Whitebark Pine Pinaceae Pinus albicaulis Northwestern United States Isolated ridgetops 5,300 8,000 ft Currently endangered Whitebark Pine Range 23

24 Whitebark Pine Leaf & Cone Morphology Leaf 2 5 in. needles Fascicles of 5 Cone Male: Pinkish turns yellow brown at maturity Female: Deep red to purple Serotinous Whitebark Pine Bark Morphology Juvenile: Smooth gray white Mature: Gray, scaly Reddish brown inner bark Less than ½ in. thick Whitebark Pine Form & Silvics ft at maturity 1 2 ft diameter at maturity Extreme weather conditions Weakly developed soils Deep, sprawling root system 24

25 Whitebark Pine Blister Rust Fungus Cronartium ribicola Native to Asia, introduced to U.S. at the turn of the 20 th century Branches can be pruned to stop the spread, but no cure if trunk is impacted Efforts to crossbreed rare resistant individuals underway Whitebark Pine Mountain Pine Beetle 5 mm= grain of rice 264,000 acres infested in Colorado in 2013 Climate change and fire suppression to blame for outbreak Whitebark Pine Climate Change Rising temperatures pushing populations farther uphill Lower populations too warm, dying out 25

26 Whitebark Pine Uses A Wistful Ode to Whitebarks Trunk twisted white Cones tinted purple What I would give to behold Your unburrowed ancestors Your unblemished forefathers It seems Mother Nature herself Unleashes all she possesses Intent on ending your life Yet you survive Knobcone Pine Pinaceae Pinus attenuata 26

27 Knobcone Pine Range Pacific coast of California and Oregon 1,500 4,000 ft elevation Fragmented distribution Knobcone Pine Leaf & Cone Morphology Leaf 4 5 in. flattened needles Fascicles of 3 Cone 4 6 in. cones Swollen knobs Dense clusters of 3 6 Knobcone Pine Bark Morphology Juvenile: Thin, flaky, gray brown with orange tint Mature: Furrowed, somewhat scaly, grayred brown 27

28 Knobcone Pine Form & Silvics Shrub 80ft tall 1 2ft DBH at maturity Rocky, nutrient deficient soil 3.5 DBH 118 ft. height Fell in 2010, no new champion Champion Knobcone Pine The Terrific Tale of Bob the Knob There once was a young knobcone pine named Bob. Throughout his boyhood, Bob desired to live among the other trees, but alas he didn t fit in, for he was always much shorter and much shrubbier than his peers. The mistreatment Bob received in his childhood raised him to be quite tough and resilient. He decided the only way to prove he was superior to the larger, more handsome trees was to demonstrate his strength by living where few trees dared reside: rocky, nutrient deficient soil. Bob s plan worked flawlessly as he immediately took root, and although the barren soil kept him slight, he at least could accomplish something the others couldn t dream of doing. In the end, Bob was proud of himself for standing out from the pack and actually didn t mind being so small. Bob went on to reproducesuccessfully and his family lives happilyever after to 28

29 MEXICAN PINYON (Pinus cembroides) & JACK PINE (Pinus banksiana) LAUREN LARA FOR /29/18 Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) Jack Pine Identification Curved cones, pointed towards tip of branches Two needles per fascicle 29

30 Jack Pine: Fire ecology Best adapted to fire of the boreal conifers Serotinous cones FRI 5 30 years Jack Pine: Kirtland s Warbler Setophaga kirtlandii Pinus banksiana Jack Pine: Problems Sweet fern blister rust Porcupine Jack pine budworm 30

31 Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides) Mexican pinyon: Identification Typically 3 yellow green needles per bundle Small rose shaped cones when open Generally small, shrubby form Mexican pinyon: Ecology 31

32 Mexican pinyon: Pine nuts Mexican jay Humans Abert s squirrel Mexican pinyon: Resin 32