State of the art on Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus SRB (Serbia) s National Collections

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1 State of the art on Phaseolus vulgaris and Phaseolus coccineus SRB (Serbia) s National Collections april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops N o v i S a d Mirjana Vasić, breeder of bean Aleksandra Savić, future breeder SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

3 Dr MAJA Ječmenica, Head of Gene Bank Department Kladovo, maj SMARTLEG Ljubljana APRIL 2017 ECPGR Grain Legumes Working Group

4 National Gene Bank is at the final stage of establishment Active collections are maintained in Institutes Researchers working on certain species also supervise the collections and maintain the accessions SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

5 I F V C N S was established in year as a non-profit government organization

6 History Landraces and varieties of beans collected at IFVCNS from 1977 In the Balkan peninsula, there is a great divergence of bean Landraces of common beans can still be found on small farms Runer bean a little less often SMARTLEG Ljubljana APRIL 2017 ECPGR Grain Legumes Working Group

7 Research activities Research in the area of genetic resources and divergence of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and other grain legumes Investigating the possibility of expanding genetic variability of bean with maintenance of its germplasm in our country Collection of landraces; maintenance, characterization and evaluation of samples; pre-breeding activities; exchange of bean germplasm The most important use is for breeding SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

8 B r e e d i n g goals Domestic program of bean breeding was aimed at the development of high-yielding varieties, suitable for growing in pure stand and machine harvesting but these varieties were also expected to have grain characteristics similar to those of the traditional bean populations SMARTLEG Ljubljana

9 SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia The convergence of the large number of nations inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula are reasons for differences in dietary customs When the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad embarked on a program of bean breeding, a decision was made to try and meet the specific market demands. to make bean varieties which differ in grain color and shape as well as in taste. B r e e d i n g Programs goals researches

10 SMARTLEG meeting In the Balkan peninsula, there is a great divergence of bean Dishes made from beans are part of the our national cuisines The convergence of important trading routes and the arrival of beans from two directions, east (Turkey ) and west (France, Italy). These from east have white seeds predominantly. These from west have colored seeds predominantly ly april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

11 SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia In order to achieve the goal we had to collect and study the many and varied local population but also more recent varieties... and the result is

12 Biological status Accessions Percentage 300 Traditional cultivar/landrace Most of them 500 Advanced or improved cultivar 400 Breeding/research material 410 Breeder's line eurisco.ecpgr.org Germplasm storage Percentage 10 Seed collection 100% SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

13 Bean breeding programme at IFVCNS Bean breeding and research programme at IFVCNS exists for around 40 years At the moment, there are 8 dry bean and 2 snap bean varieties that were created at the IFVCNS All of these cultivars are present at National variety list Some of them are recognized on foreign variety lists and produced in other countries IFVCNS bean varieties take about 80% of whole seed production in Serbia

14 Bean cultivars created at the IFVCNS Name of cultivar Use category Plant growth habit Market class Belko Dry bean Determinate bush Small white Balkan Dry bean Determinate bush Small white Maksa Dry bean Determinate bush Large Great Northern Dvadesetica Dry bean Determinate bush Large Great Northern Aster Dry bean Determinate bush White kidney Levač Dry bena Indeterminate climbing Large Great Northern Zlatko Dry bean Determinate bush Golden Sremac Dry bean Determinate bush Yellow-greenish Tisa Snap bean Indeterminate climbing Butter bean Resava Snap bean Indeterminate climbing Green pencil

15 Zlatko Sremac Slavonski žutozeleni

16 Dvadesetica Maksa

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20 Dry bean collection - around 500 accessions Snap bean collection (around 200 accessions) at IFVCNS Structure of bean collection held at IFVCN: 3% old varieties 80 % landraces 17 % newly created varieties Most of the landraces in the IFVCNS bean collection were collected from the territory of Former Yugoslavia and neighboring countries This collection serves as breeding collection, but also for maintenance of bean genetic resources

21 Screening of collections Value of tripsin inhibitor activity in bean genotypes from Serbia and Slovenia Jabelski Dvadesetica Biser Oplenac Zlatko Panonski tetovac Zorin Levac Panonski gradistanac Starozagorski Kelmen Slavonski zeleni

22 Screening part of dry bean collection (about 200 genotypes) based on morphometrical, biochemical and molecular analysis Morphometrical analysis based on Bioversity International- Key descriptor for bean genetic resources Molecular evaluationa and determination of genetic diversity and structure of tested dry bean population was done using SSR markers Determination of phaseolin type as protein marker Creating core collections and chosing potential accession candidtes for future breeding

23 Trait Phenotype (%) determinate bush 80,2 indeterminate bush 11,9 Growth habit Colour of flower Pod colour 100-seed weight Seed colour Seed shape Colour of flower standard Clour of flower wings Pod colour Seed coat pattern Seed coat colour Brilliance of seed indeterminate prostrate or vining but not climbing 7,9 indeterminate climbing 0 determinante climbing 0 mixture 0 white 37,3 green 4,5 lilac 41,8 carmine red 12,9 purple 3,4 white 41,8 lilac 54,2 purple 3,9 normal green 59,3 shiny green 29,4 dull green to silver gray 7,9 pale yellow to white 1,7 carmine stripe on green 0,6 pale red stripe on green 1,13 < 25 g 10, g 35,0 > 40 g 54,8 absent 84,2 mottled 13,6 other 2,3 white 36,7 cream 9,6 yellow 1,7 brown 2,8 pink 15,8 pink 1,1 purple 1,7 black 3,4 green 21,5 golden-yellow 4,5 bordeaux 1,1 dull 21,5 medium 46,9 shiny 31,6 cuboid 55,4 oval 29,9 kidney shaped 8,5 markedly truncate 5,6 round 0,6

24 Phaseolin type in Serbian varieties and landraces T (65%) S (29%) C (5%)

25 Andean genepool

26 Passport data and photos

27 Research on tolerance of 21 bean genotypes (comercial and domestic varieties and landraces) to drought stress and excess moisture in the soil in the stage of seedlings in laboratory conditions Variability among genotypes was observed based on morpho-physiological and termodinalmical basis of tolerance to abiotical factors in early growth stages The best genotypes were separated as most tolerant Serbian cultivars Maksa, Panonski tetovac, Balkan, Zlatko and Galeb, and one Bulgarian Prelom

28 SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia Phaseolus coccineus runner bean

29 Phaseolus coccineus - runner bean SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

30 Phaseolus coccineus - runner bean SMARTLEG meeting april 2017., Ljubljana, Slovenia

31 Thank you for your attention and patience SMARTLEG Ljubljana APRIL 2017