langsat langsep longkong lanzones 101 Is the species highly domesticated?

Transcription

1 Famil: Meliaceae Taxo: Lasium domesticum Som: Aglaia domestica (Corrêa ex Jack) Pellegr. Aglaia dookoo Griff. Aglaia aquea (Jacq.) Kosterm. Aglaia itricatoreticulata Kosterm. Aglaia sepalia (Kosterm.) Kosterm. Aglaia steeisii Kosterm. Amoora racemosa Ridl. Lachaodedro domesticum Nees Commo Name: lagsat lagsep logkog lazoes Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score 0 Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Is the species highl domesticated? No, although this assessmet refers to the lagsat, or wild tpe. Seedless varieties would be much less likel to spread] "There are two distict botaical varieties: 1) L. domesticum var. pubesces, the tpical wild lagsat which is a rather sleder, ope tree with hair brachlets ad earl roud, thick skied fruits havig much milk latex; 2) var. domesticum, called the duku, doekoe, or dookoo, which is a more robust tree, broad topped ad desel foliaged with cospicuousl-veied leaflets; the fruits, bore few to a cluster, are oblog-ovoid or ellipsoid, with thi, browish ski, ol faitl aromatic ad cotaiig little or o milk latex. The former is ofte referred to as the "wild" tpe but both varieties are cultivated ad show cosiderable rage of form, size ad qualit. There are desirable tpes i both groups. Some small fruits are completel seedless ad fairl sweet." Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA [Is the species highl domesticated? Certai cultivars ma be highl domesticated] "Lasium domesticum is oe of the importat ative fruit trees of Malesia but it is scarcel grow o a platatio scale, most of the fruits see i markets beig collected from village trees. Forms have bee i cultivatio for a log time, those i Java i 1413 beig remarked o b the Chiese traveler Ma Hua" Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "The lagsat origiated i wester Malasia ad is commo both wild ad cultivated throughout the Archipelago ad o the islad of Luzo i the Philippies where the fruits are ver popular ad the tree is beig utilized i reforestatio of hill areas." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "The lagsat is ultratropical. Eve i its ative territor it caot be grow at a altitude over 2,100 to 2,500 ft ( m). It eeds a humid atmosphere, plet of moisture ad will ot tolerate log dr seasos." Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Distributio Peisular Thailad; Malesia (wild, cultivated ad aturalized): Sumatra. Mala Peisula. Boreo, Java, Philippies (?ative). Celebes (?ative). Moluccas (?ative). West New Guiea (?ative). Cultivated i Idochia, Idia, Florida etc." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, rage? Yes] "The lagsat origiated i wester Malasia ad is commo both wild ad cultivated throughout the Archipelago ad o the islad of Luzo i the Philippies where the fruits are ver popular ad the tree is beig utilized i reforestatio of hill areas. It is much grow, too, i souther Thailad ad Vietam ad flourishes i the Nilgiris ad other humid areas of South Idia ad the fruits are pletiful o local markets. The lagsat was itroduced ito Hawaii before 1930 ad is frequetl grow at low elevatios. A occasioal tree ma be foud o other Pacific islads. The species is little kow i the America tropics except i Suriam. There it is commerciall grow o a small scale. Seeds were set from Java to the Lacetilla Experimetal Garde at Tela, Hoduras, i 1926 ad plats arrived from the same source i The trees have grow well but are usuall ufruitful, occasioall havig a small umber of fruits. There are bearig trees i Triidad, where the lagsat was established i 1938, ad a few aroud Maaguez, Puerto Rico, that have bee bearig well for about 60 ears. There were oug specimes growig o St. Croix i 1930." Staples, G.W./Herbst, D.R.. A Tropical Garde Flora - Plats Cultivated i the Hawaiia Islads ad Other Tropical Places. Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Hawaiia Islads] " itroduced to Hawaii before 1930 ad is ow beig grow b tropical fruit ethusiasts." Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads [Naturalized beod ative rage? Questioabl] "Distributio Peisular Thailad; Malesia (wild, cultivated ad aturalized): Sumatra. Mala Peisula. Boreo, Java, Philippies (?ative). Celebes (?ative). Moluccas (?ative). West New Guiea (?ative). Cultivated i Idochia, Idia, Florida etc." Guézou, A. et al.. CDF Checklist of Galapagos Itroduced Plats. I: Bugartz, F. et [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Galapagos] "Origi: Itroduced, Cultivated." al. (eds.). CDF Galapagos Species Checklist. Charles Darwi Foudatio, Puerto Aora, Galapagos sts/ecological-group Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Evirometal weed? No evidece] Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Radall, R.P.. A Global Compedium of [Cogeeric weed? No evidece] Weeds. 2d Editio. Departmet of Agriculture ad Food, Wester Australia Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "The tree is erect, short-truked, sleder or spreadig; reachig 35 to 50 ft (10.5 to 15 m) i height, with red-brow or ellow brow, furrowed bark. Its leaves are piate, 9 to 20 i ( cm) log, with 5 to 7 alterate leaflets, obovate or elliptic-oblog, poited at both eds, 2 3/4 to 8 i (7-20 cm) log, slightl leather, dark-gree ad gloss o the upper surface, paler ad dull beeath, ad with promiet midrib." Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, [Allelopathic? No evidece] "Shadig is ecessar ad hece, the crop is frequetl iter-cropped." [Parasitic? No] "A evergree, small, short-truked, lactiferous sized tree, reachig heights of m" [Meliaceae] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Toxic to aimals? Ukow. Peel ma be toxic] "The peel of the lagsat is easil removed ad the flesh is commol eate out-of-had or served as dessert, ad ma be cooked i various was. Varieties with much latex are best dipped ito boilig water to elimiate the gummiess before peelig. The peeled, seedless or seeded fruits are caed i sirup or sometimes cadied." "A arrow poiso has bee made from the fruit peel ad the bark of the tree. Both possess a toxic propert, lasium acid, which, o ijectio, arrests heartbeat i frogs. The peel is reportedl high i tai. The seed cotais a miute amout of a uamed alkaloid, 1% of a alcohol soluble resi, ad 2 bitter, toxic priciples." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges?] "I Puerto Rico, oug lagsat trees have bee defoliated b the sugarcae root borer, Diaprepes abbreviatus. Scale isects, especiall Pseudaoidia articulatus ad Pseudaulacaspis petagoa, ad the red spider mite, Tetrachus bimaculatus, are sometimes foud attackig the foliage, ad soot mold is apt to develop o the hoedew deposited b the scales. Rats gaw o the brachlets ad braches ad the mature fruits. Athracose caused b Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is evideced b brow spots ad other blemishes o the fruit ad peducle ad leads to premature sheddig of fruits. Caker which makes the bark become rough ad cork ad flake off has appeared o lagsats i Florida, Hawaii ad Tahiti. It was believed to be caused b a fugus, Cephalosporium sp., ad larvae of a member of the Tieidae have bee observed feedig uder the looseed bark. However, other fugi, Nectria sp. (perfect stage of Volutella sp.) ad Phomopsis sp. are officiall recorded as causes of stem gall caker o the lagsat i Florida." Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Peel ma be toxic] "The peel of the lagsat is easil removed ad the flesh is commol eate out-of-had or served as dessert, ad ma be cooked i various was. Varieties with much latex are best dipped ito boilig water to elimiate the gummiess before peelig. The peeled, seedless or seeded fruits are caed i sirup or sometimes cadied." "A arrow poiso has bee made from the fruit peel ad the bark of the tree. Both possess a toxic propert, lasium acid, which, o ijectio, arrests heartbeat i frogs. The peel is reportedl high i tai. The seed cotais a miute amout of a uamed alkaloid, 1% of a alcohol-soluble resi, ad 2 bitter, toxic priciples." Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No evidece] "Habitat & Ecolog Rai forest icludig keregas ad o limestoe m altitude." [Habitat ad cultivatio suggest o] Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Some shade is beeficial especiall durig the earl ears." Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Shadig is ecessar ad hece, the crop is frequetl iter-cropped." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "The tree does best o deep, rich, well draied, sad loam or other soils that are slightl acid to eutral ad high i orgaic matter. It is iclied to do poorl o cla that dries ad cracks durig railess periods, ad is ot at all adapted to alkalie soils. It will ot edure eve a few das of water-loggig." Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "A evergree, small, short-truked, lactiferous sized tree, reachig heights of m" [Forms dese thickets? No evidece] "Accordig to Whitmorc [Trop. Rai For. Far East (1975) 237]. the trees are ver scattered occurrig with a desit of 0.2 trees per 40 ha of forest i Ulu Kelata, Mala Peisula." [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial Tree [Grass? No] "A evergree, small, short truked, lactiferous sized tree, reachig heights of m" [Meliaceae] [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Meliaceae [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "A evergree, small, short-truked, lactiferous sized tree, reachig heights of m" [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Lagsats are commol grow from seeds which must be plated withi 1 or 2 das after removal from the fruit. " Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Kiew, R./Teo, L.L./Ga, Y.Y.. Assessmet of the hbrid status of some Malesia plats usig Amplified Fragmet Legth Polmorphism. Telopea. 10(1): Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "Compared with temperate regios where hbrids are commo, hbrids reported from the Malesia regio are few. I additio, almost oe has bee the subject of quatitative or experimetal stud, either because the are rare or iaccessible or are difficult to grow or have log life ccles. Amplified fragmet legth polmorphism (AFLP) has proved useful i determiig whether taxa suggested as hbrids based o their morphological itermediac betwee two putative parets are ideed hbrids. The results of AFLP aalsis cofirmed the hbrid status of taxa i the followig geera, Begoia (Begoiaceae), Magifera (Aacardiaceae) ad Nepethes (Nepethaceae), while disprovig the hbrid status of duku-lagsat, Lasium (Meliaceae)." [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] "Flowers are perfect ad cross-polliatio is rare" "The fruit ca develop partheocarpicall ad the seed apomicticall (Salma ad Razali, 1987)." [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Flowers are perfect ad cross-polliatio is rare" [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece of atural vegetative spread] "Trees are propagated b buddig, cleft ad side graftig ad from seed, i which case the flower after about 15 ears." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 12+] "Seedligs will bear i 12 to 20 ears." Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Saw, L.G./LaFrakie, J.V./Kochumme, K.M./Yap, S.K.. Fruit Trees i a Malasia Rai Forest. Ecoomic Bota. 45(1): Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicial ad No- Medicial Plats. Volume 3, Fruits. Spriger, Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Beckig, J. H.. Diets of Javaese Birds. I Heri Jacob Victor Sod, : His Life ad Work. Brill Archive, Leide, Netherlads Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 7+] "Logkog plats propagated from seed, flower ad fruit i 7-8 ears while those asexuall propagated, flower ad fruit i 3-5 ears." [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Ulikel, although latex ma allow fruits or seeds to adhere to vehicles or shoes] "Fruit 2-4 cm log. I.5-2(-4) cm diam.. Pale ellow or browish, ofte becomig glabrous; pericarp sometimes with white latex, white withi. Seeds 1-5, the locules with udeveloped seeds filled with arillatc tissue; aril completel evelopig seed, c. 25 mm log, 15 mm wide..." [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "Fruit a berr, roud or oblog, 2-5 cm across, ripeig ellow; pericarp thi, dr; seed jacket pleasatl astriget to sweet. Widel cultivated i villages ad platatios." [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No evidece. Fruits ad seeds are relativel large. Not likel to cotamiate produce] "Fruit 2-4 cm log. I.5-2(-4) cm diam.. Pale ellow or browish, ofte becomig glabrous; pericarp sometimes with white latex, white withi. Seeds 1-5, the locules with udeveloped seeds filled with arillatc tissue; aril completel evelopig seed, c. 25 mm log, 15 mm wide..." [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Lagsat has smaller, usuall 2-3 cm diameter, ellipsoid, ellow, thik-skied (2-3 mm) fruits, which do ot split but ooze a lot of latex whe broke " [Propagules water dispersed? No evidece] "Fruit 2-4 cm log. I.5-2(-4) cm diam.. Pale ellow or browish, ofte becomig glabrous; pericarp sometimes with white latex, white withi. Seeds 1-5," "Fruit said to be dispersed b bats." [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "Chloropsis cochichiesis" [The Blue-wiged Leafbird cosumes the fruit of L. domesticum] [Propagules bird dispersed? Potetiall Yes] "Fruit 2-4 cm log. I.5-2(-4) cm diam.. pale ellow or browish, ofte becomig glabrous; pericarp sometimes with white latex, white withi. Seeds 1-5," "Fruit said to be dispersed b bats." [Larger gamebirds ma be able to cosume fruit ad disperse seeds] Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Fujita, M.S./Tuttle, M.D.. Flig Foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Threateed Aimals of Ke Ecological ad EcoomicImportace. Coservatio Biolog. 5(4): Mabberle, D.J./Paell, C.M./Sig, A.M.. Flora Malesiaa. Series I, Spermatophta: Flowerig plats. Volume 12, part 1. Meliaceae. Rijksherbarium / Hortus Botaicus, Leide, The Netherlads Kuz, T.H./Joes, D.P.. Pteropus vamprus. Mammalia Species. 642: 1-6. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? Possibl carried exterall b fruit bats] "I Malasia ad Idoesia growers of rambuta (Nephelium lappaceum), lagsat (Lasium domesticum), ad water ap- ples (Eugeia aquea) admitted that bats preseted a problem for ol a few das prior to harvest ad that these problems could be largel avoided b simple pro- tective measures, such as shiig bright lamps or light- ig small fires below fruitig trees." [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "Fruit said to be dispersed b bats." [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Possibl Yes] "P. vamprus feeds o polle, ectar, ad flowers of cocout (C. ucifera) ad duria trees (Durio zibethius); fruits of rambuta (Nephelium lappaceum), fig (Ficus), ad lagsat (Lasium domesticum) trees" WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules survive passage through the gut?] Feral pigs might be able to cosume fruits ad spread seeds Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No. Fruit relativel large ad with large seeds] "The fruit, bore 2 to 30 i a cluster, is oval, ovoid-oblog or earl roud, 1 to 2 i (2.5 5 cm) i diameter, ad has light graish ellow to pale browish or pik, velvet ski, leather, thi or thick, ad cotaiig milk latex. There are 5 or 6 segmets of aromatic, white, traslucet, juic flesh (arils), acid to subacid i flavor. Seeds, which adhere more or less to the flesh, are usuall preset i 1 to 3 of the segmets. The are gree, relativel large 3/4 to 1 i (2-2.5 cm) log ad 1/2 to 3/4 i ( cm) wide, ver bitter, ad sometimes, if the flesh cligs tightl to the seed, it ma acquire some of its bitteress." Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "Logkog ca be propagated sexuall ad asexuall. However, i 100 fruit ol about te seeds will germiate." Morto, J.F.. Fruits of warm climates - Lagsat (Lasium domesticum). J.F. Morto, [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Lagsats are commol grow from seeds which must be plated withi 1 or 2 das after removal from the fruit. Viabilit is totall lost i 8 das uless the seeds are stored i polethlee bags at 39.2º-42.8º F (4º-6º C) where the will remai viable for 14 das." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Jaick, J./Paull, R.E.. The Ecclopedia of Fruit & Nuts. Cabi Publishig, Walligford, UK [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] "Mature plats are prued after harvest, which is ormall at the start of the rai seaso whe the tree is eterig a dormat period." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 11/21/2012 Lasium domesticum (Meliaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Possibl Naturalized Thrives i tropical climates Peel ma be toxic Shade tolerat Seeds ca develop apomicticall Fruit cosumed ad seeds dispersed b birds ad mammals, icludig people Low Risk / Desirable Traits Despite potetial aturalizatio, o egative impacts have bee documeted Uarmed (o spies, thors or burrs) Edible fruit Medicial properties Log time to reproductive maturit (8+ ears) Ladscapig ad orametal value Seeds lose viabilit quickl (o seed bak)