Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM Site Description Page 1 of 9 USDA - ARS. Broad Axe Trial on Pinto Bean General Trial Information

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1 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM Site Description Page 1 of 9 Investigator: Rick Boydston General Trial Information Trial Status: E established City: Prosser Country: USA United States State/Prov.: Washington Trial Location Objectives: A trial was conducted on dry beans in 2012 to measure the response of dry beans and weeds to BroadAxe (metolachlor + sulfentrazone), Lorox (linuron), and several other herbicides applied preemergence. Prior to planting and tillage the field was soil sampled and analysis indicated the soil contained 58 lb N/acre (NO3 + NH4) residual nitrogen and 17 ppm P and 222 ppm K. No additional fertilizer was applied. The seed bed prepared with a Lely power tine tiller. Pinto beans, var. Othello, were planted 1.5 in. deep on May 16, 2012 on a sandy loam soil (ph 6.3, 1.01% O.M.) in 22 inch rows. Preemergence herbicide treatments were applied on May 18, Plots were 4 rows wide (7.5 feet) by 25 feet long. Herbicide treatments were applied with a bicycle sprayer equipped with 8002 XR flat fan nozzles spaced 20 in. apart calibrated to deliver 20 GPA. Plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch within 30 minutes of the last herbicide application. One additional postemergence treatment was applied on June 14, 2012 when beans had two trifoliate leaves and were 6 inches tall. Beans were 90% emerged on May 29, 2012 and stand counts were taken June 5, 2012 from 10 feet of the two center rows in each plot. Common lambsquarters was the most prevalent broadleaf weed with lesser amounts of redroot pigweed, common mallow, puncturevine, and Russian thistle. Wild proso millet was the most prevalent grass weed along with lesser amounts of barnyardgrass. Following the final weed control evaluation, all plots were hand-weeded beginning in mid-july until harvest. Crop injury and/or weed control were rated on June 1, June 18, June 28, and July 19, 2012 using a scale of 0= no control or no crop injury and 100 = total weed control or bean death. All treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and treatment means were separated using Least Significant Difference Test (P=0.05). Pinto beans were harvested August 20, 2012 from 10 feet of the two center rows in each plot and threshed with a Wintersteiger small plot combine. Shelled beans were weighed to determine yield. Results. Bean injury was first rated on May 29, 2012 shortly after emergence and there was no significant difference in injury among herbicide treatments. On June 1, beans began to exhibit injury from BroadAxe at the 24 oz/a rate. BroadAxe at 18 and 24 oz/a injured beans through late June (reaching 58% injury with the 24 oz rate) but new growth on the dry beans appeared normal in July and August. Bean stand counts on June 5 were not significantly different among herbicide treatments, but tended to be lower in plots treated with BroadAxe at the 24 oz rate. Some bean death occurred later in June as injury continued to increase. Treatments containing Lorox at 1 lb ai/a rate were injured 12 to

2 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM Site Description Page 2 of 9 21% by late June. Valor plus Prowl also injured beans with injury peaking at 16% June 14, Common lambsquarters control was greater than 95% with all herbicide treatments through June. Treatments containing BroadAxe or Lorox controlled lambsquarters 99% or more through July. Hairy nightshade was controlled by all herbicide treatments through mid-june. Hairy nightshade control continued to be excellent through July 19 with all herbicide treatments except the standard treatment of Sonalan plus Eptam, which dropped to 67% control. Similarly, redroot pigweed control was excellent with all herbicide treatments through late June. Redroot pigweed control dropped to 96% with Sonalan plus Eptam and Lorox plus Prowl July 19 and remained at 100% control with all other herbicide treatments. Wild proso millet was controlled from 88 to 97% June 18. Control of wild proso millet dropped with all herbicide treatments and was least (58%) with Valor plus Prowl July 19, Other herbicide treatments controlled wild proso millet from 76 to 91% July 19. Russian thistle density was low and sporadic in the field, but only treatments containing BroadAxe were free of Russian thistle in all three reps. Average yield of the standard treatment of Sonalan plus Eptam was only 1032 lbs/acre, probably reflecting the competition effects from early season weed escapes. Untreated weedy checks did not yield any beans. All other herbicide treatments yielded from 806 to 955 lbs/a, statistically similar to the Sonalan plus Eptam treatment, except the Valor plus Prowl plots, which yielded only 525 lbs/acre. The poorer control of common lambsquarters and wild proso millet in the Valor plus Prowl plots likely resulted in a greater amount of weed competition early in the season contributing to the lower bean yield. Investigator: Rick Boydston Crop Description Crop 1: PHSVX Phaseolus vulgaris Pinto Bean Variety: Othello BBCH Scale: BVBE Planting Date: May Depth, Unit: 1.25 IN Row Spacing, Unit: 22 IN Emergence Date: May Spacing Within Row, Unit: 3.5 IN Seed Bed: COMPAC compacted Pest 1 Type: W Code: CHEAL Chenopodium album Common Name: Common lambsquarters Pest Description Pest 2 Type: W Code: SOLPS Solanum physalifolium Common Name: Solanum physalifolium Pest 3 Type: W Code: AMARE Amaranthus retroflexus Common Name: Redroot pigweed Pest 4 Type: W Code: PANMI Panicum miliaceum Common Name: Proso millet Site and Design Treated Plot Width: 7.5 FT Treated Plot Length: 25 FT Treated Plot Area: FT2 Treatments: 7 Replications: 3 Study Design: RACOBL Randomized Complete Block (RCB)

3 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM Site Description Page 3 of 9 Soil Description % Sand: 54.2 % OM: 1.01 Texture: SL sandy loam % Silt: 36.8 ph: 6.3 Soil Name: Warden sandy loam % Clay: 9.0 A B Application Date: May Jun Appl. Start Time: 7:13 a.m. 9 a.m. Application Method: SPRAY SPRAY Application Timing: PREMCR POSPOS Application Placement: BROSOI BROFOL Applied By: Chon Rivera R Boydston Air Temperature, Unit: 54 F 56 F % Relative Humidity: 55 Wind Velocity, Unit: 2 mph 1.5 mph Soil Temperature, Unit: 62 F 60 F Next Moisture Occurred On: May Application Description Crop Stage At Each Application A B Crop 1 Code, BBCH Scale: PHSVX BVBE PHSVX BVBE Stage Scale Used: BBCH Stage Majority, Percent: 2 Trifol Height, Unit: 6 IN Pest Stage At Each Application A B Pest 1 Code, Type, Scale: CHEAL W CHEAL W Height, Unit: IN Height Minimum, Maximum: 2 8 Density, Unit: 1 PLA/m2 Pest 2 Code, Type, Scale: SOLPS W SOLPS W Height, Unit: IN Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 6 Density, Unit: 0.2 PLA/m2 Pest 3 Code, Type, Scale: AMARE W AMARE W Height Minimum, Maximum: 1 8 Density, Unit: 0.43 PLA/m2 Pest 4 Code, Type, Scale: PANMI W PANMI W Height, Unit: IN Height Minimum, Maximum: 3 9 Density, Unit: 72 PLA/m2

4 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM Site Description Page 4 of 9 A B Appl. Equipment: Bike 4 nozzl Bike 4 nozzl Equipment Type: BICSPR BICSPR Operation Pressure, Unit: 28 psi 28 psi Nozzle Type: Flat Fan Flat Fan Nozzle Size: 8002 XR 8002 XR Nozzle Spacing, Unit: 20 in 20 in Nozzle Calibration, Unit: 636 ML/MIN 636 ML/MIN Boom ID: Bike 4 nozzl Bike 4 nozzl Ground Speed, Unit: 2.5 mph 2.5 mph Carrier: WATER WATER Spray Volume, Unit: 20 gal/ac 20 gal/ac Mix Size, Unit: 0.5 gallons 0.5 gallons Propellant: COMCO2 COMCO2 Application Equipment Date By Notes May Irrigated with linear move to apply 0.5 inches water starting 30 minutes after last herbicide treatment (Sonalan/Eptam) applied. Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Pinto bean Rating Date May Jun-1-12 Jun-8-12 Jun Jun Jul Jun-5-12 Aug EMEDEL PHYCHL PHYCHL PHYCHL PHYCHL PHYCHL Stand Yield % % % % % % #/20 ft g/20 ft No. Name Rate Unit Code Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 18 oz/a A 0.67 a 0.00 b b b b 9.00 a a ab 2 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 24 oz/a A 0.67 a 4.67 a a a a a a ab 3 Valor (flumioxazin) 1.5 oz/a A 0.00 a 0.00 b c c 7.00 cd 0.00 b a b 4 Sonalan HFP (ethalfluralin) 0.75 lb ai/a A 0.00 a 0.00 b 0.00 e 0.00 d 0.00 d 0.00 b a a 5 UTC (weedy check) A 0.00 a 0.00 b 0.00 e 0.00 d 0.00 d 0.00 b a 0.00 c 6 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 0.67 a 0.00 b 6.67 d b bc 2.67 b a ab 7 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 2.33 a 0.67 b 4.00 de c cd 5.00 ab a ab LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X P(Bartlett's X2) Skewness * * * Kurtosis * * * Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F)

5 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM AOV Means Table Page 5 of 9 Rating Date No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 18 oz/a A 2 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 24 oz/a A 3 Valor (flumioxazin) 1.5 oz/a A 4 Sonalan HFP (ethalfluralin) 0.75 lb ai/a A 5 UTC (weedy check) A 6 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 7 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Skewness Kurtosis Common lambsqu> Common lambsqu> Common lambsqu> Common lambsqu> Pinto bean Aug Jun-1-12 Jun Jun Jul Yield Control Control Control Control lb/acre % % % % ab a a a a ab a a a a b b b b b a a ab ab b 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.00 c 0.00 c ab a a a a ab a a a a * * * * * * * * Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F)

6 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM AOV Means Table Page 6 of 9 Rating Date No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 18 oz/a A 2 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 24 oz/a A 3 Valor (flumioxazin) 1.5 oz/a A 4 Sonalan HFP (ethalfluralin) 0.75 lb ai/a A 5 UTC (weedy check) A 6 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 7 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Skewness Kurtosis Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Solanum physal> Solanum physal> Solanum physal> Solanum physal> Redroot pigweed Jun-1-12 Jun Jun Jul Jun-1-12 Control Control Control Control Control % % % % % a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0.00 a 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 a a a a a a a a a a a * * * * * * * * * *

7 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM AOV Means Table Page 7 of 9 Rating Date No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 18 oz/a A 2 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 24 oz/a A 3 Valor (flumioxazin) 1.5 oz/a A 4 Sonalan HFP (ethalfluralin) 0.75 lb ai/a A 5 UTC (weedy check) A 6 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 7 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Skewness Kurtosis Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Redroot pigweed Redroot pigweed Redroot pigweed Proso millet Proso millet Proso millet Jun Jun Jul Jun-1-12 Jun Jun Control Control Control Control Control Control % % % % % % a a a a a a a a a a ab a a a a a b b a a b a ab a 0.00 b 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 b 0.00 c 0.00 c a a b a a a a a a a a a * 0.046* * * * * * * 3.135* * 3.088* * * *

8 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM AOV Means Table Page 8 of 9 Rating Date No. Name Rate Unit Code 1 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 18 oz/a A 2 Broad Axe (metol+sulfent) 24 oz/a A 3 Valor (flumioxazin) 1.5 oz/a A 4 Sonalan HFP (ethalfluralin) 0.75 lb ai/a A 5 UTC (weedy check) A 6 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A 7 Lorox (linuron) 1 lb ai/a A LSD (P=.05) Standard Deviation CV Grand Mean Bartlett's X2 P(Bartlett's X2) Skewness Kurtosis Replicate F Replicate Prob(F) Treatment F Treatment Prob(F) Proso millet Russian thistle Jul Control % Jul #/plot a 0.00 b a 0.00 b b 0.33 b a 3.00 ab 0.00 c 5.67 a a 2.00 b a 2.00 b * * * *

9 Aug (Dry Bean 2012 PRE) ARM AOV Means Table Page 9 of 9 EMEDEL = emergence delay PHYCHL = phytotoxicity - chlorosis Yield = yield % = percent