Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 6

Transcription

1 Famil: Fabaceae Taxo: Iga lauria Som: Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd. ex Beth. Mimosa fagifolia L. Mimosa lauria Sw. (basiom) Commo Name: guama pois doux sack sac bea sweet-pea Spaish oak Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 1 of 6

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 6 Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 2 of 6

3 Supportig Data: Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd. No evidece that Iga lauria is highl domesticated WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd CAB Iteratioal. Forestr Compedium. CAB Iteratioal, Walligford, UK Little, Jr. E.L./Wadsworth, F.H.. Commo trees of Puerto Rico ad the Virgi Islads. Agriculture Hadbook No U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Washigto, D.C Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds [Olie Database]. "The ative rage of guama (fig. 2) icludes the Greater Atilles, except Cuba, where it is aturalized (5); the Virgi Islads; Atigua; Saba; St. Kitts; Motserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie Galate; Domiica; Martiique; St. Vicet; Greada; Barbados i the Lesser Atilles; ad Triidad (13, 16)," See 2.01 [Highl adapted for tropical & subtropical climates] "Guama is adapted to moist ad wet forests, with mea aual raifall from 1400 to 3500 mm. The species also grows i drier areas o alluvial soils alog pereial or itermittet streams. Dr seasos of up to 3 moths are a feature of the climate of most of the islads where guama grows. Mea aual temperatures withi the ative rage of guama rage from about 23 to 26 C, depedig mail o altitude. Temperatures rarel exceed 32 C or drop below 15 C. Frosts are ukow i the ative rage of guama." "The ative rage of guama (fig. 2) icludes the Greater Atilles, except Cuba, where it is aturalized (5); the Virgi Islads; Atigua; Saba; St. Kitts; Motserrat; Guadeloupe; Marie Galate; Domiica; Martiique; St. Vicet; Greada; Barbados i the Lesser Atilles; ad Triidad (13, 16)," No evidece "Itroduced ito Cuba for coffee shade." "The ative rage of guama (fig. 2) icludes the Greater Atilles, except Cuba, where it is aturalized " No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. No evidece Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds [Olie Database] Alle, C.K.. Flora of Paama. Part V. Fascicle II. Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 37(2): Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd. No evidece "Table 1. Complete list of the itroduced plat taxa ecoutered i Puerto Villamil...Iga edulis...es) Escaped (itroduced for culture, aturalized" [but o impacts or cotrol efforts described] "Uarmed trees or shrubs" No spies, thors or burrs "Oe of the reasos that guama was extesivel plated as coffee shade is because it fixes itroge through smbiotic associatio with Rhizobium bacteria i its root odules. It has also bee show that itroge fixatio takes place through a ukow mechaism i the leticular bark (29)." [ulikel to be allelopathic] Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 3 of 6

4 Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Milto, K.. The foragig strateg of howler mokes: a stud i primate ecoomics. Columbia Uiversit Press, New York Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Schroth, G./Krauss, U./Gasparotto, L./Duarte Aguilar, J. A./Vohlad, K.. Pests ad diseases i agroforestr sstems of the humid tropics. Agroforestr Sstems. 50: Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd. Not parasitic "Table 4.8 Iga fagifolia Categories Eate L" [leaves of Iga fagifolia (s.) eate b Howler mokes] "Livestock readil cosume the pods (14)." "Livestock readil cosume the pods (14)." [o evidece of toxicit to aimals] "...the use as coffee shade of L. leucocephala i Java ad of Iga lauria ad Iga vera i Puerto Rico were discouraged because these species were alterative hosts of coffee pests... i the latter case of the mite Mrmelachista ambigua (Le Pelle, 1973)." "The small amout of white pulp surroudig the seeds is ver sweet ad is sometimes eate b childre." [o evidece of toxicit to humas] "adapted to moist ad wet forests, with mea aual raifall from 1400 to 3500 mm " [ulikel to create fire hazards] "After germiatio uder shade, the stems elogate about 6 cm before full developig the first pair of leaves (author, persoal observatio). Grow uder shade, a group of cotaierized seedligs reached a average height of 22 cm i 8 moths after sowig...guama is itermediate i tolerace to itolerat of shade. Seedligs will survive light to medium shade. Seedligs established b direct seedig uder shade averaged 36 ad 76 cm i height after 1 ad 2 ears, respectivel. Correspodig heights of seedligs grow i full su averaged 40 ad 122 cm after 1 ad 2 ears (20). Adult trees retai vigor surprisigl well i lower caop positios." "Guama is able to grow o a wide variet of soils ad sites, icludig soils with textures from sads to clas (20). The species grows o soils origiatig from ma kids of paret material. Soil ph at least as low as 5.0 ad moderatel low levels of exchageable catios seem to be adequate for guama. Soils ca be poorl draied, but ot swamp. Excessivel draied soils due to sad or skeletal rock or shallow soils i areas of miimum raifall will ot support the species." "a medium sized (fig. 1) evergree tree ative to the Greater ad Lesser Atilles.. It is commo i moist ad wet forests, especiall secodar forests." "I a subtropical wet forest stad domiated b Dacrodes excelsa Vah., Euterpe globosa Gaert., Cecropia schreberiaa Miq., Micropholis garciifolia Pierre, Sloea berteriaa Chois, Crilla rocemiflora L., ad Magolia spledes Urba, guama cotributed ol 72 of a total of 3,100 stems (25). I aother subtropical wet forest domiated b C. rocemiflora L., Micropholis garciifolia, ad Magolia spledes, guama cotributed 28 of 3,400 stems (25)...Although widel distributed, guama ormall costitutes: ol a small percetage of the total basal area of the forests where it grows." [low tree desit i ative rage] Terrestrial Fabaceae Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 4 of 6

5 Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Croats, T.B.. Flora of Barro Colorado Islad. Staford Uiversit Press, Staford Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow Nielse, I.E.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 11 - part 1. Mimosaceae (Legumiosae- Mimosoideae). Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow "Guama roots are edomcorrhizal, ad the produce odules, presumabl associated with Rhizobium bacteria (10)." "Tree, 8(23) m" [ot a geophte] No evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat "The flower spikes are white ad brushlike, 8 to 15 cm log, ad bore sigl or i pairs. The flat pods, 6 to 12 cm log ad 2 to 3 cm wide, cotai several seeds (16)." "Self-icompatibilit has bee recorded from a few species of the geera Calliadra, Eterolobium, Iga, Leucaea, Petaclethra, Pithecellobium, Prosopis ad Samaea (Kerick & Kox I.e.)." [ukow for Iga lauria] "The flowers are a importat source of ectar for hoebees (16)." "Small guama trees will coppice, but large trees will ot (20)." [mostl propagates b seed] Croats, T.B.. Flora of Barro Colorado Islad. Staford Uiversit Press, Staford Nielse, I.E.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 11 - part 1. Mimosaceae (Legumiosae- Mimosoideae). Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Croats, T.B.. Flora of Barro Colorado Islad. Staford Uiversit Press, Staford Croats, T.B.. Flora of Barro Colorado Islad. Staford Uiversit Press, Staford Liogier, A. H./ Martorell, L. F.. Flora of Puerto Rico ad adjacet islads: a sstematic sopsis. La Editorial, UPR, Sa Jua, Puerto Rico Deis, A.J./Schupp, E.W./Gree, R.A./Westcott, D.A. (eds.). Seed dispersal: theor ad its applicatio i a chagig world. CABI, Walligford, UK Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd. "Legumes flat ad ribbed to bulged i the middle with raised margis at maturit, mostl 7-15 cm log, cm wide" [o evidece of uitetioal dispersal of relativel large pods ad/or seeds. No meas of exteral attachmet] "Widel cultivated as a orametal ad for the sweet pulp." "Legumes flat ad ribbed to bulged i the middle with raised margis at maturit, mostl 7-15 cm log, cm wide" [although grow with coffee, o evidece that fairl large pods ad/or seeds have bee dispersed as a produce cotamiat] "Legumes flat ad ribbed to bulged i the middle with raised margis at maturit, mostl 7-15 cm log, cm wide" [o specialized adaptatios for wid dispersal; seeds bird dispersed. See 7.06] "I woodlads, o hillsides ad alog streams, from lower to higher elevatios, mostl i wet districts, Puerto Rico; West Idies, ad from Mexico to Paama." [distributio suggests water dispersal alog streams] "Appedix 3 Iga lauria Seed disperser* mammals+fish" [fish dispersal suggests seeds are deposited i water ad survive i aquatic eviromets i which the would be deposited b fish] "The seeds are dispersed b bats ad birds that feed o the pods ad/or the small amout of pulp surroudig the seeds. These aimals ma, i the process of feedig, carr the pods some distace from the mother tree (9, 20)." "The seeds are dispersed b bats ad birds... These aimals ma, i the process of feedig, carr the pods some distace from the mother tree (9, 20)." [exteral trasport of seed pods] Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 5 of 6

6 Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd O'Reilll, R.. Propagatio protocol for productio of cotaier Iga lauria (SW.) Willd. Plats. Uiversit of Idaho, College of Natural Resources, Forest Research Nurser, Dowler, C.C./Forestier, W./Tschirle, F.H.. Effect ad Persistece of Herbicides Applied to Soil i Puerto Rica Forests. Weed Sciece. 16(1): Fracis, J.K.. Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. Ukow "The seeds are dispersed b bats ad birds that feed o the pods ad/or the small amout of pulp surroudig the seeds. These aimals ma, i the process of feedig, carr the pods some distace from the mother tree (9, 20)." [apparetl survive passage through gut] "a medium sized...the flat pods, 6 to 12 cm log ad 2 to 3 cm wide, cotai several seeds." [fairl large seeds & pods that lose viabilit rapidl. Ulikel to produce such high seed desities] "The seeds will ot retai their viabilit if dried...it is best to sow the seeds immediatel after collectio, but if this is ot possible, the whole pods ma be refrigerated for a few das without damage to the seeds." [suggests a persistet propagule bak will ot form] "The seeds were removed from the fruits, rised with water ad plated immediatel. Seeds caot be stored." "Abstract. Six herbicides were applied at 3, 9, ad 27 lb/a to the soil i forests of three tpes i Puerto Rico...The 27 lb/a rate of dicamba caused 100% defoliatio of Pschotria berteriaa DC. ad Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd...Whe all the treatmets at all locatios are cosidered, Tabebuia heterophlla (DC.) Britto, Cordia boriquesis Urba, Iga fagifolia (L.) Willd., ad Ocotea leucoxlo (Sw.) Mez were most resistat ad Pschotria berteriaa DC., Micoia siteisii Cog., Seegalia westiaa (DC.) Britto &c Rose, ad Leucaea leutcocephala (Lam.) DeWit were most susceptible." [well cotrolled b dicamba, but ot b other herbicides] "Vegetative Reproductio. - Small guama trees will coppice, but large trees will ot (20)." Prit Date: 12/6/2010 Iga lauria (Fabaceae) Page 6 of 6